Response surface method for optimization of prepared satranidazole powder layered pellets

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate layered of satranidazole powder using natural polysaccharides as coating materials for colon targeting that were inexpensive and natural with a non-toxic nature using a composite response design of 3 levels and 2 factors for each of the four responses in the quadratic model. The independent variables were the ratio of coating consistency % (X1) and coating level % (X2) in the pellet. The dependent factors were % release of drug at 2 h. (Y1), % release of drug at 6 h. (Y2), % release of drug difference in presence & absence of colonic enzyme (Y3) and mean dissolution time (Y4). The various models were fitted for the responses with an explanation of suitable statistical methods. Variance analysis and different factor levels of responses were constructed by response surface plots. Results Satranidazole pellets were efficiently prepared by the variable amount of ingredients that showed compatibility with possible pellet characterization and drug dissolution profiles to optimize the formulation. Conclusions The strategy of response surface can be a successful tool for improving the prepared satranidazole pellets which can be an appropriate replacement of regular one.

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Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3150

Author(s):

Mengwei Xu ◽

Chao Huang ◽

Jing Lu ◽

Zihan Wu ◽

Xianxin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Adsorption Efficiency ◽

Process Variables ◽

Adsorption Time ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Independent Variables ◽

The Impact ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Magnetic MXene composite Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was successfully prepared and employed as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) adsorbent from water solution. The response surface methodology was employed to investigate the interactive effects of adsorption parameters (adsorption time, pH of the solution, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dose) and optimize these parameters for obtaining maximum adsorption efficiency of EE2. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test statistics. Optimization of the process variables for maximum adsorption of EE2 by Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was performed using the quadratic model. The model predicted maximum adsorption of 97.08% under the optimum conditions of the independent variables (adsorption time 6.7 h, pH of the solution 6.4, initial EE2 concentration 0.98 mg L−1, and the adsorbent dose 88.9 mg L−1) was very close to the experimental value (95.34%). pH showed the highest level of significance with the percent contribution (63.86%) as compared to other factors. The interactive influences of pH and initial concentration on EE2 adsorption efficiency were significant (p < 0.05). The goodness of fit of the model was checked by the coefficient of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted values of the response variable. The response surface methodology successfully reflects the impact of various factors and optimized the process variables for EE2 adsorption. The kinetic adsorption data for EE2 fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Fe3O4@Ti3C2 composite present the outstanding capacity to be employed in the remediation of EE2 contaminated wastewaters.

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Optimization of the Adsorption Condition for Wastewater Containing Chromium Treatment by Natural Adsorbent Material Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.387 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1033-1034 ◽

pp. 387-390

Author(s):

Ya Jun Wang ◽

Jin Xi Wang ◽

Yan Juan Li ◽

Ying Wang

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Potassium Chromate ◽

Optimal Experimental Design ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Surface Method ◽

Adsorption Condition

The effect of several important parameters on the removal of hexavalent chromium by humic acid was evaluated using an optimal experimental design based on Box-Behnken Response Surface method. The factors included temperature、pH、initial potassium chromate concentration and adsorbent dosage. A quadratic model for predicting the optimum removal conditions was derived, and the obtained optimal parameters were temperature 51°C, pH=2.34, initial potassium chromate concentration 14.30mg/L and adsorbent 0.58g. At the optimal conditions, the maximal removal rate of hexavalent chromium reached 73.17 %( forecast value was 73.26%).

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Interpolation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Profiles Measured in Flight Using Response Surface Methodology

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112320 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hidemi Takahashi ◽

Mitsuru Kurita ◽

Hidetoshi Iijima ◽

Monami Sasamori

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Mach Number ◽

Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽

Response Surface ◽

Flight Test ◽

Response Surface Model ◽

Surface Model ◽

Number Range ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Surface Method

Turbulent boundary layer profiles on the aircraft surface were characterized by pitot-rake measurements conducted in flight experiments at high subsonic Mach number ranges. Due to slight variations in atmospheric air conditions or aircraft attitudes, such as angles of attack and absolute flight speeds at different flights even under the same premised flight conditions, the boundary layer profiles measured at different flights can exhibit different shape and velocity values. This concern leads to difficulty in evaluating the efficiency of using some kind of drag-controlling device such as riblets in the flight test, since the evaluation would be conducted by comparing the profiles measured with and without using riblets at different flights. An approach was implemented to interpolate the boundary layer profile for a flight condition of interest based on the response surface method, in order to eliminate the influence of the flight conditional difference. Results showed that the interpolation with the 3rd-degree response surface model with a combination of two independent variables of flight Mach number and total pressure successfully eliminated the influence of the flight conditional difference, and interpolated the boundary layer profiles measured at different flights within an inaccuracy of 4.1% for the flight Mach number range of 0.5 to 0.78.

