Using qualitative methods, what factors do child & adolescent higher trainees and new consultants (within 1 year of appointment), report in choosing their higher training subspecialty?

AimsThis Research aims to identify factors reported by recent and current trainees in choosing Child & Adolescent (C&A) Psychiatry for their higher training/career path. The hypothesis is that via thematic analysis prominent factors will emerge to inform future recruitment and retention.BackgroundThe need to attract more doctors into Psychiatry has been identified by NHS, Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Media; Health Education England figures show core psychiatry had lowest fill rates of any specialty in 2016,17 &18.Some subspecialties experience particular difficulties e.g. C&A. Royal College of Psychiatry analysis of workforce in March 2018 showed the numbers of C&A psychiatrists of all grades have fallen by 6.3% in four years and for consultants alone the decrease was 6.9% over the same period.However, very little research has been completed investigating why trainees might choose C&A Psychiatry with a literature search revealing only one report of C&A trainees views in the UK in 2006.MethodA qualitative design was chosen to provide insight into the factors affecting participants in choosing their career.The theoretical framework supporting the study relates to capturing experience via a case study approach, aiming to explore reported issues in a real life context and considering similarities in the cases to inform future recruitment.The Research was approved by The Health Research Authority and local Research & Development departments.Purposeful sampling was used with voluntary participation following informed consent and non-identifiable demographic data were collected and analysed quantatively.Semi-structured interviews to saturation were conducted with fourteen (N = 14) participants asked questions exploring their subspecialty choice. Responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to thematic analysis, including triangulation via a co-coding process to check areas were not over-represented and/or subject to researcher thoughts and possible unconscious biases.ResultSemi-structured interviews included all North-East C&A trainees and 3 recently qualified Consultants.Demographics results included 5 male and 6 female participants and 6 non-UK graduates.Emergent themes were analysed into key findings including: –interest in children/specialty–specialty experience–supportive supervisors/team–work-life balance–opportunity to impact/intervene early.Limitations include study of a single geographical area and possible researcher bias.ConclusionThis Research provides novel findings re factors influencing career choice of C&A Psychiatry to inform future recruitment and retention. Clear themes have emerged re important recruitment/retention factors and the study highlights need for more research to investigate reasons why C&A is not chosen.

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‘Why didn’t they see my scars?’ Critical thematic analysis of simulated participants’ perceived tensions surrounding objective structured clinical examinations

Advances in Simulation ◽

10.1186/s41077-021-00179-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mairead Corrigan ◽

Helen J. Reid ◽

Pascal P. McKeown

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Medical Students ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Real Life ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Clinical Encounters ◽

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations ◽

Power And Agency

Abstract Background Simulated participants (SPs) play an important role in simulated assessments of clinical encounters between medical students and patients, most notably in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). SP contributions to OSCEs are invaluable, taking the role of a patient or carer. While SPs in some settings/contexts may rate students, their role has been problematized in the literature for their lack of agency within a standardised format of OSCEs that promotes reliability, objectivity and accountability. In this study, we explored SP experiences for tensions that result from simulated assessments and their potential implications for education. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven SPs who were also tasked with providing a global mark for students. They were purposively selected to include women and men of different ages, occupation, education and experience as an SP. The interviews were analysed using a critical thematic analysis using a phenomenological approach. Results SP experiences directly addressed tensions and contradictions around OSCEs. SP participants described their experiences under four themes: industrialising, reducing, performativity and patient safety. OSCEs were compared to an industrial process that promoted efficiency but which bore no resemblance to real-life doctor-patient encounters. They were perceived to have a power and agency that reduced SPs to verbalising scripts to ensure that students were exposed to a standardised simulated experience that also underlined the performative role of SPs as props. These performative and reductionist experiences extended to students, for whom the mark sheet acted as a checklist, promoting standardised responses that lacked genuineness. All of this created a tension for SPs in promoting patient safety by ensuring that those medical students who passed were clinically competent. Conclusions OSCEs often form part of high-stakes exams. As such, they are governed by processes of industrialisation, accountability and standardisation. OSCEs possess a power and agency that can have unintended negative consequences. These include ‘conditioning’ students to adopt behaviours that are not suited to real-life clinical encounters and are not person-centred.

