scholarly journals Impact of early-life rearing history on gut microbiome succession and performance of Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yale Deng ◽  
Fotini Kokou ◽  
Ep H. Eding ◽  
Marc C. J. Verdegem
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Background Fish gut microbial colonisation starts during larval stage and plays an important role in host’s growth and health. To what extent first colonisation could influence the gut microbiome succession and growth in later life remains unknown. In this study, Nile tilapia embryos were incubated in two different environments, a flow-through system (FTS) and a biofloc system (BFS); hatched larvae were subsequently cultured in the systems for 14 days of feeding (dof). Fish were then transferred to one common recirculating aquaculture system (RAS1, common garden, 15–62 dof), followed by a growth trial in another RAS (RAS2, growth trial, 63–105 dof). In RAS2, fish were fed with two types of diet, differing in non-starch polysaccharide content. Our aim was to test the effect of rearing environment on the gut microbiome development, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia during post-larvae stages. Results Larvae cultured in the BFS showed better growth and different gut microbiome, compared to FTS. After the common garden, the gut microbiome still showed differences in species composition, while body weight was similar. Long-term effects of early life rearing history on fish gut microbiome composition, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balances were not observed. Still, BFS-reared fish had more gut microbial interactions than FTS-reared fish. A temporal effect was observed in gut microbiome succession during fish development, although a distinct number of core microbiome remained present throughout the experimental period. Conclusion Our results indicated that the legacy effect of first microbial colonisation of the fish gut gradually disappeared during host development, with no differences in gut microbiome composition and growth performance observed in later life after culture in a common environment. However, early life exposure of larvae to biofloc consistently increased the microbial interactions in the gut of juvenile Nile tilapia and might possibly benefit gut health.

scholarly journals Maternal effects on early-life gut microbiome maturation in a wild nonhuman primate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Baniel ◽  
Lauren Petrullo ◽  
Arianne Mercer ◽  
Laurie Reitsema ◽  
Sierra Sams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
First Time

Early-life gut microbial colonization is an important process shaping host physiology, immunity and long-term health outcomes in humans and other animals. However, our understanding of this dynamic process remains poorly investigated in wild animals, where developmental mechanisms can be better understood within ecological and evolutionary relevant contexts. Using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing on 525 fecal samples from a large cohort of infant and juvenile geladas (Theropithecus gelada), we characterized gut microbiome maturation during the first three years of life and assessed the role of maternal effects in shaping offspring microbiome assembly. Microbial diversity increased rapidly in the first months of life, followed by more gradual changes until weaning. As expected, changes in gut microbiome composition and function with increasing age reflected progressive dietary transitions: in early infancy when infants rely heavily on their mother's milk, microbes that facilitate milk glycans and lactose utilization dominated, while later in development as graminoids are progressively introduced into the diet, microbes that metabolize plant complex polysaccharides became dominant. Furthermore, the microbial community of nursing infants born to first-time (primiparous) mothers was more "milk-oriented" compared to similarly-aged infants born to experienced (multiparous) mothers. Comparisons of matched mother-offspring fecal samples to random dyads did not support vertical transmission as a conduit for these maternal effects, which instead could be explained by slower phenotypic development (and associated slower gut microbiome maturation) in infants born to first-time mothers. Together, our findings highlight the dynamic nature of gut colonization

Effect of xylanase and live yeast supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiome diversity of pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Lu ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Helen Masey O'Neill ◽  
Casey Bradley ◽  
Mike R. Bedford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Live Yeast

Effect of Xylanase (Xyl) and live yeast (LY) supplementation on gut microbiome composition, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs was determined. A total of 180 weanling pigs were assigned to 5 treatments from weaning to market. Treatments were designated based on whether Xyl, LY or their combination were fed in the first two weeks postweaning or thereafter until finishing at d 141 postweaning. Treatments were (d 1- 15; d 15-141): control-control, control-Xyl, Xyl-Xyl, LY-Xyl, Xyl+LY-Xyl. Xylanase was added at 16,000 BXU/kg and LY at 1 kg/t. Pigs fed with LY and LY+Xyl from d 0-15 had greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at d 15 compared with control (P < 0.05). Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA was higher in LY and LY+Xyl groups on d 15 compared with control (P < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation from week 2 postweaning increased ATTD of GE, N and P on d 43. Live yeast with or without Xyl improved growth performance in the first 2 weeks after weaning; Xyl+LY-Xyl and control-Xyl groups had improved overall feed efficiency. In conclusion, LY and Xyl supplementation improved performance of weanling pigs in the first 2 weeks after weaning with no effects on long-term growth performance.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterial Dominance of the Gut in Early Life and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana H. Taft ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez ◽  
Samir Akre ◽  
M. Nazmul Huda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Swedish Cohort