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Optimizing Nano Metalworking Emulsions Preparation Using Response Surface Method

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.v39i2a.1768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2A) ◽

pp. 214-232

Author(s):

Nuhad B. Dawood ◽

Adnan A. AbdulRazak ◽

Adel S. Hamadi

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Response Surface Method ◽

Ph Value ◽

Metalworking Fluids ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Surface Method ◽

Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽

The Stability ◽

Nano Emulsion

Nano emulsions (NEs) have important prospective advantages for assured industrials applications especially Metalworking fluids (MWFs), due to their Nano size, stability, than other types of traditional emulsions. In this work paraffin oil, water and mixture of surfactants Span20 & Tween20 are utilized for preparation of the MWF. A quadratic model was developed by applying the response surface method (RSM) to relate the droplets size and emulsion stability as a response to five independent variables namely the speed and time of mixing, concentration of the surfactant, Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value and pH value. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted; the results confirm the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values were found to be satisfactory with that experimental value. Mixing speed exerted the highest effect on the droplet size and the stability of the emulsion. The optimum conditions were found be (the concentration = 4.75 wt.%, time of mixing = 18.12 min, speed of mixing 14998.93 rpm, pH = 10.01 and HLB = 10.87) to attained Nano emulsion with 2 nm in size and stability of 24 days. Tool wear and surface roughness were studied at different speed, the results have showed that the wear ratio of the bits for all selected speeds is as follow: using commercial fluid > MWFs. The metallurgical microscope images have showed that, in case using MWFs the surface of cracks between the metals and the tool is more smooth compare with other fluids

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Process Optimization Study of Zn2+ Adsorption on Biochar-Alginate Composite Adsorbent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020325 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Subrata Biswas ◽

Manisha Bal ◽

Sushanta Behera ◽

Tushar Sen ◽

Bhim Meikap

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Composite Adsorbent ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Optimization Study ◽

Adsorbent Dose

A novel biochar alginate composite adsorbent was synthesized and applied for removal of Zn2+ ions from aqueous solution. Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies showed the suitability of the adsorbent. From a Langmuir isotherm study, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbent was found to be 120 mg/g. To investigate the effect of process variables like initial Zn2+ concentration (25–100 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.4–8 g/L) and temperature (298–318 K) on Zn2+ adsorption, response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three independent variables central composite design of experiments was employed. A quadratic model equation was developed to predict the relationship between the independent variables and response for maximum Zn2+ removal. The optimization study reveals that the initial Zn2+ concentration and adsorbent dose were the most effective parameters for removal of Zn2+ due to higher magnitude of F-statistic value which effects to a large extent of Zn2+ removal. The optimum physicochemical condition for maximum removal of Zn2+ was determined from the RSM study. The optimum conditions are 43.18 mg/L initial metal ion concentration, 0.062 g adsorbent dose and a system temperature of 313.5 K. At this particular condition, the removal efficiency of Zn2+ was obtained as 85%.

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Investigation of dye removal from textile wastewater by means of response surface method

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183120501144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (08) ◽

pp. 2050114

Author(s):

Ahmad Shafee ◽

P. Valipour ◽

Aurang Zaib ◽

Houman Babazadeh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Response Surface Method ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Surface Method ◽

Model Equations ◽

Alkali Activated ◽

Dyes Removal

The main purpose of this article is to apply response surface method to analyze the residual dyes removal independent variables from the experimental data for dye adsorption onto alkali-activated sand as natural adsorbent from textile wastewater. The independent variables are contact time (3–30[Formula: see text]min) and adsorbent dosage (12.5–100[Formula: see text]g) and the dependent variables are percentage of dye removal and dye adsorbed amount per alkali-activated sand as responses. The effect of the variables, their interaction with each other, the fitted model equations, the adequacy and desirability of the model was evaluated by RSM. Response surface method to analyze the residual dyes removal, which resulted in about 70% dye removal and 30 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mg/g dye adsorbed, with 0.983 of desirability for fitted model. Finally, the initial dye concentration effect was investigated.

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Optimized characterization of response surface methodology on lubricant with titanium oxide nanoparticles

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology ◽

10.1108/ilt-09-2016-0214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 387-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nor Syahirah Mohamad ◽

Salmiah Kasolang

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Response Surface ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Contour Plot ◽

Content Type ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Non Linear System

