scholarly journals One Health approach in the prevention and control of mycobacterial infections in Tanzania: lessons learnt and future perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugwesa Z. Katale ◽  
Erasto V. Mbugi ◽  
Julius D. Keyyu ◽  
Robert D. Fyumagwa ◽  
Mark M. Rweyemamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background One Health (OH) is an integrated approach, formed inclusive of using multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for humans, animals, and the environment. The increasing proximity between humans, livestock, and wildlife, and its role in the transmission dynamics of mycobacterial infections, necessitates an OH approach in the surveillance of zoonotic diseases. The challenge remains as humans, livestock, and wildlife share resources and interact at various interfaces. Therefore, this review explores the potential of the OH approach to understand the impact of mycobacterial infections in Tanzania in terms of lessons learnt and future perspectives. Materials and methods Available literature on OH and mycobacterial infections in Tanzania was searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Articles on mycobacterial infections in Tanzania, published between 1997 to 2017, were retrieved to explore the information on OH and mycobacterial infections. Main body The studies conducted in Tanzania had have reported a wide diversity of mycobacterial species in humans and animals, which necessitates an OH approach in surveillance of diseases for better control of infectious agents and to safeguard the health of humans and animals. The close proximity between humans and animals increases the chances of inter-specific transmission of infectious pathogens, including drug-resistant mycobacteria. In an era where HIV co-infection is also the case, opportunistic infection by environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), commonly known as mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) may further exacerbate the impact of drug resistance. NTM from various sources have greatest potential for diverse strains among which are resistant strains due to continued evolutional changes. Conclusion A collaborative interdisciplinary approach among professionals could help in solving the threats posed by mycobacterial infections to public health, particularly by the spread of drug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Putting the Age of Criminal and Tort Liability into Context: A Dialogue between Law and Psychology

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Law And Psychology ◽  
Capacity Responsibility ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe concepts of 'liability age' and 'capacity responsibility' have been widely dissected by researchers in various fields. However, their application to both criminal and tort liability of children remains inconsistent. Furthermore, rarely has an interdisciplinary approach adequately dealt with these concepts and their impact on legal norms. This text investigates the notion of criminal and tort liability age in connection with the notion of capacity responsibility, in relation to children, and further questions the adequacy of the relevant legal norms. This endeavour to improve the applicable legal norms is supported by an analysis of the pertinent findings in the field of psychology, particularly in respect of the moral development of children. Informed by an excursion through the ideas of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan, among others, regarding the moral development of children, the text also serves to assess the impact of concepts of moral responsibility and maturity, in relation to the development of the legal norms, which determine the age of liability of children. The text concludes with a proposal for a criminal and tort liability age framework, based upon indicative/presumptive age milestones, and an integrated approach to all relevant circumstances in casu.

scholarly journals Putting the age of criminal and tort liability into context: a dialogue between law and psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Law And Psychology ◽  
Capacity Responsibility ◽  
The Impact

The concepts of ‘liability age’ and ‘capacity responsibility’ have been widely dissected by researchers in various fields. However, their application to both criminal and tort liability of children remains inconsistent. Furthermore, rarely has an interdisciplinary approach adequately dealt with these concepts and their impact on legal norms. This text investigates the notion of criminal and tort liability age in connection with the notion of capacity responsibility, in relation to children, and further questions the adequacy of the relevant legal norms. This endeavour to improve the applicable legal norms is supported by an analysis of the pertinent findings in the field of psychology, particularly in respect of the moral development of children. Informed by an excursion through the ideas of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan, among others, regarding the moral development of children, the text also serves to assess the impact of concepts of moral responsibility and maturity, in relation to the development of the legal norms, which determine the age of liability of children. The text concludes with a proposal for a criminal and tort liability age framework, based upon indicative/presumptive age milestones, and an integrated approach to all relevant circumstances in casu.

scholarly journals Development of a technological platfom for creating innovative anti-tb drugs effective against multi-drug-resistant strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
V. N. Danilenko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

This article tackles the issue of the growing morbidity and mortality caused by multi-drug-resistant (extreme drug-resistant) tuberculosis (TB). This issue is aggravated by the alarming rise of immunocompromized patients and immigration worldwide. In order to solve this problem, an interdisciplinary approach is needed. Here we offer to: (1) develop innovative diagnostic techniques for identifying dangerous lineages of TB with mutations and drug resistance genes; (2) develop antibiotics with new modes of action effective against multiple drug resistance and extreme drug-resistant strains of TB and HIV; (3) develop new genetically engineered vaccines; and, (4) develop new vaccine adjuvants based on probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium stains, with selective immunomodulatory activity.

Sustainable Development Goals as a Framework for Postgraduate Future Research Following COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Norm for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 234763112097206
Author(s):  
Ushotanefe Useh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose and Significance: Education is regarded as the key to economic development, and COVID-19 has provided all universities the unique opportunity to urgently address their fitness for purpose. Universities can play a significant role in contributing to a more sustainable world by mainstreaming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at postgraduate levels. The opportunity to utilize United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) as the framework for postgraduate projects in solving real world’s challenges in our communities after the COVID-19 pandemic was explored. Main Body: One way of ensuring concomitant attainments of the SDGs with community development is that post-COVID-19 postgraduate projects should be purposively driven to address UN SDGs to make positive social impact in our communities. Through this, higher education institutions (HEIs) will be contributing in no little measures to human capital and social development with sustainable developments driven through interdisciplinary approach. Conclusion: The research products upon the completion of master’s and doctoral studies from our different universities should be purposively designed in accordance with the UN SDGs and universities’ visions to solve real-life challenges and therefore make social impacts in our communities. All HEIs should embrace an integrated approach by designing courses with learning objectives that are clearly focused on holistic approaches to sustainable societal development.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

Assessing the sustainability of the Siberian Federal District regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-908
Author(s):  
T.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of functioning of the region as a system. Objectives. The article aims to identify the problems of the region's functioning as a system, develop methodological tools to monitor the sustainable development of the Siberian Federal District territories, and determine the the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, statistical, and empirical analyses taking into account an integrated approach. Results. The article reveals the impact of some individual components of regional development on the sustainability of the territorial system as a whole. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the sustainability of regions' development.

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

Assessment of the influence of the spatial environment on the socio-economic development of the municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
K. N. Yusupov ◽  
V. M. Timiryanova, ◽  
Iu. S. Toktamysheva ◽  
A. F. Zimin,
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a methodology for assessing the impact of spatial environment on the socioeconomic development of municipalities. It relies on existing tools for assessing the state and potential of the geographical location of municipalities. An integrated approach allows to determine the potential of the interaction of the municipality with the neighbors of the first and second order. The methodology was tested on statistical data on the Blagovarsky municipal district.

Detecting human cytomegalovirus drug resistant mutations and monitoring the emergence of resistant strains using real-time PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina Volfova ◽  
Martina Lengerova ◽  
Jana Lochmanova ◽  
Dana Dvorakova ◽  
Dita Ricna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Review on Sublethal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Di Noi ◽  
Silvia Casini ◽  
Tommaso Campani ◽  
Giampiero Cai ◽  
Ilaria Caliani
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees’ populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in Apis mellifera, collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees’ life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which A. mellifera biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. A. mellifera was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.

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