scholarly journals Phytochemical comparison and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity of three source plants of Jivanti-an important Ayurvedic drug

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman C. T. ◽  
Jyothi C. K. ◽  
Jinu Krishnan Unnithan G. ◽  
Prabhukumar K. M. ◽  
Indira Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Industry ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background In Ayurveda, Jivanti is an important Rasayana drug that increases the energy level of the body. The botanical source of Jivanti is in a situation of controversy. The root of Leptadenia reticulata is the genuine source plant for Jivanti as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. However, other species such as Holostemma ada-kodien and Flickingeria nodosa are also used as source plants for Jivanti in various parts of the country. The objective of this study is to identify a scientifically validated alternative source plant for Jivanti by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. Results In this study, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of various source plants for Jivanti were evaluated along with their phytochemical comparison. H. ada-kodien showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity when compared to L. reticulata. Conclusion The study concluded the possibility of using Holostemma ada-kodien as a substitute for Jivanti in the Ayurvedic drug industry. Graphical abstract

Invivo Activity of Polyherbal Gels Prepared Using Carbopol

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Parasakthi N ◽  
Deepika R ◽  
Sivanathan C ◽  
Abubackkar Sithiq PD ◽  
Venkateshan N
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rich Countries

Pain and inflammation are the basic defense responses of the body that the result of the injury and any other damage to the body. During the years the concerns were raised towards the inflammation that is caused to the oxidative damage that is resulted in the physiological stress due to oxidation. There are a lot of drugs that are used to treat the condition effectively and the typical examples are NSAID’s and SAID’s which have a noted mechanism to show the anti-inflammatory activity. They have serious problems with the side effects like Gastrointestinal irritation, Gastric pain, Gastric perforations and peptic ulcers. Herbs have been used as better alternatives that are used to treat diseases. The significance of the medicinal plants had been emphasized significantly in tradition rich countries like India and all over the world. The research proof of those herbs for their activities and their traditional claims were proven. Poly Herbal Gels were prepared using the root extracts of the plant Corchorus olitorius. The gels were prepared using the Carbopol 940 and the prepared gels were investigated for their anti-inflammatory property and the gels showed a significantly better activity compared to the plant extract and the standard drug too. The addition of other drugs in to the gels added and advantage to the increase in the activity and faster onset of action as the gel was applied directly in the place of the inflammation.

ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (1) ◽  
pp. 197-219
Author(s):  
I. V. Cheretaev ◽  
D. R. Khusainov ◽  
E. N. Chuyan ◽  
M. Yu. Ravaeva ◽  
A. N. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

The purpose of the review is to summarize current literature data and the results of our own research on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid, as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying them. This acid is the most studied reference representative of salicylates, which is convenient to consider the physiological effects characteristic in general for this group of chemical and medicinal products. Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic properties against thermal pain and pain caused by electrical stimuli, as well as a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The realization of these properties depends on the peculiarities of aspirin metabolism in the body, ion and synaptic mechanisms for controlling the functional state of the cell, neurotransmitter systems of the сentral nervous system, and mechanisms of peripheral and сentral analgesia. Analgesic properties of acetylsalicylic acid founded not only in normal, but also in ultra-small doses. Various physical and especially chemical factors significantly change their effects. This increases the interest in studying the analgesic activity of salicylates and their physiological mechanisms, since such studies can serve as a basis for creating new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with low toxicity and high safety for patients, and improve the strategy of their practical use. Currently, the most detailed study of the physiological mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of aspirin and its main metabolite – salicylic acid. However, it should be note that despite the abundance of existing data obtained in scientific studies of the effects of aspirin and its practical use, there are a number of unexplained aspects of the action of this drug, the mechanism of which has not yet been deciphered. The continuing interest in the effects and mechanisms of action of this drug and in connection with the expansion of its use evidenced by a consistently high number of scientific publications on aspirin in the most famous foreign and domestic publications. At the same time, the number of publications about aspirin is an order of magnitude higher than about any other drug known to humanity.

scholarly journals Empagliflozin Improves Metabolic and Hepatic Outcomes in a Non-Diabetic Obese Biopsy-Proven Mouse Model of Advanced NASH