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LOCATING MULTILINGUAL LITERACIES: A CASE STUDY OF LITERACY PRACTICES AT THE FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY (FJWU), RAWALPINDI

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2021.93117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1191-1201

Author(s):

Saima Umer ◽

Sarwet Rasul ◽

Sumaira ◽

Zafar Iqbal

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Literacy Practices ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Real Life ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Data Collection Process ◽

Proper Training ◽

Definition Of ◽

Training Need ◽

Global World

Purpose: The present study attempts to analyze literacy practices of adults with low academic qualifications in their work domain to prove that the traditional definition of literacy as merely an ability to read and write may not prove an effective yardstick in the postmodern digitalized global world. Methods: The research is contextualized in nature and takes place in real-life settings of Pakistani society. The researchers collected the data through semi/non-structured interviews based on a questionnaire consisted of 53 questions, excluding demographic-related details. The duration of the fieldwork was almost one month. During the data collection process, the researcher kept on tailoring the questions to have insights into the LNL practices of adults concerning the aim of the study and the progression of the interviews/conversation. Main Findings: The study finds multiliteracies in the work domains of sanitary workers in the shape of LNL and technology integration. Sanitary workers seem to utilize less English language vocabulary, specifically naming (nouns), i.e., washroom, cleaners/acids, vacuum cleaner, biometrics, blower, floor machine, or mobile phones. Workers also use diverse literacy practices in their communications, i.e., multilingual lexicon, numeracy, or digital literacies. Application of the Study: The findings suggest that this workplace multilingualism and multiliteracy practices would help the organizations (public/private) to instruct their employees/staff for purposeful communication(s). Moreover, this study would facilitate the process of training need analysis (TNA) during the trainings as the model of the present research can be adapted by the trainers to assess the literacy level(s) of the trainees for better classifications to provide proper training according to their prior knowledge. The Originality of the Study: According to the researchers' best knowledge, this type of study appeared not conducted in a specific field in the selected geographical area. Moreover, the research offers a new theoretical framework to conduct a multiliteracy study in sanitary works.

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Developing labour productivity norms for aluminium system formwork in Sri Lanka

Built Environment Project and Asset Management ◽

10.1108/bepam-09-2015-0049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruchini Senarath Jayasinghe ◽

Nirodha Gayani Fernando

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Low Cost ◽

Labour Productivity ◽

Real Life ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

Life Project ◽

Housing Projects ◽

Study Approach ◽

Document Review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish labour productivity norms (LPNs) on an elemental basis to investigate a measurement for the labour productivity (LP) of aluminium system formwork (ASF) in low-cost housing projects (LHPs) in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Case study approach was selected as the most appropriate for the study and semi-structured interviews, document review and direct observations were used for the data collection. Four case studies were conducted. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted among four cases. Further, document review was used in three cases, and direct observation was used in one case. The validation of the results was not possible in a real life project due to time limitations. Findings The findings identified six labour productivity factors (LPFs) affecting the LP of ASF. The need for LPNs for ASF on an elemental basis is identified. Further, LPNs were developed using LPFs. Research limitations/implications This research was limited to LHPs for underserved settlements in Colombo, Sri Lanka which use ASF. The LPNs were prepared based on time studies and were restricted to structural elements such as slabs, beams and columns. Originality/value The LPNs were developed for ASF in LHPs based on the effect of weather, crew, site, management and project factors. Further, the study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the development of LPNs of ASF for LPHs in Sri Lanka. LPNs for ASF have enhanced LP while promoting economic and social stability in the industry.

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‘Are we on the same wavelength?’ International nurses and the process of confronting and adjusting to clinical communication in Australia

Communication & Medicine ◽

10.1558/cam.28953 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 263-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tonia Crawford ◽

Peter Roger ◽

Sally Candlin

Keyword(s):

Communication Skills ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Care Setting ◽

Linguistically Diverse ◽

The Other ◽

Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽

Central Theme ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Clinical Communication ◽

Professional Experiences

Effective communication skills are important in the health care setting in order to develop rapport and trust with patients, provide reassurance, assess patients effectively and provide education in a way that patients easily understand (Candlin and Candlin, 2003). However with many nurses from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds being recruited to fill the workforce shortfall in Australia, communication across cultures with the potential for miscommunication and ensuing risks to patient safety has gained increasing focus in recent years (Shakya and Horsefall, 2000; Chiang and Crickmore, 2009). This paper reports on the first phase of a study that examines intercultural nurse patient communication from the perspective of four Registered Nurses from CALD backgrounds working in Australia. Five interrelating themes that were derived from thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews are discussed. The central theme of ‘adjustment’ was identified as fundamental to the experiences of the RNs and this theme interrelated with each of the other themes that emerged: professional experiences with communication, ways of showing respect, displaying empathy, and vulnerability.