Purpose An optimized model is often deployed to reduce trial and error in experimental approach and obtain the multi-variant correlation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), namely, Box–Behnken design (BBD) approach, has been used to optimize the characterization of lubricant with additives. BBD is based on multivariate analysis whereby the effects of different parameters are considered simultaneously. It is a non-linear system which is more representative of the actual phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the effect of three independent variables, namely, speed, load and concentration of TiO2, on the coefficient of friction (CoF). Design/methodology/approach RSM was applied to get the multiplicity of the self-determining input variables and construct mathematical models. Mathematical models were established to predict the CoF and to conduct a statistical analysis of the independent variables’ interactions on response surface using Minitab 16.0 statistical software. Three parameters were regulated: speed (X1), load (X2) and concentration of TiO2 (X3). The output measured was the CoF. Findings The result obtained from BBD has shown that the most influential parameter was speed, followed by concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles and then normal load. Analysis of variance indicated that the proposed experiment from the quadratic model has successfully interpreted the experimental data with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9931. From the contour plot of BBD, the optimization zone for interacting variables has been obtained. The zone indicates two regions of lower friction values (<0.04): concentration between 0.5 to 1.0 Wt.% for a speed range of 1,000 to 2,000 rpm, and load between 17 to 20 kg for a speed in the range of 1,200 to 1,900 rpm. The optimized condition shows that the minimum value of CoF (0.0191) is at speed of 1,782 rpm, load of 20 kg and TiO2 concentration of 1.0 Wt.%. Originality/value In general, it has been shown that RSM is an effective and powerful tool in experimental optimization of multi-variants.

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Preparation and in vitro release kinetics of ivermectin sustained-release bolus optimized by response surface methodology

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiangchun Ruan ◽

Xiuge Gao ◽

Ying Gao ◽

Lin Peng ◽

Hui Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Response Surface ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

Release Mechanism

Sustained-release formulations of ivermectin (IVM) are useful for controlling parasitic diseases in animals. In this work, an IVM bolus made from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), starch and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LS-HPC) was optimized by response surface methodology. The bolus was dissolved in a cup containing 900 mL of dissolution medium at 39.5 °C, under with stirring at 100 rpm. A quadratic model was formulated using analysis of variance according to the dissolution time. The optimized formulation of the bolus contained 8% MCC, 0.5% starch, and 0.25% LS-HPC. The length, width, and height of the prepared IVM bolus were 28.12 ± 0.14, 16.1 ± 0.13, and 13.03 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The bolus weighed 11.4842 ± 0.1675 g (with a density of 1.95 g/cm3) and contained 458.26 ± 6.68 mg of IVM. It exhibited in vitro sustained-release for over 60 days, with a cumulative amount and percentage of released IVM of 423.72 ± 5.48 mg and 92.52 ± 1.20%, respectively. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model provided the best fit to the dissolution release kinetics, exhibiting anR2value close to 1 and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion among different models. The parametern(0.5180) of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model was between 0.45 and 0.89. It was demonstrated that the release mechanism of the IVM bolus followed a diffusive erosion style.

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A New Eco-Friendly Porous Asphalt Mixture Modified by Crumb Rubber and Basalt Fiber

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11205754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 5754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yongchun Cheng ◽

Chao Chai ◽

Yuwei Zhang ◽

Yu Chen ◽

Bing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Response Surface Method ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Basalt Fiber ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

High Temperature Stability ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

Particle Loss ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Surface Method

In this paper, the performance of environmentally friendly porous asphalt mixture was optimized by the response surface method. Taking the asphalt-aggregate ratio, crumb-rubber content, and basalt fiber content as the independent variables, the air void, Marshall stability, flow value, Marshall quotient, and Cantabro particle loss are the response values. The best model was determined by fitting the experimental data. After the influence of the independent variables on the response values was clarified, the models were used to optimize the dosage of the asphalt, crumb rubber, and basalt fiber through comprehensive analysis. The results showed that the application of the response surface method can complete the establishment of the models and the optimization of the performance of the porous asphalt mixture with sufficient accuracy. The optimum dosage of the asphalt to aggregate ratio, crumb rubber, and basalt fiber is 4.51%, 11.21%, and 0.42%, respectively. The high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, water stability, and Cantabro particle loss resistance of the optimized porous asphalt mixture were effectively improved, which provides a reference for the construction of eco-friendly pavement.

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Modeling and optimizing of sonochemical degradation of Basic Blue 41 via response surface methodology

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-010-0086-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1069-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jalal Parsa ◽

Mahmood Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

H2o2 Concentration ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Surface Method ◽

Medium Level ◽

Level 1 ◽

High Level

AbstractThe nanocatalyst-assisted sonodegradation of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) dye in aqueous medium was modeled and optimized using response surface method (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The studied variables included pH, initial dye concentration, H2O2 concentration and sonolysis time while each factor varied at three levels: Low level (−1), Medium level (0) and High level (+1). The ultrasound -assisted degradation was well described by developing quadratic model with correlation value squared (R2) of 0.9114. Factor effects along with interaction effects were evaluated. The graphical optimization step was conducted to achieve the best experimental condition in dye removal. pH, H2O2 concentration and initial dye concentration of the reaction were investigated. It was recognized that at lower pH values the dye removal rate decreased. However, dye removal rate increased (82.5%) by increasing the concentration of H2O2 and by lowering the initial dye concentration.

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