ABSTRACTBifidobacteriumspecies are important commensals capable of dominating the infant gut microbiome, in part by producing acids that suppress growth of other taxa.Bifidobacteriumspecies are less prone to possessing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs) than other taxa that may colonize infants. Given that AMR is a growing public health crisis and ARGs are present in the gut microbiome of humans from early life, this study examines the correlation between aBifidobacterium-dominated infant gut microbiome and AMR levels, measured by a culture-independent metagenomic approach both in early life and as infants become toddlers. In general,Bifidobacteriumdominance is associated with a significant reduction in AMR in a Bangladeshi cohort, both in the number of acquired AMR genes present and in the abundance of AMR genes. However, by year 2, Bangladeshi infants had no significant differences in AMR related to their early-lifeBifidobacteriumlevels. A generalized linear model including all infants in a previously published Swedish cohort found a significant negative association between log-transformed total AMR andBifidobacteriumlevels, thus confirming the relationship betweenBifidobacteriumlevels and AMR. In both cohorts, there was no change between early-life and later-life AMR abundance in high-Bifidobacteriuminfants but a significant reduction in AMR abundance in low-Bifidobacteriuminfants. These results support the hypothesis that earlyBifidobacteriumdominance of the infant gut microbiome may help reduce colonization by taxa containing ARGs.IMPORTANCEInfants are vulnerable to an array of infectious diseases, and as the gut microbiome may serve as a reservoir of AMR for pathogens, reducing the levels of AMR in infants is important to infant health. This study demonstrates that high levels ofBifidobacteriumare associated with reduced levels of AMR in early life and suggests that probiotic interventions to increase infantBifidobacteriumlevels have the potential to reduce AMR in infants. However, this effect is not sustained at year 2 of age in Bangladeshi infants, underscoring the need for more detailed studies of the biogeography and timing of infant AMR acquisition.

Long‐lasting Effects of Early‐life Western Diet and Exercise on Adult Gut Microbiome Composition in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Monica P. McNamara ◽  
Marcell D. Cadney ◽  
Jennifer M. Singleton ◽  
Paul M. Ruegger ◽  
James Borneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Diet And Exercise

scholarly journals Early-life gut microbiome composition and milk allergy resolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supinda Bunyavanich ◽  
Nan Shen ◽  
Alexander Grishin ◽  
Robert Wood ◽  
Wesley Burks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Microbiome Composition

scholarly journals Nutrient digestibility of green seaweed Ulva meal and the influence on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Lusi Herawati Suryaningrum ◽  
Reza Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Ulva Meal ◽  
Growth Trial

Green seaweed Ulva had a high growth rate and spread in all of Indonesian waters. Species Ulva had a complete nutrient content that made it potential to be used as an alternative fish feed ingredient. This experiment was conducted in two series of trial, digestibility measurement of Ulva meal and its effects on the growth performance of the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). In measuring the nutrient digestibility, a protein rich diet was formulated with a test diet in which 30% of the reference diet was replaced with Ulva meal, used Cr2O3 as an inert marker. Fish with initial weight about 16±0.35 g were stocked with a density of 15 fish per aquarium and collecting faeces is carried out until sufficient sample was available for analysis. The growth trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The experimental diets were U0 (Ulva 0%), U10 (Ulva 10%), U20 (Ulva 20%) and U30 (Ulva 30%).  The Nile tilapia with an average body weight of 3.42±0.01 g, were stocked into the 60x50x50 cm aquaria with 25 fish in each tank and cultured for 60 days. Fish were fed three times daily on those diets at satiation level. The parameters which evaluated were specific growth rate, protein retention, lipid retention, feed efficiency, survival rate and blood hematology of the Nile tilapia. The results of digestibility measurement showed that Ulva meal had acceptable nutrients as an ingredient in Nile tilapia diet. Protein digestibility of Ulva meal was 87.36%, while lipid was 93.05%. The results of growth trial revealed that fish fed on 10% Ulva meal tended to have highest growth performance than those fed to the control, while the survival rate and fish health seemed not to be affected directly (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Infant Weight Gain Trajectories Linked to Oral Microbiome Composition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. C. Craig ◽  
Daniel Blankenberg ◽  
Alice Carla Luisa Parodi ◽  
Ian M. Paul ◽  
Leann L. Birch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Microbiome Composition

