scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and thrombolytic profiling of Costus afer stem fractions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Obinna Ogugofor ◽  
Ugochi Olivia Njoku ◽  
Obioma Uzoma Njoku ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Costus Afer

Abstract Background The most commonly occurring mechanism driving ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction is thrombosis. It is normally characterized by platelet activation and aggregation. Thrombolytics have been used in the treatment of several forms of thrombosis, but their adverse effects have limited their usefulness. Thus, there is a need to develop alternatives from medicinal plants known to possess antithrombotic activity such as Costus afer. Results The phytochemical evaluations indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The antithrombotic profiling showed that streptokinase had the highest percentage clot lysis, followed by ethylacetate fraction of the extract, which was higher than aspirin and other fractions of the extract. Conclusion The present findings show that C. afer stem extract and various fractions possess antithrombotic activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize the antithrombotic bioactive compounds present in the different fractions that are responsible for the activities.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA RIWAYAT PENYAKIT JANTUNG DENGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN STROKE ISKEMIK AKUT PERTAMA KALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius Ivan ◽  
Budi Riyanto Wreksoatmodjo ◽  
Octavianus Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
History Of

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HISTORY OF HEART DISEASE AND SEVERITY OF ACUTE FIRST-EVER ISCHEMIC STROKEABSTRACTIntroduction: History of heart disease such as atrial  fibrillation, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure has a role on ischemic stroke severity.Aim: This research aims to find the association between history of heart disease and stroke severity using NIHSS score on acute ischemic stroke patients in Atma Jaya hospital during 2014-2018.Method: This research used cross-sectional method with two-sided fisher’s exact test. With total sampling, samples retrieved from secondary sources in Atma Jaya hospital during 2014-2018 resulting 236 subjects. Stroke severity measured by NIHSS score during admission, categorized with severe stroke (15-42) and non-severe stroke (0-14).Result: There is a significant association between history of AF (p=0.046) on first-ever ischemic stroke severity. Acute first-ever ischemic stroke patients who are  >18 years old with history of AF has a tendency of 5,2 times to have severe stroke compared with patients without AF. Other history of heart disease has no significant association towards stroke severity.Discussion: In accordance with previous research, our findings suggest a significant association between history of atrial fibrillation and acute first-ever ischemic stroke severity in which there is a tendency of more severe stroke compared wth patients without AF. Unlike previous findings, this research shows no significant association between history of heart failure and stroke severity due to limited data characteristic  of ejection fraction preventing us to include patient with ejection fraction below 30%. This limitation may also allow history of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction to be insignificant.Keywords:  Atrial  fibrillation,  heart  failure,  ischemic  stroke,  myocardial  infarction,  National  Institutes  of Health Stroke ScaleABSTRAKPendahuluan: Riwayat penyakit jantung seperti atrial fibrilasi, angina pektoris, infark miokardium, gagal jantung memiliki peran terhadap keparahan stroke iskemik.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan riwayat penyakit jantung dengan tingkat keparahan stroke berdasarkan skor NIHSS pada pasien stroke iskemik akut di RS Atma Jaya pada tahun 2014-2018.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang terhadap data sekunder pasien stroke iskemik pertama kali yang dirawat di RS Atma Jaya pada tahun 2014-2018. Keparahan stroke diukur berdasarkan National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) masuk dengan kategori severe stroke (skor 15-42) dan non-severe stroke (0-14). Dilakukan uji Fisher dua sisi untuk menilai hubungan.Hasil: Terdapat 236 subjek dengan mayoritas hubungan riwayat AF (p=0,046) terhadap tingkat keparahan stroke. Pasien berumur >18 tahun yang mengalami stroke iskemik akut pertama kali dengan riwayat AF akan berpeluang 5,2 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami severe stroke dibandingkan jika tanpa riwayat AF. Riwayat penyakit jantung lain tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap tingkat keparahan stroke.Diskusi: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat AF terhadap tingkat keparahan stroke, terutama pada subjek dengan severe stroke jika dibandingkan pasien tanpa riwayat AF. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara penyakit jantung yang lain dikarenakan keterbatasan data penelitian.Kata kunci: Atrial fibrilasi, gagal jantung, infark miokardium, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, stroke iskemik

Correlations Between Acute Ischemic Stroke And Its Associated Cardiovascular Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Daniela Y. Arabadzhieva ◽  
Ara G. Kaprelyan ◽  
Zdravko D. Slavov ◽  
Zhaneta T. Georgieva ◽  
Aleksandra Zh. Tsukeva
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Effort Angina

