scholarly journals Correlation of clinical staging and MRI staging for cervical cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supajit Nawapun ◽  
Chalida Aphinives ◽  
Wiranya Srisitthiprapha ◽  
Komsan Thamronganantasakul ◽  
Amornrat Temtanakitpaisan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Mri Staging ◽  
Organ Invasion

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a major public health problem for women. Accurate staging may lead to proper management of cervical cancer. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with cervical cancer who underwent pre-treatment MRI between January 2009 and December 2018 and analyzed the correlation between the clinical staging and MRI staging. Results Correlation of overall clinical and MRI staging by percent agreement is moderate (73.9%), but the kappa coefficient showed a slight correlation. The correlation of clinical and MRI findings in the vaginal invasion, pelvic sidewall invasion, adjacent pelvic organ invasion, and spreading to distant organ also showed moderate-to-strong correlation by percent agreement (ranging from 67.6 to 91.9%) but slight correlation between clinical and MRI examinations by kappa or weighted kappa coefficient (K = 0.000–0.128w). Conclusion In patients with cervical cancer, pretreatment MRI provides higher spatial soft tissue resolution which can define pelvic tumor extent, including a more accurate assessment of tumor size (due to multiplanar evaluation), parametrial invasion, pelvic sidewall invasion, and adjacent pelvic organ invasion. This could potentially lead to a reduction in staging morbidity by invasive investigation such as cystoscopy and proctoscopy.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer in Iquitos, Peru: local realities to guide prevention planning

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Cancer Experience

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Latin America, and in much of the underdeveloped world. This issue has not historically been addressed as a health priority, but in recent years is receiving increased attention and funding. This ethnographic study on the experience of cervical cancer was conducted in Iquitos, Peru, between August 1998 and May 1999. Research methodologies included: (1) observation and household interviews to obtain background knowledge about the region, medical systems, and local cultural understanding of illness; (2) cancer experience interviews; and (3) case studies of women in various stages of cervical cancer or diagnosis. Findings are presented related to local knowledge and experience of Pap smears and cervical cancer and the ineffectiveness of a recently initiated cervical cancer screening program. The findings guide recommendations for interventions in the region in relation to: (1) needed changes in health education, (2) screening frequency and age, (3) sites for screening and treatment, (4) type and availability of treatment, (5) payment issues, (6) documentation of care, and (7) the potential of herbal remedies.

scholarly journals Awareness On Cervical Cancer and Utilization of Pap-Smear (Papanicolaou) Test Among Adult Women-A Hospital Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Cervical cancer, a major public health problem and stood in the 2nd position among other cancers in women and accounts more than 84% new cases worldwide and more than 85% death from middle and low income countries. It ranks as the 1st most frequent cancer among women of age 15 to 44 years in Nepal. Purpose: To assess the awareness of cervical cancer and screening test and its practice among women in Nepal. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to August 2017 among 409 women at the Gynecology Out Patient Department (OPD) of Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu. Prior to data collection, necessary ethical approvals were taken from concern authorities and informed consents were taken from the participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with a face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed and presented in the tabular form with the frequency and percentage. To see the significant differences between variables chi square test was used and p value of <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Knowledge related factors were obtained using a Likert scale. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the women was 33.52 (9.98) years. Among total respondents, 32.8% heard about cervical cancer and among them, only 13.4 % of them had knowledge of the causative agent the HPV and about 21.1% of them had an idea about the vaccine. Women who had heard about cervical cancer, only 13% had knowledge on the Pap smear test. Among the women who have heard about cervical cancer, only 23.9% of them had experienced on the Pap smear test. Among the women who had knowledge of cervical cancer (134), only 9.7% (13) of them had heard about the HPV vaccine. This study showed that heard about cervical cancer, knowledge on Pap smear test and knowledge of the HPV vaccine are significant difference with the education level of the respondents (p <0.01). Conclusion: Enrollment of women in academic education and adequate information through different media targeting eligible women is needed to raise awareness to change their behaviors to utilize the screening facility.

scholarly journals O enfermeiro na assistência à mulher com câncer de colo uterino

2015 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Carla Monteiro Santos ◽  
Doralice De Almeida Nascimento Silva ◽  
Gleise Gonçalves Passos da Silva ◽  
Tatiana Santana de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Multiple Health