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Theoretizing A New Sustainable Business Event: Extension of Mair and Jago Model

Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research ◽

10.24191/jeeir.v3i2.9059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Norol Hamiza Zamzuri ◽

Khairil Wahidin Awang ◽

Yuhanis Abdul Aziz ◽

Zaiton Samdin

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Sustainable Business ◽

Knowledge Resources ◽

Business Events ◽

And Performance ◽

Event Based

The growth of the event sector is underpinned by the demand of organizing a business event. Thus, it leads to an increase in economic and social impact. However, the problems from the growth of this sector potentially results from the use of several event materials, transportation and infrastructure development. Organizing a green event is seen as one of the strategies to reduce the environmental impact. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the issues involved throughout the process of greening an event by applying Mair and Jago Model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with event managers from six Malaysia business event companies that encourage green practices during their event. Findings suggest that impact, initiative, support and performance motivates event organizers in organizing a green event. It has also been found that knowledge, resources and behaviour are the barriers faced by event organizers throughout the process of organizing a green event. Based on the findings it appears that two important factors have emerged from the data collection and analysis that showed a deviation from the Mair and Jago Model, namely “impact” for the motivation element and “support” for the barrier element. The main limitation of this study was the scope of the study; as it only focuses on business events. However, as the main purpose of this study is to explore the issues of organizing a green event, it has been found that there are other issues need to be explored in other contexts and geographical area. Apart from this, as this is a case study, it can only replicate according to the circumstances of this case study. However, this study can be generalized in terms of the theory that has emerged from it. It is suggested that further research should explore more issues in other contexts and geographical areas.

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OP0257-PARE USING PATIENT HEALTH LITERACY PROFILES TO IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES FACED IN RHEUMATOLOGY CARE

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 162.2-162

Author(s):

M. Bakker ◽

P. Putrik ◽

J. Rademakers ◽

M. Van de Laar ◽

H. Vonkeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Health System ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Family Doctor ◽

List Type ◽

Research Support ◽

Score Distribution ◽

Patient Health ◽

Literacy Profiles

Background:The prevalence of limited health literacy (i.e. cognitive and social resources of individuals to access, understand and apply health information to promote and maintain good health) in the Netherlands is estimated to be over 36% [1]. Access to and outcomes of rheumatological care may be compromised by limited patient health literacy, yet little is known about how to address this, thus action is required. As influencing individual patients’ health literacy in the rheumatology context is often unrealistic, it is paramount for the health system to be tailored to the health literacy needs of its patients. The OPtimising HEalth LIteracy and Access (Ophelia) process offers a method to inform system change [2].Objectives:Following the Ophelia approach:a. Identify health literacy profiles reflecting strengths and weaknesses of outpatients with RA, SpA and gout.b. Use the health literacy profiles to facilitate discussions on challenges for patients and professionals in rheumatological care and identify possible solutions the health system could offer to address these challenges.Methods:Patients with RA, SpA and gout attending outpatient clinics in three centres in the Netherlands completed the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and questions on socio-demographic and health-related characteristics. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method identified clusters based on the nine HLQ domains. Three researchers jointly examined 24 cluster solutions for meaningfulness by interpreting HLQ domain scores and patient characteristics. Meaningful clusters were translated into health literacy profiles using HLQ patterns and demographic data. A patient research partner confirmed the identified profiles. Patient vignettes were designed by combining cluster analyses results with qualitative patient interviews. The vignettes were used in two two-hour co-design workshops with rheumatologists and nurses to discuss their perspective on health literacy-related challenges for patients and professionals, and generate ideas on how to address these challenges.Results:In total, 895 patients participated: 49% female, mean age 61 years (±13.0), 25% lived alone, 18% had a migrant background, 6.6% did not speak Dutch at home and 51% had low levels of education. Figure 1 shows a heat map of identified health literacy profiles, displaying the score distribution per profile across nine health literacy domains. Figure 2 shows an excerpt of a patient vignette, describing challenges for a patient with profile number 9. The workshops were attended by 7 and 14 nurses and rheumatologists. Proposed solutions included health literacy communication training for professionals, developing and improving (visual) patient information materials, peer support for patients through patient associations or group consultations, a clear referral system for patients who need additional guidance by a nurse, social worker, lifestyle coach, pharmacist or family doctor, and more time with rheumatology nurses for target populations. Moreover, several system adaptations to the clinic, such as a central desk for all patient appointments, were proposed.Conclusion:This study identified several distinct health literacy profiles of patients with rheumatic conditions. Engaging with health professionals in co-design workshops led to numerous bottom-up ideas to improve care. Next steps include co-design workshops with patients, followed by prioritising and testing proposed interventions.References:[1]Heijmans M. et al. Health Literacy in the Netherlands. Utrecht: Nivel 2018[2]Batterham R. et al. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:694Disclosure of Interests:Mark Bakker: None declared, Polina Putrik: None declared, Jany Rademakers Speakers bureau: In March 2017, Prof. Dr. Rademakers was invited to speak about health literacy at the “Heuvellanddagen” Conference, hosted by Janssen-Cilag., Mart van de Laar Consultant of: Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: Sanofi Genzyme, Harald Vonkeman: None declared, Marc R Kok Grant/research support from: BMS and Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis and Galapagos, Hanneke Voorneveld: None declared, Sofia Ramiro Grant/research support from: MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Maarten de Wit Grant/research support from: Dr. de Wit reports personal fees from Ely Lilly, 2019, personal fees from Celgene, 2019, personal fees from Pfizer, 2019, personal fees from Janssen-Cilag, 2017, outside the submitted work., Consultant of: Dr. de Wit reports personal fees from Ely Lilly, 2019, personal fees from Celgene, 2019, personal fees from Pfizer, 2019, personal fees from Janssen-Cilag, 2017, outside the submitted work., Speakers bureau: Dr. de Wit reports personal fees from Ely Lilly, 2019, personal fees from Celgene, 2019, personal fees from Pfizer, 2019, personal fees from Janssen-Cilag, 2017, outside the submitted work., Richard Osborne Consultant of: Prof. Osborne is a paid consultant for pharma in the field of influenza and related infectious diseases., Roy Batterham: None declared, Rachelle Buchbinder: None declared, Annelies Boonen Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Consultant of: Galapagos, Lilly (all paid to the department)

