scholarly journals Moment-to-moment interaction between affectivity and coping behaviours in bipolar disorder and the role of cognitive appraisals

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hoi-ting Leung ◽  
Suzanne Ho-wai So ◽  
Nate Tsz-Kit Kwok ◽  
Iris Hoi-ching Ng ◽  
Pui-shuen Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Internal States ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Coping Behaviours

Background Individuals with bipolar disorder respond to affective symptoms with a range of coping behaviours, which may further maintain the symptoms. Aims To examine moment-to-moment dynamics between affective states and coping behaviours, and to evaluate the role of cognitive appraisals of internal states as moderators. Method Forty-six individuals with bipolar disorder completed a clinical interview and an experience sampling assessment over 6 days. Time-lagged analyses were conducted by multilevel regression modelling. Results A total of 1807 momentary entries were analysed. Negative affect predicted an increase in rumination at the subsequent time point (β = 0.21, s.e. = 0.08, P = 0.009, 95% CI 0.05–0.36), and vice versa (β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.01, P = 0.009, 95% CI 0.01–0.05). Positive affect predicted an increase in adaptive coping (β = 0.26, s.e. = 0.11, P = 0.018, 95% CI 0.04–0.47), and vice versa (β = 0.02, s.e. = 0.01, P = 0.019, 95% CI 0.00–0.03). Positive affect also predicted a decrease in rumination (β = −0.15, s.e. = 0.06, P = 0.014, 95% CI −0.26 to −0.03), and vice versa (β = −0.03, s.e. = 0.01, P = 0.016, 95% CI −0.06 to −0.01). Extreme cognitive appraisals predicted stronger associations between affective states and coping behaviours. Conclusions Feedback loops between affective states and coping behaviours were revealed in the daily life of individuals with bipolar disorder, which were moderated by extreme cognitive appraisals. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals LOCKDOWN FATIGUE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: PREDICTIVE ROLE OF PERSONAL RESILIENCE, COPING BEHAVIOURS, AND HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leodoro J. Labrague ◽  
Cherry Ann Ballad
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Coping Behaviours

AbstractBackgroundThe lockdown measures imposed by many countries since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have been useful in slowing the transmission of the disease; however, there is growing concern regarding their adverse consequences on overall health and well-being, particularly among young people. To date, most studies have focused on the mental health consequences of the lockdown measures, while studies assessing how this disease control measure influences the occurrence of fatigue are largely absent.AimThe aims of this study are two-fold: (a) to examine the levels of lockdown fatigue, and (2) to determine the role of coping behaviours, personal resilience, psychological well-being and perceived health in fatigue associated to the lockdown measure.MethodsThis is an online cross-sectional study involving 243 college students in the Central Philippines during the sixth month of the lockdown measure implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Five standardised scales were used to collect the data.ResultsOverall, college students reported moderate levels of lockdown fatigue, with a mean score of 31.54 (out of 50). Physical exhaustion or tiredness, headaches and body pain, decreased motivation and increased worry were the most pronounced manifestations of fatigue reported. Gender and college year were identified as important predictors of fatigue. Increased personal resilience and coping skills were associated with lower levels of lockdown fatigue.ConclusionCollege students experience moderate levels of fatigue during the mandatory lockdown or home confinement period. Resilient students and those who perceive higher social support experience lower levels of fatigue during the lockdown period compared to students with low resilience and social support. Lockdown fatigue may be addressed by formulating and implementing interventions to enhance personal resilience and social support among college students.

A Multi-Level Examination of Personality, Exercise, and Daily Life Events for Individuals with Physical Disabilities

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Giacobbi ◽  
Brent Hardin ◽  
Nancy Frye ◽  
Heather A. Hausenblas ◽  
Sam Sears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Moderating Role

We assessed within- and between-person associations among appraisals of daily life events, positive and negative affective states, and exercise behavior and the moderating role of personality for the exercise/affect relationship with individuals with physical disabilities. Forty-eight individuals with physical disabilities completed measures of personality and daily assessments of affect, exercise, and cognitive appraisals of life events for eight consecutive days. The results revealed that exercise behavior was associated with increased positive and decreased negative affect even when associations between daily events and affect were statistically controlled. Finally, aspects of personality, especially Neuroticism, significantly moderated the exercise/affect relationship for both positive and negative affect.

scholarly journals Considerations on assisted resilience and individualized therapy in bipolar affective disorder, with a clinical case exemplification

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bolos
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences

Morbidity, mortality and economic consequences of bipolar affective disorder are very important to be evaluated because many of the costs entailed by this psychiatric disorder come from indirect costs due to inadequate diagnosis and treatment and from the characteristics of the affective symptoms itself. Psychotherapy focuses on diagnosis and the newest pharmacotherapy determines a decreasing of the morbidity of the disorder and also of its social and economic burden . However, more studies are necessary, with more heterogeneous patients, to find more predictors regarding the psychosocial consequences and to find more information about the prognosis of the bipolar disorder.In this context, in this paper we discuss the role of assisted resilience and the individualization of the therapy of bipolar affective disorder, especially that the resilience must be seen as a continuum and can be used anytime and in any situation, according to the theory of Geanellos. This idea is reflected in a case presentation of a patient with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Stressors, Stress and Coping in Dual-Demand Environments: The Case of Working ‘Back to Schoolers’

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafna Kariv ◽  
Tali Heiman ◽  
Rishon Le Zion
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Working Students ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Coping Behaviours

