scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of brain tumor-related epilepsy and factors influencing the identification of epilepsy-associated tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Zhang ◽  
Liaoyuan Zheng ◽  
Jingfeng Duan ◽  
Zongping Li ◽  
Yufeng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Tumor Origin ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background To analyze the clinical features of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) and explore the factors influencing the identification of epilepsy-associated tumor (EAT), in order to advance the clinical understanding of BTRE and EAT. Methods Intracranial tumor origin and location as well as the type of epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed in 153 BTRE patients. The patients were further divided into the EAT and non-EAT groups, and comparisons were made for age, sex, tumor origin and location, and epilepsy type between the two groups. Results The 153 BTRE patients were divided into 78 cases with primary intracranial tumor and 75 cases with tumor originating from extracranial metastasis, according to the origin of tumor. According to the location of tumor, 116 cases had tumor lesions located in the brain parenchyma, and 37 cases had tumor lesions located in the meninges. Further, in the group with a brain parenchyma location, 77 cases had single lobular involvement, and 39 cases had multiple-lobular involvement; 84 cases had tumor lesions located in one hemisphere and 32 cases in both hemispheres. According to the type of epilepsy, 92 cases had generalized seizures, and 61 cases had focal seizures. The type of epilepsy did not significantly correlate with the origin of intracranial tumor, the location of tumor lesions (in brain parenchyma or meninges) (P > 0.05), or the hemispherical location (in one or two hemispheres) of lesions (P > 0.05), but was significantly related with the lobular localization of lesions (P < 0.05). The 153 cases of BTRE consisted of 87 EAT and 66 non-EAT, with significant differences in the origin, location and type (being glioma/non-glioma) of tumor. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of tumor (i.e. whether being glioma) served as an independent factor for EAT identification; the lower the World Health Organization grade of glioma, the more likely the EAT is to be diagnosed (P < 0.05). Conclusion The majority of BTRE patients in this study had tumors located in the brain parenchyma. In addition, the patients with generalized seizures outnumbered those with focal seizures, and the type of epilepsy was correlated with the lobular location of tumor lesions. The EATs are mostly low-grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Brain Mechanisms of Altered Consciousness in Focal Seizures

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Bagshaw ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Altered Consciousness ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Consciousness is a central concept in epileptology, relevant to the understanding of both focal and generalized seizures. Within focal seizures, impairment of consciousness has long been considered as the main criterion differentiating complex partial seizures (CPS) from simple partial seizures With the development of improved tools for investigating human brain function, new insights into the brain mechanisms of altered consciousness in CPS have become available. This paper reviews the existing literature on how the currently available methods can be used to address the fundamental issue of how CPS alter consciousness.

Gliomatosis Cerebri: A Brain Tumour Which is too Difficult to Treat?

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Choi ◽  
U. Schulz ◽  
K. Seex
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Brain

Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare form of primary diffuse brain tumour first described by Nevin in 1938.1 It was originally considered to be a post-mortem diagnosis before Troost et al reported a clinically diagnosed case in 1987.2 However antemortem diagnosis remains difficult due to vague clinical symptoms and often non-specific findings on CT scanning. Gliomatosis cerebri has been classified by the World Health Organisation as an infiltrative tumoural process, which involves at least two, and usually three, lobes of the brain.3 Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging shows a diffuse infiltrative process with possible mass effect but no necrosis. histology is usually of a low grade astrocytic neoplasm which seemingly infiltrates out of proportion to the degree of anaplasia. We report two patients who presented over the past year, whose clinical and radiological features prompted a preoperative diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri, confirmed by biopsy.

