scholarly journals Exergy analysis and performance study for sour water stripper units, amine regenerator units and a Sulphur recovery unit of a refining plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Ibrahim ◽  
Fatma H. Ashour ◽  
Mamdouh A. Gadalla
Keyword(s):  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Plant Optimization ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sulphur Recovery ◽  
Sour Water

AbstractA refining column in the middle east that started its official production in 2020 provides its sour wastewater from all refinery plants to two sour water units (SWS1 and SWS2) to strip H2S and NH3. Sour gas from the refinery uses a lean amine solution for gas sweetening to absorb H2S in different absorbers. Rich amine with H2S is then stripped in two amine regeneration units (ARU1 and ARU2). The overhead of SWS and ARU units provide the acid gas feed to the sulphur recovery unit (SRU) to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. First, the SWS1 unit is simulated using Aspen HYSYS V.11. A complete exergy study is conducted in the unit. Exergy destruction, exergy efficiency and percentage share in the destruction are calculated for all equipment. The highest exergy destruction rate was in the stripper with 5028.58 kW and a percentage share of 81.94% of the total destruction. A comparison was conducted between the exergy results of this study with two other exergy studies performed in the same refinery plant. The columns in the three studies showed the highest destruction rates exceeding 78% of the total destruction of each unit. The air coolers showed the second-highest destruction rates in their units with a percentage share exceeding 7% of the total destruction. The pumps showed the lowest destruction rates with values of less than 1% of the total destruction of each unit. Then, an individual simulation is conducted for stripper1 of SWS1, stripper2 for SWS2, regenerator1 of ARU1 and regenerator2 of ARU2. The individual simulations are combined in one simulation named combined simulation to compute the composition of acid gas from SWS and ARU units feeding SRU. Then, the SRU unit is simulated via a special package in HYSYS V.11 named SULSIM. The computed composition from SWS and ARU is exported to excel where it is linked with SRU simulation to calculate sulphur production. For the first time in any article in the world, all data feeding SWS, ARU, and SRU units are connected to a live system named Process Historian Database (PHD) to gather live data from the plant and perform plant optimization.

scholarly journals Performance Monitoring of a Sulphur Recovery Unit: A Real Start- up Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AY
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Simulation Validation ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Claus Reactor ◽  
Sulphur Recovery

A Sulphur recovery unit at a refining plant in the Middle East, which began official production in 2020, treats all acid gas to elemental Sulphur. Acid gas cannot be released into the atmosphere because of stringent environmental regulations. To test some essential parameters, the plant was simulated using a special Sulphur package in HYSYS called SULSIM. One of the most critical keys, the (H 2 S/SO 2 ) ratio, was checked after simulation validation. The optimal ratio is 2. Any deviation from this ratio results in serious issues in the process, such as catalyst ageing in the reactors. The effect of reducing the ratio from 2 to 0.22 was investigated in a case study. The temperature of the reduction reactor's outlet rose from 279.73 o C to 314.34 o C, which was higher than normal. The performance of the catalyst was measured on six separate days. The temperature difference and the pressure difference through the bed are the two most important parameters in catalyst monitoring. The ΔT designs for the first Claus reactor, second Claus reactor, and Reduction reactor are 51, 20 and 24 o C, respectively. 0.04, 0.14, and 0.04 kg/cm 2 g are the ΔP designs in the first Claus reactor, second Claus reactor, and Reduction reactor, respectively. The actual parameters were found to be in the normal range. Sulphur production is calculated in two ways: by the level of the Sulphur production tank and by calculating the material balance by laboratory analysis. Based on a comparison in four days the calculations are precise because of the levels, and large deviations are revealed by laboratory analysis. The percentage deviation error was found to be (-36.4, 70.7, -7.6, -10.5) percent by the laboratory analysis.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Effective Symbolic Methods for Solving Band Matrix SLAEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Milena Veneva ◽  
Alexander Ayriyan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Band Matrix ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Symbolic Algorithms

This paper presents an experimental performance study of implementations of three symbolic algorithms for solving band matrix systems of linear algebraic equations with heptadiagonal, pentadiagonal, and tridiagonal coefficient matrices. The only assumption on the coefficient matrix in order for the algorithms to be stable is nonsingularity. These algorithms are implemented using the GiNaC library of C++ and the SymPy library of Python, considering five different data storing classes. Performance analysis of the implementations is done using the high-performance computing (HPC) platforms “HybriLIT” and “Avitohol”. The experimental setup and the results from the conducted computations on the individual computer systems are presented and discussed. An analysis of the three algorithms is performed.