O Câncer de Colo Uterino apresenta nos dias atuais um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil, necessitando cada vez mais de profissionais capacitados para o combate a essa doença maligna, minimizando sua morbimortalidade. Neste âmbito podemos destacar o Papel do enfermeiro como fundamental na transformação dessa realidade que vivemos hoje. O enfermeiro atua tanto no sentido de assistir, coordenar as práticas de cuidado, quanto no sentido de educar, promover, proteger, reabilitar essas mulheres, de forma autônoma, criativa e ativa nos múltiplos níveis de atenção à saúde, através do levantamento de hipóteses analíticas e intervenções sistematizadas de rotinas de cuidados, subsidiando falhas e promovendo continuidade e resolutividade do cuidado em saúde.Descritores: Câncer de Colo Uterino, Mulher, Enfermagem. Nurses in care woman with cervical cancerAbstract: The Cancer Cervical presents nowadays a major public health problem in Brazil, requiring more and more trained professionals to combat this evil disease, minimizing morbidity and mortality. In this context we can highlight the nurse's role as fundamental in transforming this reality we live in today. The nurse acts both to assist coordinate care practices, as to educate, promote, protect, rehabilitate these women in an autonomous, creative and active in multiple health care levels, through the lifting of analytical assumptions systematized and interventions care routines, subsidizing failure and promoting continuity and resolution of health care. Descriptors: Cervical Cancer, Women, Nursing. Enfermero en la atención la mujer con cáncer de cuello uterinoResumen: Los regalos del cáncer de cuello uterino hoy en día un importante problema de salud pública en Brasil, lo que requiere cada vez más capacitados profesionales para combatir esta enfermedad mal, lo que minimiza la morbilidad y la mortalidad. En este contexto cabe destacar el papel de la enfermera tan fundamental en la transformación de esta realidad que vivimos hoy. La enfermera actúa tanto para ayudar, coordinar las prácticas de atención, como para educar, promover, proteger, rehabilitar a estas mujeres en un autónomas, creativas y activas en múltiples niveles de atención de salud, a través de la elevación de supuestos analíticos rutinas sistematizados y las intervenciones de atención, subsidiando el fracaso y la promoción de la continuidad y de la resolución de la atención sanitaria. Descriptores: Cáncer de Cuello Uterino, Mujer, Enfermería.

scholarly journals Online reported women’s experiences of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse after vaginal birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mirskaya ◽  
Eva-Carin Lindgren ◽  
Ing-Marie Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Fertile Women

Abstract Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major public health problem with a relative high lifetime risk of surgery. The main risk factor for developing POP is vaginal birth. Many women become symptomatic later in life and most of the existing research on symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (sPOP) predominantly concentrates on the effects of the condition on postmenopausal women. However bothersome symptoms of POP can be reported as early as in women’s 20s and may occur shortly after vaginal birth. Limited studies provide an insight into daily life of fertile women with sPOP. Thus, we aimed to explore fertile women’s experiences of symptomatic pelvic organ (sPOP) after vaginal birth. Methods An inductive, text-driven approach was taken by selecting thread posts from an internet forum written by 33 Swedish fertile women who had experienced sPOP after vaginal birth. Results The overarching theme “being irreparably damaged” was identified as representing an experience of being disabled by sPOP after vaginal birth. The fertile women experienced that their lives were ruined because of physical and psychological limitations caused by this unexpected, unfamiliar and unexplained condition. Living with sPOP impinged on sexual health, restricted daily and sports activities and affected the women’s ability to fulfill everyday parental duties. This in turn compromised women’s psychological health. In addition, the negligence of healthcare professionals who tended to trivialize and normalize the symptoms led to the belief that there were no sustainable treatments and that women would have to live with bothersome symptoms of POP for rest of their lives. Conclusions This study found that sPOP had a significant negative impact on fertile women’s lives. The women indicated that they had not had the opportunity to voice their concerns and had not been taken seriously by healthcare professionals. It is of the utmost importance to acknowledge this problem and develop guidelines for prevention and management of sPOP to improve the quality of life for women.

scholarly journals Liposomes Co-Encapsulating Cisplatin/Mifepristone Improve the Effect on Cervical Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ledezma-Gallegos ◽  
Rafael Jurado ◽  
Roser Mir ◽  
Luis Alberto Medina ◽  
Laura Mondragon-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cervical Tumors

Cervical cancer is usually diagnosed in the later stages despite many campaigns for early detection and continues to be a major public health problem. The standard treatment is cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, but patient response is far from ideal. In the research for new drugs that enhance the activity of cisplatin, different therapeutic agents have been tested, among them the antiprogestin mifepristone. Nevertheless, the efficacy of cisplatin is limited by its low specificity for tumor tissue, which causes severe side effects. Additionally, cervical tumors often become drug resistant. These problems could possibly be addressed by the use of liposome nanoparticles to encapsulate drugs and deliver them to the target. The aim of this study was to prepare liposome nanoparticles that co-encapsulate cisplatin and mifepristone, evaluate their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and in vivo with subcutaneous inoculations of xenografts in nu/nu mice, and examine some plausible mechanisms of action. The liposomes were elaborated by the reverse-phase method and characterized by physicochemical tests. The nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 109 ± 5.4 nm and a Zeta potential of −38.7 ± 1.2 mV, the latter parameter indicating a stable formulation. These drug-loaded liposomes significantly decreased cell viability in vitro and tumor size in vivo, without generating systemic toxicity in the animals. There was evidence of cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. The promising results with the co-encapsulation of cisplatin/mifepristone warrant further research.

scholarly journals Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA) as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Cervical Pre-Cancer & Cancer.

