scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium are associated with the modification of gut microbiota and shrimp post-larvae survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicong Du ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Xiaolin Huang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Predicted Function

Abstract Background Probiotics are widely used to promote host health. Compared to mammals and terrestrial invertebrates, little is known the role of probiotics in aquatic invertebrates. In this study, eighteen tanks with eight hundred of shrimp post-larvae individuals each were randomly grouped into three groups, one is shrimps administered with E. faecium as probiotic (Tre) and others are shrimps without probiotic-treatment (CK1: blank control, CK2: medium control). We investigated the correlations between a kind of commercial Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) powder and microbiota composition with function potentials in shrimp post-larvae gut. Results We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (V4) of gut samples to assess diversity and composition of the shrimp gut microbiome and used differential abundance and Tax4Fun2 analyses to identify the differences of taxonomy and predicted function between different treatment groups. The ingested probiotic bacteria (E. faecium) were tracked in gut microbiota of Tre and the shrimps here showed the best growth performance especially in survival ratio (SR). The distribution of SR across samples was similar to that in PCoA plot based on Bray-Curits and two subgroups generated (SL: SR < 70%, SH: SR ≥ 70%). The gut microbiota structure and predicted function were correlated with both treatment and SR, and SR was a far more important factor driving taxonomic and functional differences than treatment. Both Tre and SH showed a low and uneven community species and shorted phylogenetic distance. We detected a shift in composition profile at phylum and genus level and further identified ten OTUs as relevant taxa that both closely associated with treatment and SR. The partial least squares path model further supported the important role of relevant taxa related to shrimp survival ratio. Conclusions Overall, we found gut microbiota correlated to both shrimp survival and ingested probiotic bacteria (E. faecium). These correlations should not be dismissed without merit and will uncover a promising strategy for developing novel probiotics through certain consortium of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenhai Gong ◽  
Yinglin Feng ◽  
Yunong Zeng ◽  
Huanrui Zhang ◽  
Meiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

scholarly journals Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Karolina Ferenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

scholarly journals The effects of gestational age on the composition and predicted function of gut microbiota in neonates and early infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Pan ◽  
Lianfang Yu ◽  
Chengyue Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Zhan ◽  
Rongliang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Predicted Function

Gut microbiota can influence cell differentiation, metabolism, and immune function and is key for the normal development and future health of early infants. Several factors have been reported to be related to the microbiota composition of neonates, such as gestational age, delivery mode, feeding method, antibiotics consumption, and ethnicity, among others. So we investigated the relationship between gestational age and the composition and predicted function of the gut microbiota of neonates and early infants by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene present in stool samples obtained from 100 prospectively enrolled full-term and preterm newborns. In the 3-day-old neonates samples, the prominent genera in the full-term group were Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, while in the preterm group, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium were the most abundant genera identified. There were statistical difference between two groups(P<0.05). Moreover, the predominant genera in the full-term group were Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium , whereas the main genera in the preterm group were Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, in stool samples from 30-42-day-old infants. We found the α-diversity in 3-day-old group was significantly lower than in the 30-42-day-old group whether it’s full-term or preterm (P<0.001). Functional inference analysis revealed higher levels of biodegradation and metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins in the full-term group than in the preterm group, both in neonates and early infants, which may contribute to the stability of the microbiota in the full-term group. There were significant differences in the composition and predicted function of the gut microbiota of early infants due to gestational age. The 16S sequencing technology was an effective and reliable tool in the detection of gut microbiota in early infants.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yue-feng Li ◽  
Chuan-rui Zhu ◽  
Xue-lei Gong ◽  
Hui-ling Li ◽  
Li-kuan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

The very low birth weight (VLBW) infant is at great risk for marked dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, a total of 36 VLBW infants were randomly divided into two groups, who were treated with combined probiotics and placebo, and 72 fecal specimens on days 14 and 28 of life were collected from them. Finally, 32 fecal specimens extracted from 16 preterm VLBW infants were qualified and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The primary outcome was to evaluate the change of gut microbiota in VLBW infants after combined probiotic supplement. The secondary outcome was to analyze the correlation gut microbial composition and levels of cytokines. We found that probiotic treatment, but not placebo, decreased the α-diversity of gut microbiota in VLBW infants. At the phylum level, probiotic treatment strongly increased the abundance of Firmicutes, whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly reduced. At the family level, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae became prevalent after probiotic treatment, while the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the meantime. Most notably, significant correlations were observed between Lactobacillaceae abundance and serum cytokine levels. Further studies are required to shed more light on the characteristics of gut microbiota of VLBW neonates. And the modulation of microbiota should be considered to improve the survival rate of VLBW infants.