Efficient Scheme for Native Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Sulphur Recovery Unit Tail Gas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Bonnereau ◽  
Claire Weiss ◽  
France Delannoy ◽  
Matthias Linicus ◽  
Eckhard Jüngst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Sulphur Recovery

scholarly journals Performance Levels of Female Students in Combined Track-and-Field Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Martin Vaváček
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shot Put

Summary The authors have evaluated the combined track-and-field events performed by the female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Comenius University in Bratislava (CU FPES) in the years 2013 – 2017. The combined track-and-field events are an obligatory part of the final Athletics examination in the teacher-training study program. The selected disciplines reflect the first day of the men’s decathlon with the exception of the last one, which is replaced by 800 m. The number of points in the combined event enters into the overall assessment of the subject Didactics of Athletics II together with an oral examination. The authors analysed not only the total number of points in the pentathlon but also in the individual disciplines and their percentage share in the final result. They have discovered that the shot put and high jump are among the most stable disciplines. The greatest variance of the percentage share in the overall number of points was observed in the 100 m dash, 800 m and in the long jump. The performance of a high number of students (almost two-thirds) came below the average performance in the particular year as expressed in points.

scholarly journals Systems Engineering in Terms of Exergy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Camberos ◽  
David J. Moorhouse
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
System Level ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Aerospace Vehicles ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
The Individual

We address the design of a flight vehicle from the viewpoint of a system of systems and we discuss the integration of the individual technical disciplines. Then a conceptual fundamental methodology and tools required for the analysis, design, and optimization of aerospace vehicles in terms of the efficient use of on-board energy are discussed. This suggests changing the design paradigm to the optimization of a system of energy systems. We propose a foundation for system-level design with optimization based on minimum exergy destruction.

scholarly journals SISTEMA DE MEDIÇÃO INDIVIDUALIZADA DE ÁGUA: ESTUDO DE CASO DE EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL EM SÃO PAULO

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cattapreta Lima ◽  
Juliana Keiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Lika Livia Kussaba ◽  
Armando Traini Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

RESUMO: Este artigo utiliza para seu desenvolvimento dados reais coletados da observação de um Sistema de Medição Individualizada (SMI) de água de um edifício comercial situado em São Paulo – SP e, apresenta como objetivos um estudo da redução de consumo resultante da instalação do SMI e um levantamento a respeito das vantagens e desvantagens da sua utilização em edifícios. O SMI consiste na instalação de um medidor em cada unidade habitacional a fim de contabilizar individualmente o consumo de água, energia, gás e outros insumos ou serviços, salvo a porção utilizada nas áreas comuns do edifício, que continua sendo rateada entre os condôminos. Dessa maneira, permite uma cobrança mais justa e o surgimento de um pensamento voltado para um uso mais racional e, consequentemente mais sustentável, induzido pelo maior controle dos gastos, por parte dos consumidores, referente ao item medido. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de caso apontaram para um uso mais racional, proveniente da melhor gestão de consumo de água, possibilitada pela instalação do SMI. Como principal contribuição, este artigo apresenta um panorama geral e simples do SMI de água, atentando para as principais vantagens de sua instalação em ambientes comerciais. ABSTRACT: This article uses for its development actual data collected from the observation of a Water Individualized Measurement System (W-IMS) of a commercial building located in São Paulo - SP, and aims at achieving a system performance study and also a survey of the main advantages and disadvantages of using an W-IMS in buildings. The SMI consists of installing a meter on each housing unit to enable the individual metering of water, energy, gas and other supplies or services consumption, except the portion used in the common areas of the building, which remains divided among all building residents. The W-IMS allows a fairer charging for water consumption, and encourages the emergence of a more sustainable thinking, focused to a water rational use, induced by the consumer’s spending control. The results of the case study point to a more rational use of water from its better consumption management, made possible by the IMS facilities. Finally, the main contribution of this paper is to present an simplified overview about W-IMS, paying attention on its design details and the advantages of its installation in commercial built-up environments.

scholarly journals Exergy Analysis of 1 x 135 MW Jeneponto Steam Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Nur Hamzah ◽  
A.M Shiddiq Yunus ◽  
Waqva Enno Al Fadiyah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Destruction Efficiency ◽  
Mass Flowrate

Exergy analysis is application of the second law thermodynamics which provides information about large exergy, exergy efficiency, destruction, and destruction efficiency in each component of PLTU so can be reference for improvement and optimization in an effort to reduce losses and increase efficiency. The exergy value obtained from calculating mass flowrate, enthalpy, ambient temperature, and entropy. The destruction value is obtained from difference between input exergy value and exergy output. The destruction exergy value from comparison between output exergy value to input exergy value, and destruction efficiency value from comparison of destruction value to total destruction value of PLTU components. The results showed that the largest exergy occurred in boilers, namely 778.225 MW in 2018, 788.824 MW in 2019, and 796.824 MW in 2020, lowest exergy value in CP was 0.160 MW in 2018, 0.176 MW in 2019, and 0.160 MW in 2020. The largest destruction occurred in boilers, namely 163.970 MW with destruction efficiency 79.242% in 2018, 179.450 MW with destruction efficiency 82.111% in 2019, and 199.637 MW with destruction efficiency 83.448% in 2020, lowest exergy destruction value at CP, namely 0.056 MW with destruction efficiency 0.027% in 2018, 0.059 MW with destruction efficiency 0.027% in 2019, and 0.056 MW with destruction efficiency 0.023% in 2020. The exergy efficiency occurred in HPH 2, amounting to 94.750% in 2018, 95.187 % in 2019, and 94.728% in 2020, while lowest of exergy efficiency was in LPH 1, namely 43.637 MW in 2018, 33.512 MW in 2019, and 38.764 MW in 2020.

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