drug industry
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Author(s):  
Bhavay Bajaj

Specification of Bacterial Colonies is needed in many fields, such as clinical analysis, biomedical examination for anticipation of severe illnesses, and the drug industry to avoid tainting items. Existing Bacterial Colony counter frameworks count Bacterial Colony physically, which is a tedious, less effective and dreary cycle. Henceforth, mechanization for calculating bacterial settlement was required. The proposed strategy counts these settlements naturally utilizing picture handling strategies. This strategy will give a more superior level of precision in the counting of bacterial provinces. The proposed method takes a picture of bacterial settlement and converts it into grayscale. Otsu thresholding is applied for the division of the image, further its change into a double shot. From that point onward, morphological activities are used to tidy up the picture by eliminating commotion and superfluous pixels. Distance and watershed changes are applied to double vision to make parts among covered and joint microscopic organisms. Locale properties and marking data of fragmented picture is utilized for counting of the bacterial province.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 5523-5531
Author(s):  
Michael Calnan

Abstract Decisions need to be made about which services or technologies should be prioritized for provision in the NHS in England .The analysis focuses specifically on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and on how they appraise expensive medicines. This analysis takes a sociological perspective on decision-making in relation to uncertainty and how uncertainties are managed, drawing on evidence from a scoping study and an ethnographic study. Uncertainties were central to these rationing decisions. Three types of layers of uncertainty -epistemic, procedural and interpersonal - were shown to be salient. Another form of uncertainty was associated with the complexity of the science and that included the level of technicality of the information provided. The analysis highlighted the salience of uncertainties associated with interpersonal relations and the relations between the committees and the drug industry, clinical and patient experts. A key element in these relationships was trust. Decision makers adopted a mixture of formal and informal, collective and individual strategies in making decisions and a need to exercise pragmatism within a more formal institutional framework. The paper concludes by considering more recent policy developments in relation to appraising expensive medicines.


Author(s):  
علي عبد الرزاق ◽  
ياسر حاجم ◽  
زاهد صالح

The success of any company did not come suddenly, but through the application of lean manufacturing tools and continuous monitoring of the needs and desires of customers in the market and seizing opportunities and exploiting them in those markets. The research problem is determined in how to apply lean manufacturing and exploit marketing opportunities in the research sample company .The research aims to identify the reality of lean manufacturing in the research sample company and its role in achieving marketing opportunity activities and eliminating waste to reduce costs, reduce time and increase productivity. The research community represented the managers of the higher administration, and an intended sample of (31) managers was chosen to properly represent the community. The General Company for Drug Industry in Samarra was chosen as a site to conduct the research. The search used statistical software (Spss Var. 19). The research concluded with a set of conclusions such as: The application of lean manufacturing in the company The research sample contributes to exploiting the available opportunities by reducing waste and reducing time and cost in a manner that suits the company’s objectives. In addition to presenting a set of recommendations such as: The company's management must adopt the proper application of the philosophy of lean manufacturing and its role in harvesting marketing opportunities and work to ensure the success of this application because of its significant impact in reducing costs and achieving a competitive advantage for the company.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-710
Author(s):  
Jeyarajan Helen Ratna Monica ◽  
Jyoti ◽  
Pranav Y.

In the recent years, there are number of problems related to counterfeit in drug industry, banking industry, insurance sector and range of products including fake university degrees, documents etc. There are number of products, which can be easily duplicated by simple processes and the product seems original that nobody doubts. Even the counterfeit of currency is also a main problem in world’s economy. So there are number of anti-counterfeiting technologies including electronic combat mechanism are available in the market to prevent these antisocial activities. Printing ink is very useful as per the security purpose to write down confidential documents or sign. Fluorescent material-based inks can be difficult to counterfeit and relatively easier to handle. This ink has diverse properties in different materials so that it can be a very good option to frame an anticounterfeiting technique. This article explains about the brief overview of anticounterfeiting technology and different methods of it. It also explains the applications of fluorescent based security ink to prevent the counterfeiting of the products and documents. This can be a reliable source for the security purpose to make the confidential documents secure. The review article also describes the concept of luminescence and its applicability for further development in various sectors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman C. T. ◽  
Jyothi C. K. ◽  
Jinu Krishnan Unnithan G. ◽  
Prabhukumar K. M. ◽  
Indira Balachandran

Abstract Background In Ayurveda, Jivanti is an important Rasayana drug that increases the energy level of the body. The botanical source of Jivanti is in a situation of controversy. The root of Leptadenia reticulata is the genuine source plant for Jivanti as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. However, other species such as Holostemma ada-kodien and Flickingeria nodosa are also used as source plants for Jivanti in various parts of the country. The objective of this study is to identify a scientifically validated alternative source plant for Jivanti by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. Results In this study, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of various source plants for Jivanti were evaluated along with their phytochemical comparison. H. ada-kodien showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity when compared to L. reticulata. Conclusion The study concluded the possibility of using Holostemma ada-kodien as a substitute for Jivanti in the Ayurvedic drug industry. Graphical abstract


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Chaudhary ◽  
Pooja Bedi ◽  
Soumava Santra ◽  
Tanay Pramanik

: One of the most prominent aromatic organic chemical compound is Coumarin having formula C9H6O2 which is widely known for its benefits in drug industry. Colourless crystalline solid having sweet scent is coumarin’s physical identity. It serves various purposes such as in synthesis of medicines, laser dyes, perfumes and many more. Having enormous usages it becomes important to synthesize such compound so various reactions were performed in order to obtain coumarins. This review explicates the preparation of coumarin by Pechmann Condensation and its biological characteristics.


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