scholarly journals Inbreeding Alters the Gut Microbiota of the Banna Minipig

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Limin Wei ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Fanli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Isoleucine Metabolism ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predicted Function

The gut microbiota coevolve with the host and can be stably transmitted to the offspring. Host genetics plays a crucial role in the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. Inbreeding can cause a decrease of the host’s genetic diversity and the heterozygosity. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the differences of gut microbiota between the Diannan small-ear pig and Banna minipig inbred, aiming to understand the impact of inbreeding on the gut microbiota. Three dominant bacteria (Stenotrophlomonas, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus) were steadily enriched in both the Diannan small-ear pig and Banna minipig inbred. After inbreeding, the gut microbiota alpha diversity and some potential probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Tricibacter, Ruminocaccae, Christensenellaceae, etc.) were significantly decreased, while the pathogenic Klebsiella bacteria was significantly increased. In addition, the predicted metagenomic analysis (PICRUSt2) indicated that several amino acid metabolisms (‘‘Valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism’’, ‘‘Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis’’, ‘‘Histidine metabolism’’) were also markedly decreased after the inbreeding. Altogether our data reveal that host inbreeding altered the composition and the predicted function of the gut microbiome, which provides some data for the gut microbiota during inbreeding.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Dietary Capsaicin against Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Associated Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Kang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Kanakaraju Kaliannan ◽  
Xiaolan Wang ◽  
Hedong Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

ABSTRACT Metabolic endotoxemia originating from dysbiotic gut microbiota has been identified as a primary mediator for triggering the chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI) responsible for the development of obesity. Capsaicin (CAP) is the major pungent bioactivator in chili peppers and has potent anti-obesity functions, yet the mechanisms linking this effect to gut microbiota remain obscure. Here we show that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with CAP exhibit lower levels of metabolic endotoxemia and CLGI associated with lower body weight gain. High-resolution responses of the microbiota were examined by 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements, and phylogenetic reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis. The results showed, among others, that dietary CAP induced increased levels of butyrate-producing Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, while it caused lower levels of members of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing family S24_7. Predicted function analysis (PICRUSt) showed depletion of genes involved in bacterial LPS synthesis in response to CAP. We further identified that inhibition of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) by CAP also contributes to prevention of HFD-induced gut barrier dysfunction. Importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation experiments conducted in germfree mice demonstrated that dietary CAP-induced protection against HFD-induced obesity is transferrable. Moreover, microbiota depletion by a cocktail of antibiotics was sufficient to block the CAP-induced protective phenotype against obesity, further suggesting the role of microbiota in this context. Together, our findings uncover an interaction between dietary CAP and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-obesity effect of CAP acting through prevention of microbial dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. IMPORTANCE Metabolic endotoxemia due to gut microbial dysbiosis is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), which primarily mediates the development of obesity. A dietary strategy to reduce endotoxemia appears to be an effective approach for addressing the issue of obesity. Capsaicin (CAP) is the major pungent component in red chili (genus Capsicum). Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in the anti-obesity effect of CAP. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that CAP significantly increased butyragenic bacteria and decreased LPS-producing bacteria (e.g., members of the S24-7 family) and LPS biosynthesis. By using antibiotics and microbiota transplantation, we prove that gut microbiota plays a causal role in dietary CAP-induced protective phenotype against high-fat-diet-induced CLGI and obesity. Moreover, CB1 inhibition was partially involved in the beneficial effect of CAP. Together, these data suggest that the gut microbiome is a critical factor for the anti-obesity effects of CAP. Metabolic endotoxemia due to gut microbial dysbiosis is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), which primarily mediates the development of obesity. A dietary strategy to reduce endotoxemia appears to be an effective approach for addressing the issue of obesity. Capsaicin (CAP) is the major pungent component in red chili (genus Capsicum). Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in the anti-obesity effect of CAP. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that CAP significantly increased butyragenic bacteria and decreased LPS-producing bacteria (e.g., members of the S24-7 family) and LPS biosynthesis. By using antibiotics and microbiota transplantation, we prove that gut microbiota plays a causal role in dietary CAP-induced protective phenotype against high-fat-diet-induced CLGI and obesity. Moreover, CB1 inhibition was partially involved in the beneficial effect of CAP. Together, these data suggest that the gut microbiome is a critical factor for the anti-obesity effects of CAP.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic analysis of 589 metagenome-assembled genomes encompassing all major prokaryotic lineages from the gut of higher termites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Hervé ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Carsten Dietrich ◽  
David Sillam-Dussès ◽  
Petr Stiblik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Automated Assignment ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Genomic Resource