Seizures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Bäumer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Seizures are transient neurological events caused by abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. This can arise from a localized brain region, causing focal seizures, or simultaneously from both hemispheres, leading to generalized seizures. Epilepsy is the tendency to develop recurrent seizures and is usually diagnosed after two or more unprovoked seizures. This chapter covers simple partial seizures (sometimes called aura), complex partial seizures, and focal (or partial) seizures, their differential diagnosis, context, approach to diagnosis, key diagnostic tests, therapy, and prognosis, as well as dealing with uncertainty in a diagnosis.

scholarly journals Acanthosis nigricans and the sign of leser-trelat associated with primary brain tumor: Case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Slobodan Stojanovic ◽  
Pavle Jeremic ◽  
Mirjana Poljacki
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
The Brain

The authors present a case of a female patient a 26-year old pensioner from Zmajevo, who developed skin changes in the neck region, armpits and groins, as well as in submammal folds during the 10 years period. The changes include dark-brown hyper?pigmentation associated with sudden eruption of a large number of benign skin tumors and dark-brown seborrheic keratosis on trunk and extremities. In 1998, after magnetic resonance imaging, primary brain tumor of astrocytoma type with low grade of malignity was discovered in thalamus region. The patient developed the above-mentioned skin changes since then. According to neurosurgical findings, the brain tumor is inoperable, so skin changes are persistent and stationary. Clinical changes correspond to paraneoplastic form of acanthosis nigricans. Numerous skin tumors histopathologically match seborrheic keratosis and reveal the clinical features of the sign of Leser-Trelat. It is interesting that in the same patient there are both, obligatory and optional, paraneoplastic dermatoses associated with malignant brain tumor.

scholarly journals The Presence and Potential Role of ALDH1A2 in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sanders ◽  
Denise M. Herpai ◽  
Analiz Rodriguez ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Jeff Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Brain

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma. Therapeutic targeting of GBM is made more difficult due to its heterogeneity, resistance to treatment, and diffuse infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Better understanding of the tumor microenvironment should aid in finding more effective management of GBM. GBM-associated macrophages (GAM) comprise up to 30% of the GBM microenvironment. Therefore, exploration of GAM activity/function and their specific markers are important for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, we identified and evaluated the expression of ALDH1A2 in the GBM microenvironment, and especially in M2 GAM, though it is also expressed in reactive astrocytes and multinucleated tumor cells. We demonstrated that M2 GAM highly express ALDH1A2 when compared to other ALDH1 family proteins. Additionally, GBM samples showed higher expression of ALDH1A2 when compared to low-grade gliomas (LGG), and this expression was increased upon tumor recurrence both at the gene and protein levels. We demonstrated that the enzymatic product of ALDH1A2, retinoic acid (RA), modulated the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in macrophages, but not in GBM tumor cells. Thus, the expression of ALDH1A2 may promote the progressive phenotype of GBM.

Intraoperative Strain Elastosonography in Brain Tumor Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Prada ◽  
Massimiliano Del Bene ◽  
Angela Rampini ◽  
Luca Mattei ◽  
Cecilia Casali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Brain Tumor Surgery ◽  
Mode Iii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Sonoelastography is an ultrasound imaging technique able to assess mechanical properties of tissues. Strain elastography (SE) is a qualitative sonoelastographic modality with a wide range of clinical applications, but its use in brain tumor surgery has been so far very limited. OBJECTIVE To describe the first large-scale implementation of SE in oncological neurosurgery for lesions discrimination and characterization. METHODS We analyzed retrospective data from 64 patients aiming at (i) evaluating the stiffness of the lesion and of the surrounding brain, (ii) assessing the correspondence between B-mode and SE, and (iii) performing subgroup analysis for gliomas characterization RESULTS (i) In all cases, we visualized the lesion and the surrounding brain with SE, permitting a qualitative stiffness assessment. (ii) In 90% of cases, lesion representations in B-mode and SE were superimposable with identical morphology and margins. In 64% of cases, lesion margins were sharper in SE than in B-mode. (iii) In 76% of cases, glioma margins were sharper in SE than in B-mode. Lesions morphology/dimensions in SE and in B-mode were superimposable in 89%. Low-grade (LGG) and high-grade (HGG) gliomas were significantly different in terms of stiffness and stiffness contrast between tumors and brain, LGG appearing stiffer while HGG softer than brain (all P < ·001). A threshold of 2.5 SE score had 85.7% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity in differentiating LGG from HGG. CONCLUSION SE allows to understand mechanical properties of the brain and lesions in examination and permits a better discrimination between different tissues compared to B-mode. Additionally, SE can differentiate between LGG and HGG.

scholarly journals Rare pathological variants and presentations of primary central nervous system lymphomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Neves Da Silva ◽  
Maria Beatriz Lopes ◽  
David Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
The Brain