The main objective of this study is to explore the coping behaviours of Israeli continuing education students who combine work and academic studies. Multi-level analyses revealed that: (1) perceived academic stress is determined by academic load and perceived work stress by workload; (2) coping strategies are related to an array of perceived stresses; and (3) perceived academic stress has a significant influence on coping strategies even after academic load, workload, social support and demographics are taken into account. A major inference of our results is that workers who face dual-demanding environments consider their work to be less controllable than their academic environment and use different coping behaviours to manage each of their dual-demand environments. Implications on the role of organisations in reducing stress of working students are discussed.

scholarly journals Perfectionism and negative/positive affect associations: the role of cognitive emotion regulation and perceived distress/coping

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Castro ◽  
Maria João Soares ◽  
Ana T. Pereira ◽  
António Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Positive Reappraisal ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Adaptive Perfectionism

Abstract Objective To explore 1) if perfectionism, perceived distress/coping, and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) are associated with and predictive of negative/positive affect (NA/PA); and 2) if CER and perceived distress/coping are associated with perfectionism and if they mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations. There is a distinction between maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism in its association with NA/PA. CER and perceived distress/coping may mediate the maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and NA/PA associations. Methods 344 students (68.4% girls) completed the Hewitt & Flett and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results NA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive CER and perceived distress (positively), positive reappraisal and planning, and perceived coping (negatively). PA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and perceived distress (negatively), positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing and perceived coping (positively). The association between maladaptive perfectionism and NA was mediated by maladaptive CER/low adaptive CER, perceived distress/low coping. Maladaptive perfectionism and low PA association was mediated by perceived distress. High PA was determined by low maladaptive perfectionism and this association was mediated by adaptive REC and coping. Adaptive perfectionism and NA association was mediated by maladaptive CER and perceived distress. Conclusion CER and perceived distress/coping are associated and mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations.

scholarly journals A mindfulness-based, stress and coping model of craving in methamphetamine users

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0249489
Author(s):  
Massy Mutumba ◽  
Judith T. Moskowitz ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Ji-Young Lee ◽  
Samantha E. Dilworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
And Coping

There is increasing interest in the role of mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions to optimize recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD). However, relatively little is known about the theory-based psychological and social pathways whereby mindfulness could have beneficial effects for managing a chronic, relapsing SUD. Informed by Revised Stress and Coping Theory, the present cross-sectional study examined affective, cognitive, and social pathways whereby mindfulness is associated with lower methamphetamine craving. A total of 161 HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men completed a screening visit for a randomized controlled trial. Using a hybrid structural equation model, we examined pathways whereby mindfulness is associated with lower methamphetamine craving. We found that greater mindfulness was directly associated with lower negative affect and higher positive affect as well as indirectly associated with less methamphetamine craving. Interestingly, the indirect association between mindfulness and methamphetamine craving appeared to be uniquely attributable to positive affect. Only positive affect was indirectly associated with lower methamphetamine craving via higher positive re-appraisal coping and greater self-efficacy for managing triggers for methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine craving was supported by moderate associations with greater substance use severity and more frequent methamphetamine use. These findings support the role of mindfulness in cultivating positive affect, which could be crucial to build the capacity of individuals to manage methamphetamine craving as a chronic stressor that threatens recovery from SUD.

scholarly journals Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokouh Arjmand ◽  
Mina Behzadi ◽  
Kristi A. Kohlmeier ◽  
Shahrzad Mazhari ◽  
Abdolreza Sabahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

AbstractObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating, lifelong neuropsychiatric illness characterised by unsteady mood states which vacillate from (hypo)mania to depression. Despite the availability of pharmaceutical agents which can be effective in ameliorating the acute affective symptoms and prevent episodic relapse, BD is inadequately treated in a subset of patients. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to exert neuromodulatory effects on other neurotransmitter systems critical in governing emotions. Several studies ranging from clinical to molecular, as well as anecdotal evidence, have placed a spotlight on the potential role of the ECS in the pathophysiology of BD. In this perspective, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabis use in the management of illness course of BD and provide mechanistic insights into how this system might contribute to the pathophysiology of BD.ResultsWe highlight the putative role of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists in BD and briefly discuss findings which provide a rationale for targeting the ECS to assuage the symptoms of BD. Further, data encourage basic and clinical studies to determine how cannabis and cannabinoids (CBs) can affect mood and to investigate emerging CB-based options as probable treatment approaches.ConclusionThe probable role of the ECS has been almost neglected in BD; however, from data available which suggest a role of ECS in mood control, it is justified to support conducting comprehensive studies to determine whether ECS manipulation could positively affect BD. Based on the limited available data, we suggest that activation of CB2 may stabilise mood in this disorder.

scholarly journals Affective and Attentional States When Running in a Virtual Reality Environment

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Neumann ◽  
Robyn Moffitt
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Better Than ◽  
High Positive Affect

Engaging in physical exercise in a virtual reality (VR) environment has been reported to improve physical effort and affective states. However, these conclusions might be influenced by experimental design factors, such as comparing VR environments against a non-VR environment without actively controlling for the presence of visual input in non-VR conditions. The present study addressed this issue to examine affective and attentional states in a virtual running task. Participants (n = 40), completed a 21 min run on a treadmill at 70% of Vmax. One group of participants ran in a computer-generated VR environment that included other virtual runners while another group ran while viewing neutral images. Participants in both conditions showed a pattern of reduced positive affect and increased tension during the run with a return to high positive affect after the run. In the VR condition, higher levels of immersive tendencies and attention/absorption in the virtual environment were associated with more positive affect after the run. In addition, participants in the VR condition focused attention more on external task-relevant stimuli and less to internal states than participants in the neutral images condition. However, the neutral images condition produced less negative affect and more enjoyment after the run than the VR condition. The finding suggest that the effects of exercising in a VR environment will depend on individual difference factors (e.g., attention/absorption in the virtual world) but it may not always be better than distracting attention away from exercise-related cues.

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