“Higher” termites have been able to colonize all tropical and subtropical regions because of their ability to digest lignocellulose with the aid of their prokaryotic gut microbiota. Over the last decade, numerous studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries have largely described both the taxonomy and structure of the prokaryotic communities associated with termite guts. Host diet and microenvironmental conditions have emerged as the main factors structuring the microbial assemblages in the different gut compartments. Additionally, these molecular inventories have revealed the existence of termite-specific clusters that indicate coevolutionary processes in numerous prokaryotic lineages. However, for lack of representative isolates, the functional role of most lineages remains unclear. We reconstructed 589 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the different gut compartments of eight higher termite species that encompass 17 prokaryotic phyla. By iteratively building genome trees for each clade, we significantly improved the initial automated assignment, frequently up to the genus level. We recovered MAGs from most of the termite-specific clusters in the radiation of, e.g., Planctomycetes, Fibrobacteres, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, Spirochaetes, Saccharibacteria, and Firmicutes, which to date contained only few or no representative genomes. Moreover, the MAGs included abundant members of the termite gut microbiota. This dataset represents the largest genomic resource for arthropod-associated microorganisms available to date and contributes substantially to populating the tree of life. More importantly, it provides a backbone for studying the metabolic potential of the termite gut microbiota, including the key members involved in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles, and important clues that may help cultivating representatives of these understudied clades.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillaceae on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity: A Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Oscarsson ◽  
Åsa Håkansson ◽  
Carin Andrén Aronsson ◽  
Göran Molin ◽  
Daniel Agardh
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Disturbances of the gut microbiota may influence the development of various autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementations with the probiotic bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 8700:2, on the microbial community in children with celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA). The study included 78 genetically predisposed children for celiac disease with elevated levels of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA) signaling for ongoing CDA. Among those children, 38 received a placebo and 40 received the probiotic supplement daily for 6 months. Fecal and plasma samples were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, respectively. The bacterial community was investigated with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and tTGA levels were measured in radiobinding assays. In children that received probiotic supplementation, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae increased over time, while it remained unchanged in the placebo group. There was no overall correlation between tTGA levels and bacterial genus except for a positive correlation between Dialister and IgG-tTG in the probiotic group. The abundance of specific bacterial amplicon sequence variant (ASV:s) changed during the study in both groups, indicating that specific bacterial strains might be affected by probiotic supplementation.

scholarly journals B7 Family Molecule VSIG4 Regulates Intestinal Anti-Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Immunity by Altering Gut Flora Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Zhili He ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Saisai Gong ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Yakun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
B7 Family ◽  
Immunoglobulin Domain ◽  
Flora Diversity

As an essential member of the B7 family, V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is expressed explicitly in tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) and plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the environmental immune system. Here, we demonstrate that gene-targeted VSIG4-deficient mice infected with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) display reduced bacterial burden. To reveal the role of VSIG4 in the fight against EHEC infection, we collected mice feces and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicons to detect changes in the flora. A total of 657330 sequences were sequenced on the PacBio platform, with an average length of 1498 bp. We found that VSIG4 deficiency could alter the gut microbiota by increasing diversity and shifting community composition. In particular, G_Akkermansia and G_Oscillo spiraceae increased significantly. These findings expand upon a prior observation that VSIG4 deficiency reduced EHEC colonization by changing the gut microbiota diversity and shifting community composition.

scholarly journals Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Peris M. Munyaka ◽  
Fany Blanc ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Gaëtan Lemonnier ◽  
Jean-Jacques Leplat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Time Points

The gut microbiota comprises a large and diverse community of bacteria that play a significant role in swine health. Indeed, there is a tight association between the enteric immune system and the overall composition and richness of the microbiota, which is key in the induction, training and function of the host immunity, and may therefore, influence the immune response to vaccination. Using vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) as a model, we investigated the potential of early-life gut microbiota in predicting vaccine response and explored the post-vaccination dynamics of fecal microbiota at later time points. At 28 days of age (0 days post-vaccination; dpv), healthy piglets were vaccinated, and a booster vaccine was administered at 21 dpv. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 28, 35, and 118 dpv to measure M. hyo-specific IgG levels. Fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected at 0, 21, 35, and 118 dpv. The results showed variability in antibody response among individual pigs, whilst pre-vaccination operational taxonomic units (OTUs) primarily belonging to Prevotella, [Prevotella], Anaerovibrio, and Sutterella appeared to best-predict vaccine response. Microbiota composition did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs at post-vaccination time points, but the time effect was significant irrespective of the animals’ vaccination status. Our study provides insight into the role of pre-vaccination gut microbiota composition in vaccine response and emphasizes the importance of studies on full metagenomes and microbial metabolites aimed at deciphering the role of specific bacteria and bacterial genes in the modulation of vaccine response.

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