ABSTRACTGut and oral microbiome perturbations have been observed in obese adults and adolescents. Less is known about how weight gain in early childhood is influenced by gut, and particularly oral, microbiomes. Here we analyze the relationships among weight gain and gut and oral microbiomes in 226 two-year-olds who were followed during the first two years of life, as part of a larger study, with weight and length measured at seven time points. We used these data to identify children with rapid weight gain (a strong risk factor for childhood obesity), and to derive growth curves with novel Functional Data Analysis (FDA) techniques. The children’s oral and gut microbiomes were sampled at the end of the two-year period, and surveyed with 16S sequencing. First, we show that growth curves are associated negatively with diversity and positively with Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio of the oral microbiome – a relationship that is also observed in children with rapid (vs. non-rapid) weight gain. We also demonstrate an association between the gut microbiome and child growth, but only when considering the effect of diet on the microbiome. Lastly, we identify several bacterial genera that are associated with child growth patterns. These results suggest that by the age of two, the oral microbiome may have already begun to establish patterns often seen in older obese individuals. They also suggest that the gut microbiome, while strongly influenced by diet, at age two does not harbor obesity signatures many researchers identified in later life stages.

Microbiome composition differences among breeds impact feed efficiency in swine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bergamaschi ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Jeremy Howard ◽  
Yi Jian Huang ◽  
Kent A. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Feed efficiency is a crucial parameter in swine production given both its economic and environmental impact. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in nutrient digestibility and is therefore likely to affect feed efficiency. This study aimed to characterize feed efficiency, production traits, and gut microbiome composition of three major breeds of domesticated swine, and to investigate a possible link between feed efficiency and gut microbiota composition. Results Average daily feed intake ( ADFI ), average daily gain ( ADG ), feed conversion ratio ( FCR ), residual feed intake ( RFI ), backfat, loin depth, and intramuscular fat of 615 pigs belonging to the Duroc ( DR ), Landrace ( LR ), and Large White ( LW ) breeds were measured. Gut microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Orthogonal contrasts between paternal line (DR) and maternal lines (LR+LW) and between the two maternal lines (LR versus LW) were performed. Average daily feed intake and ADG were statistically different with DR having lower ADFI and ADG compared to LR and LW. Landrace and LW had a similar ADG and RFI, with higher ADFI and FCR for LW. Alpha diversity was higher in the fecal microbial communities of LR pigs than in those of DR and LW pigs for all time points considered. Duroc communities had significantly higher proportional representation of the Catenibacterium and Clostridium genera compared to LR and LW, while LR pigs had significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides than LW for all time points considered. We identified several amplicon sequencing variants members of certain genera including Anaerovibrio , Bacteroides , Blautia , Clostridium , Dorea , Eubacterium , Faecalibacterium , Lactobacillus, Oscillibacter , and Ruminococcus significantly associated with feed efficiency of pigs for all time points considered. Conclusions In this study we characterized differences in the composition of the fecal microbiota of three commercially relevant breeds of swine, both over time and between breeds. Correlations between different microbiome compositions and feed efficiency were established. This suggests that the microbial community may contribute in shaping host productive parameters. Moreover, our study provides important insights to understand how the intestinal microbial community might influence the host energy harvesting capacity. A deeper understanding of this process may allow us to modulate the gut microbiome for more efficient animals.

scholarly journals Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae Integration Into the Gut Microbiome at Key Time Points in Early Life are Critical for Neurodevelopment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Oliphant ◽  
Mehneez Ali ◽  
Mark D'Souza ◽  
Patrick D. Hughes ◽  
Dinanath Sulakhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Abstract Background: The early life microbiome plays critical roles in host development, shaping long-term outcomes including brain functioning. It is not known which initial infant colonizers elicit optimal neurodevelopment; thus, this study investigated the association between gut microbiome succession from the first week of life and head circumference growth (HCG), the earliest validated marker for neurodevelopment. Faecal samples were collected weekly from a preterm infant cohort during their neonatal intensive care unit stay and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing for evaluating gut microbiome composition, in conjunction with clinical data and head circumference measurements. Results: Preterm infants with suboptimal HCG trajectories had a depletion in the abundance/prevalence of Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae, independent of morbidity and caloric restriction. The severity of gut microbiome depletion matched the timing of significant HCG pattern separation between study groups at 30 weeks postmenstrual age. Consideration of the clinical variables indicated that optimal infant microbiome succession is primarily driven by dispersal limitation (i.e., delivery mode) and secondarily by habitat filtering (i.e., antibiotics and enteral feeding). Conclusions: Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae are known core taxa of the adult microbiome, with roles in dietary glycan foraging, beneficial metabolite production and immunity, and our work provides strong evidence that their integration into the gut microbiome needs to occur early for optimal neurodevelopment.

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