Summary The objective of this study was to analyze the association between some cardiovascular diseases and acute ischemic stroke. A total of 258 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age 70.59±7.22 years) were examined. The presence of eight cardiovascular diseases and pathological conditions was analyzed: arterial hypertension, hypertensive heart, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, effort angina pectoris, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Data were statistically processed by variation and correlation analysis. Most male and female patients presented with four accompanying cardiovascular diseases (27 or 20.93% and 31 or 24.03% of the cases, respectively). There were two groups of four variables each - with a relatively strong and a moderate, as well as with a weak correlation (r<0.4), to the presence of acute ischemic stroke in the corresponding patients. Ischemic heart disease was strongly associated with effort angina pectoris (r=0.667) and to a lesser extent - with coronary atherosclerosis (r=0.470), whereas myocardial infarction was associated with coronary atherosclerosis (r=0.604) and ischemic heart disease (r=0.378), respectively. Arterial hypertension was moderately related to hypertensive heart (r=0.300). In conclusion, there were relatively close associations between acute ischemic stroke and these heart diseases. These patients should strictly and regularly be followed up by general practitioners.

scholarly journals Enoxaparin vs Fondaparinux in CK-MB Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan ◽  
Keni Idacahyati ◽  
Rezky Fahrizal Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Enoxaparin Group

Ischemic Heart Disease (Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction-NSTEMI) is the leading cause of death in Indonesia after Stroke. Enoxaparin and Fondaparinux are the drugs of choice for this condition. However, there is a little study about these drugs in Indonesian people. Therefore, the objective of the study is to determine the effectivity of enoxaparin and fondaparinux in CK-MB reduction in Indonesian people. The methods of the study is retrospective observational study. A total of 43 patients were met inclusion criteria (32 in the enoxaparin group and 11 in the fondaparinux group). The outcome of the study was CK-MB reduction and the time of dyspnea was disappeared. The results of the study showed no statistic difference between enoxaparin and fondaparinux in reducing CK-MB blood plasma level (-29.00 vs -33.09; p 0.715), and also the time of dyspnea was disappeared (3.44 vs 3.09 days; p 0.347). Therefore, the choice of these agents are based on clinical condition, adverse effects and pharmacoeconomic aspects.

scholarly journals Myocardial Infarction And Ischemic Heart Disease In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Daniela Y. Arabadzhieva ◽  
Zhaneta T. Georgieva ◽  
Ara G. Kaprelyan ◽  
Zdravko D. Slavov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
The One

SummaryThe aim of the investigation was to analyze the correlation between myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, on the one hand, and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), on the other hand. We studied 258 AIS patients (mean age 70.9±7.22 years, range 49-92 years) hospitalized in 2007-2013 in the First Clinic of Neurology, St. Marina University Hospital of Varna. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was confirmed by Doppler sonography and computed tomography of the cerebral circulation. Data were statistically processed by variation and correlation analysis. Our results proved a relatively strong correlation between effort angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease (Pearson's coefficient: r=0.643) as well as a weak correlation between ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction (Pearson's coefficient: r=0.243) among acute ischemic stroke patients. The well-known risk factors for these cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, tobacco smoking, low physical activity and alcohol abuse were common among the patients with acute ischemic stroke, too. In conclusion, both myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease are strongly associated with the development of acute ischemic stroke. Such patients require strict and regular control by general practitioners. They should observe an appropriate diet and adhere to a healthy life-style.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Thrombin Blockade with Low Doses (2.5 mg) of Rivaroxaban in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
A. B. Sumarokov ◽  
L. I. Buryachkovskaya ◽  
Y. V. Docenko ◽  
M. S. Kurochkin ◽  
N. V. Lomakin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Arterial thrombosis is a result of complex interaction between blood cells, soluble coagulation factors in plasma and vessel wall. Antiplatelet drugs do not always provide the necessary antithrombotic effect of sufficient strength, because their influence does not extend to all three factors involved in this process. Low doses of direct oral inhibitors of thrombin are able to potentiate antithrombotic effect of antiplatelet therapy. The combination of rivaroxaban in a dose of 2.5 mg and standard double antiplatelet therapy turned out to be the most promising for clinical use, since studies with dabigatran and apixaban at the II and III stages of the trials were found to be unsuccessful due to the unacceptably high frequency of bleeding. Studies of the combination of rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg and standard antiplatelet therapy conducted in previous years among patients with acute myocardial infarction showed a decrease in the frequency of complications of atherothrombosis associated with their ischemic nature, while at the same time there was a slight increase in hemorrhagic complications. In the COMPASS study the combination of rivaroxaban (2.5 mg) plus aspirin reduced the risk of the primary endpoint (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death) more significantly than aspirin alone in patients with stable ischemic heart disease and ischemic brain disease. The pathophysiological rationales for the use of low doses of rivaroxaban when added to dual antiplatelet therapy are considered, and the significance of recent studies in patients with acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease and in the prevention of ischemic stroke is discussed.