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Acceptance of the HPV Vaccine in a Multiethnic Sample of Latinx Mothers

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732320980697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 472-483

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽

Madelyne J. Valdez ◽

Denisse Delgado ◽

Emily Restrepo ◽

Yessica M. Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Future Research ◽

Care Providers ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Direct Benefits ◽

Multiethnic Sample

This descriptive qualitative study explored Latinx mothers’ acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for their adolescent children. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a hybrid method of thematic analysis that incorporated deductive and inductive approaches. Twenty-two ( n = 22), mostly foreign-born, Latinx mothers of male and female adolescents participated in the study. Three main themes and nine subthemes emerged from the analyses. Findings identified the need for increased efforts to raise awareness and knowledge among Latinx mothers of the direct benefits of the HPV vaccine for sons, including stressing prevention of HPV-associated cancers in males. Findings also underscore the need for improved health care providers’ communication and recommendation of the HPV vaccine for Latinx adolescent males. Future research should intervene upon the study’s findings to address barriers that remain and affect Latinx mothers’ acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine for their children, in particular their sons.

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Perspectives of Transgender Women Toward Study Recruitment and Retention: Thematic Analysis from Thailand

Sexuality Research and Social Policy ◽

10.1007/s13178-021-00579-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pich Seekaew ◽

Rena Janumnuaysook ◽

Sita Lujintanon ◽

Praditporn Pongtriang ◽

Siriporn Nonnoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Recruitment And Retention ◽

Study Recruitment

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Staying Home, Staying Alive: Campus Food Pantry Student Clients’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Applied Social Science ◽

10.1177/19367244211035671 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193672442110356

Author(s):

Elmira Jangjou

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Postsecondary Students ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Short Term ◽

Income Loss ◽

Food Pantry ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Seeking Help

In response to students’ food insecurity, a number of colleges and universities have taken action and established campus food pantries as part of their intervention plans. However, many of these pantries ceased operation due to COVID-19 campus shutdowns. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the short-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on postsecondary students, who use a university-provided food pantry. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, the thematic analysis explored the initial coping strategies these students used to endure the pandemic. Findings revealed that many students experienced the immediate effects of the pandemic in the form of income loss, self-isolation, anxiety, and appetite change. Although the pandemic interrupted these students’ journeys to continue their studies and become independent in various ways, the affected students implemented various coping strategies, including seeking help from family or friends, using available resources, cooking at home, and even trying to save money. However, considering that the targeted population in this study was already at risk because of their basic needs insecurity, these postsecondary students require extra attention from their higher education institutions in the case of emergencies, such as a global pandemic. In addition to its timely and relevant findings, this study provides important avenues for future research and intervention efforts.

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Experiences of New Zealand Haemodialysis Patients in Relation to Food and Nutrition Management: A Qualitative Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2299

Author(s):

Rachael M. McLean ◽

Zhengxiu Xie ◽

Vicky Nelson ◽

Vili Nosa ◽

Hla Thein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Extended Family ◽

Culturally Appropriate ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Nutrition Management ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Major Disruption

People receiving haemodialysis have considerable and complex dietary and healthcare needs, including co-morbidities. A recent New Zealand study has shown that few patients on haemodialysis are able to meet nutritional requirements for haemodialysis. This study aims to describe the perspectives and experiences of dietary management among patients on haemodialysis in New Zealand. This exploratory qualitative study used in-depth semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from different ethnic groups. Forty interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was taken using thematic analysis. Forty participants were interviewed. Participants spoke of major disruption to their lives as a result of their chronic kidney disease and being on haemodialysis, including loss of employment, financial challenges, loss of independence, social isolation and increased reliance on extended family. Most had received adequate dietary information, although some felt that more culturally appropriate support would have enabled a healthier diet. These findings show that further support to make the recommended dietary changes while on haemodialysis should focus on socio-cultural factors, in addition to the information already provided.

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