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Zebunnessa Parvin ◽  
Lutfun Naher ◽  
Sanjoy Kumar Das ◽  
Shafeya Khanam ◽  
Nasrin Rosy
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Programs

Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem in Bangladesh in the absence of satisfactory and organized cervical screening programs. World Health Organization (WHO) considered cervical cancer as a preventable disease, as it can be identified in the pre-invasive stage. Visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is an effective, inexpensive screening test that can be combined with simple treatment procedure for early cervical lesions, provided by trained health workers. To evaluate the value of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for early detection of cervical pre-cancer and cancer in low resource country like Bangladesh, diluted acetic acid 5% was applied to the cervix and visual inspection was done. VIA tests were done for at least 3 years interval, in case of married woman, for cervical cancer screening. Women with positive results were sent for colposcopy. From January to December 2014, in Gynae OPD of the Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, a total of 2000 women were screened by VIA test. Fourty-one VIA positive cases were identified and referred for colposcopy. Out of 41 cases, 27 patients underwent colposcopic examination, among them CIN-1 was found in 21 cases, CIN-2 in 2 cases and CIN-3 in 2 cases. However, two cases were colposcopically negative. So even during gynecological practice, if we arrange a setup for cervical screening by VIA test, many women can be saved from future development of carcinoma cervix later in their lives.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2018;13(1): 24-27

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine for Cervical Cancer Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Chowdhury Shamima Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

HPV infection is estimated to be responsible for about 5% of human cancers worldwide. Among all HPV-associated malignancies, cervical cancer is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Persistent HPV infection is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer with a prevalence of 99.7% in cervical cancer worldwide.At least 70% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18. HPV vaccination in combination with regular screening offers the most effective way for women to be protected against cervical cancer.The global burden of cervical cancer falls heaviest on the developing countries which haven’t introduced the HPV vaccine as part of their national public health strategy to prevent and control cervical cancer. Different studies showed a drop in the prevalence of HPV associated diseases in vaccinated populations. Sustained efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the bHPV vaccine were observed in the final analysis of a follow-up study up to 9.4 years postvaccination. Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. There has been little success with screening program against cervical cancer in Bangladesh. Therefore, a National HPV Vaccination Program seems to be the window of opportunity to reduce the mortality and morbidity of cervical cancer in Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(2): 123-131

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL CANCER (OWERWIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
I.P. Sharipova ◽  
◽  
E.I. Musabaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Screening Programs

Viral infections are responsible for 15–20% of all human cancers. Infection with oncogenic viruses can contribute to various stages of carcinogenesis. Despite effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem. There are large differences in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer by geographic region. The age-specific prevalence of HPV varies widely in different populations and has shown two peaks of HPV positiveness in young and older women. Around the world, there have been many studies on the epidemiology of HPV infection and oncogenic properties due to different HPV genotypes. However, there are still many countries where population prevalence has not yet been determined. Moreover, screening strategies for cervical cancer differ from country to country. Organized cervical screening programs are potentially more effectivethan opportunistic screening programs.Key words:Human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, screening, dysplasia

scholarly journals Pentoxifylline Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment: Involvement of Mitochondrial and NF-Kappa B Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar ◽  
Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno ◽  
Erick Sierra-Díaz ◽  
Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra ◽  
Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Parp 1

BackgroundCervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, and Cisplatin is used as first-line chemotherapy for this cancer; however, malignant cells exposed to CISplatin (CIS) become insensitive to the effects of this drug. PenToXifylline (PTX) is a xanthine that sensitizes several types of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by antitumor drugs, such as Adriamycin, Carboplatin, and CIS. The effects of PTX on tumor cells have been related to the disruption of the NF-κB pathway, thus preventing the activation of cell survival mechanisms such as the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, the secretion of proinflammatory interleukins, and growth factors.ObjectiveIn this work, we studied the antitumor proprieties of PTX in human SiHa cervical carcinoma cells resistant to CIS.Materials and MethodsSiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cells and their CIS-resistant derived cell lines (SiHaCIS-R and HeLaCIS-R, respectively) were used as in-vitro models. We studied the effects of PTX alone or in combination with CIS on cell viability, apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity, cleaved PARP-1, anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) levels, p65 phosphorylation, cadmium chloride (CdCl2) sensitivity, Platinum (Pt) accumulation, and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as on the gene expression of GSH and drug transporters (influx and efflux).ResultsPTX sensitized SiHaCIS-R cells to the effects of CIS by inducing apoptosis, caspase activation, and PARP-1 cleavage. PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes.ConclusionPTX reverses the acquired phenotype of CIS resistance close to the sensitivity of parental SiHa cells.

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