scholarly journals ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID AND ANTINEUTROPHIL ANTIBODIES LEVELS IN MEN WITH STABLE CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND POSTINFARCTION CARDIOSCLEROSIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DISEASE MANIFESTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Marina S. Nazarova ◽  
Mykola A. Stanislavchuk ◽  
Liudmyla V. Burdeina ◽  
Nataliia V. Zaichko
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteinase 3 ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis ◽  
Stable Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Beta 2

The aim is to study the levels of antiphospholipid (aPL) and antineutrophil antibodies in men with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and to evaluate its relationship with the disease manifestation. Materials and methods: 164 men with stable CHD and postinfarction cardiosclerosis (53.0 ± 9.14 (M ± σ) years) and 48 age-matched men without CHD were examined. The total aPL IgG and IgM, beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (anti-β2-GP 1) IgG and IgM, and antibodies for neutrophil proteinase-3 / myeloperoxidase (anti-PR3 / MPO) IgG were determined by ELISA. Results: Positive levels of aPL and anti-β2-GP 1 of IgG were identified in 56.7% (33.5% double positivity of aPL + anti-β2-GP 1) and 29.2% of control group (p < 0.001), while the IgM was lower (11.6% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.55, respectively). Significantly higher (1.5-1.7 times) levels of aPL and anti-β2-GP 1 were identified in patients who underwent myocardial infarction (MI) aged less than 44 years, after Q-MI, recurrent MI, in the presence of ischemic stroke, livedo reticularis. In 6.7% of patients with positive levels of aPL and anti-β2-GP 1 low IgG anti-PR3 / MPO levels were detected. Conclusions: In men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, IgG positivity according to total aPL and anti-β2-GP 1 is associated with a higher incidence of Q-MI and with recurrent MI. Men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis have a tendency to increase anti-PR3 / MPO levels of IgG under conditions of double aPL positivity and anti-β2-GP1 of IgG.

Atrial fibrillation detected after stroke is related to a low risk of ischemic stroke recurrence

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. e924-e931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano A. Sposato ◽  
Joshua O. Cerasuolo ◽  
Lauren E. Cipriano ◽  
Jiming Fang ◽  
Sebastian Fridman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of 1-year ischemic stroke recurrence between atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosed after stroke (AFDAS) and sinus rhythm (SR) and investigate whether underlying heart disease is as frequent in AFDAS as it is in AF known before stroke (KAF).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included all ischemic stroke patients admitted to institutions participating in the Ontario Stroke Registry from July 1, 2003, to March 31, 2013. Based on heart rhythm assessed during admission, we classified patients as AFDAS, KAF, or SR. We modeled the relationship between heart rhythm groups and 1-year ischemic stroke recurrence by using Cox regression adjusted for multiple covariates (e.g., oral anticoagulants). We compared the prevalence of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure among the 3 groups.ResultsAmong 23,376 ischemic stroke patients, 15,885 had SR, 587 AFDAS, and 6,904 KAF. At 1 year, 39 (6.6%) patients with AFDAS, 661 (9.6%) with KAF, and 1,269 (8.0%) with SR had recurrent ischemic strokes (p = 0.0001). AFDAS-related ischemic stroke recurrence adjusted risk was not different from that of SR (hazard ratio 0.90 [95% confidence interval 0.63, 1.30]; p = 0.57). Prevalence of coronary artery disease (18.2% vs 34.7%; p < 0.0001), myocardial infarction (11.6% vs 20.5%; p < 0.0001), and heart failure (5.5% vs 16.8%; p < 0.0001) were lower in AFDAS relative to KAF.ConclusionsThe lack of difference in 1-year ischemic stroke recurrence between AFDAS and SR and the lower prevalence of heart disease in AFDAS compared to KAF suggest that the underlying pathophysiology of AFDAS may differ from that of KAF.

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