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6332
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Perakakis ◽  
Pavlina Chrysafi ◽  
Michael Feigh ◽  
Sanne Skovgard Veidal ◽  
Christos S. Mantzoros
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Empagliflozin, an established treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has shown beneficial effects on liver steatosis and fibrosis in animals and in humans with T2DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH). However, little is known about the effects of empagliflozin on liver function in advanced NASH with liver fibrosis and without diabetes. This study aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on hepatic and metabolic outcomes in a diet-induced obese (DIO) and insulin-resistant but non-diabetic biopsy-confirmed mouse model of advanced NASH. Male C57BL/6JRj mice with a biopsy-confirmed steatosis and fibrosis on AMLN diet (high fat, fructose and cholesterol) for 36-weeks were randomized to receive for 12 weeks: (a) Empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/d p.o.), or (b) vehicle. Metabolic outcomes, liver pathology, markers of Kupffer and stellate cell activation and lipidomics were assessed at the treatment completion. Empagliflozin did not affect the body weight, body composition or insulin sensitivity (assessed by intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test), but significantly improved glucose homeostasis as assessed by oral glucose tolerance test in DIO-NASH mice. Empagliflozin improved modestly the NAFLD activity score compared with the vehicle, mainly by improving inflammation and without affecting steatosis, the fibrosis stage and markers of Kupffer and stellate cell activation. Empagliflozin reduced the hepatic concentrations of pro-inflammatory lactosylceramides and increased the concentrations of anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated triglycerides. Empagliflozin exerts beneficial metabolic and hepatic (mainly anti-inflammatory) effects in non-diabetic DIO-NASH mice and thus may be effective against NASH even in non-diabetic conditions.

scholarly journals Could Lipoxins Represent a New Standard in Ischemic Stroke Treatment?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4207
Author(s):  
Nikola Tułowiecka ◽  
Dariusz Kotlęga ◽  
Andrzej Bohatyrewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Szczuko
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Lipoxin A4 ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases including stroke are one of the most common causes of death. Their main cause is atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation in the body. An ischemic stroke may occur as a result of the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation. The inflammatory reaction produces chemical mediators that stimulate the resolution of inflammation. One of these mediators is lipoxins—pro-resolving mediators that are derived from the omega-6 fatty acid family, promoting inflammation relief and supporting tissue regeneration. Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available literature on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins in the context of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Articles published up to 31 January 2021 were included in the review. The literature was searched on the basis of PubMed and Embase in terms of the entries: ‘stroke and lipoxin’ and ‘stroke and atherosclerosis’, resulting in over 110 articles in total. Studies that were not in full-text English, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts were excluded. Results: In animal studies, the injection/administration of lipoxin A4 improved the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), decreased the volume of damage caused by ischemic stroke, and decreased brain edema. In addition, lipoxin A4 inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as interleukin (Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects were also observed after introducing the administration of lipoxin A4 analog—BML-111. BML-111 significantly reduces the size of a stroke and protects the cerebral cortex, possibly by reducing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, more potent than lipoxin A4, it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Lipoxins and their analogues may find application in reducing damage caused by stroke and improving the prognosis of patients after ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Katie Shiels ◽  
Alexandros Tsoupras ◽  
Ronan Lordan ◽  
Constantina Nasopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Microalgae are at the start of the food chain, and many are known producers of a significant amount of lipids with essential fatty acids. However, the bioactivity of microalgal lipids for anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities have rarely been investigated. Therefore, for a sustainable source of the above bioactive lipids, the present study was undertaken. The total lipids of microalga Chlorococcum sp., isolated from the Irish coast, were fractionated into neutral-, glyco-, and phospho-lipids, and were tested in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities. All tested lipid fractions showed strong anti-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and antithrombin activities in human platelets (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging ~25–200 μg of lipid) with the highest activities in glyco- and phospho-lipid fractions. The structural analysis of the bioactive lipid fraction-2 revealed the presence of specific sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) bioactive molecules and the HexCer-t36:2 (t18:1/18:1 and 18:2/18:0) cerebrosides with a phytosphingosine (4-hydrosphinganine) base, while fraction-3 contained bioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. These novel bioactive lipids of Chlorococcum sp. with putative health benefits may indicate that marine microalgae can be a sustainable alternative source for bioactive lipids production for food supplements and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are required towards the commercial technology pathways development and biosafety analysis for the use of the microalga.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Shun Wu ◽  
Levent Bless B. Aquino ◽  
Marjette Ylreb U. Barbaza ◽  
Chieh-Lun Hsieh ◽  
Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Natural Medicines

The use of foodstuff as natural medicines has already been established through studies demonstrating the pharmacological activities that they exhibit. Knowing the nutritional and pharmacological significance of foods enables the understanding of their role against several diseases. Among the foods that can potentially be considered as medicine, is sesame or Sesamum indicum L., which is part of the Pedaliaceae family and is composed of its lignans such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol and sesamolin. Its lignans have been widely studied and are known to possess antiaging, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern chronic diseases, which can transform into clinical diseases, are potential targets of these lignans. The prime example of chronic diseases is rheumatic inflammatory diseases, which affect the support structures and the organs of the body and can also develop into malignancies. In line with this, studies emphasizing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of sesame have been discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of choroquine derivatives bearing long aminated side chains as antivirus and anti-inflammatory agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 105346
Author(s):  
Zilan Song ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Chenghu Xie ◽  
Xiankun Tong ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Chains ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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