✓ Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of primary brain neoplasm, accounting for less than 3% of all primary brain tumors. Ninety percent of cases involve a large B-cell lymphoma that presents as a homogeneously enhancing lesion or lesions, typically deep-seated in the brain parenchyma. The authors describe unusual pathological forms of PCNSLs, including low-grade, T-cell, and Burkitt types, and also rare presentations such as neurolymphomatosis and pituitary lymphomas.

scholarly journals Paediatric Embryonal Tumours in Multilayered Rosettes Presenting as a Low Grade Glioma- An Unusual Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhi Ganapathy ◽  
Nikunj Godhani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Rare Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Embryonal Tumours ◽  
The Brain

Paediatric Embryonal Tumours in Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR) are rare aggressive tumours with poor survival statistics, defined in 2016 by World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of brain tumours. The tumours have a characteristic radiological appearance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain, which is easily decipherable. This combined with a clinical picture of raised intracranial pressure symptoms, seizures and rapidly progressive new onset neurological deficits make the diagnosis fairly obvious. The final confirmation of the diagnosis is done by immunohistochemical analysis of the C19Myc gene alteration. Rarely, certain radiological presentations are uncharacteristic and resemble other more benign pathologies with overlapping clinical presentations. This can be misleading, as ETMRs require aggressive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation to ensure best possible survival. We present such a case report of what appeared to be a low-grade glioma in the frontal lobe. This tumour presented with one episode of generalised tonic clonic seizures not unusual as a presenting complaint in low-grade gliomas per se. Surgical debulking under ultrasonic guidance was done and the specimen was sent to histopathological analysis. The histopathological analysis showed a surprise ETMR diagnosis which was sent for confirmation to two other centers. This case report highlights the need to keep ETMRs as a rare differential diagnosis for even low-grade gliomas of the brain, thereby allowing accurate prognostication only after histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. We present a brief literature review on unusual presentations of ETMRs reported in literature to further illustrate the chimeric nature of this rare disease.

scholarly journals A Review on Brain Tumor Classification Methodologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bichitra Panda ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Tumor Classification ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumor is one of the leading disease in the world. So automated identification and classification of tumors are important for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is widely used modality for imaging brain. Brain tumor classification refers to classify the brain MR images as normal or abnormal, benign or malignant, low grade or high grade or types. This paper reviews various techniques used for the classification of brain tumors from MR images. Brain tumor classification can be divided into three phases as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. As segmentation is not mandatory for classification, hence resides in the first phase. The feature extraction phase also contains feature reduction. DWT is efficient for both preprocessing and feature extraction. Texture analysis based on GLCM gives better features for classification where PCA reduces the feature vector maintaining the accuracy of classification of brain MRI. Shape features are important where segmentation has already been performed. The use of SVM along with appropriate kernel techniques can help in classifying the brain tumors from MRI. High accuracy has been achieved to classify brain MRI as normal or abnormal, benign or malignant and low grade or high grade. But classifying the tumors into more particular types is more challenging.

Narrowing down the Common Cytogenetic Deletion 14q to a 5.6-Mb Critical Region in 1p/19q Codeletion Oligodendroglioma-Relapsed Patients Points to Two Potential Relapse-Related Genes: SEL1L and STON2

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Miguel A. Guzman ◽  
Jacqueline R. Batanian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Genomic Hybridization ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

Based on a literature review and our database, we report on the smallest 14q deletion identified in a brain tumor characterized by 1p/19q codeletion low-grade oligodendroglioma. In 2013, array-comparative genomic hybridization of the brain tumor revealed 1p/19q codeletion as a sole abnormality. In 2019, the patient relapsed showing additional abnormalities including a 14q deletion of 16.5 Mb at 14q24.2q31.3. This region overlaps with 2 previously identified minimal regions, 14q21.2q24.3 and 14q31.3q32.1, based on 142 cases of glioma. The authors reported no correlation between these 2 regions and survival. By extracting these 2 regions from our patient's deletion and comparing it to 12 other cases of 1p/19q codeletion oligodendrogliomas reported in the literature, we narrowed down the 14q loss possible critical region to 5.6 Mb mapping at 14q31.1q31.2. This region contains 2 potential relapse-related genes: SEL1L and STON2.

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