Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa in British Blacks

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil L. Holden ◽  
Paul H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
White Control ◽  
Clinic Population

Thirteen black patients were referred over 5 years to the eating-disorders unit at the Maudsley Hospital. Two suffered from anorexia nervosa and 11 from bulimia nervosa. This group was compared with a matched white control group from the total clinic population during that period. The Blacks had more commonly experienced parental divorce or separation, and premorbid obesity, and were more likely to be referred by the emergency services. Their lower educational achievements, and fathers of lower socio-economic status, reflected variation among the general black and white populations in this country, but their educational levels and social statuses were higher than in the general black population.

DISSOCIATION IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Schumaker ◽  
William G. Warren ◽  
Gwenda S. Schreiber ◽  
Craig C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Degree Of Dissociation ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study employed the Riley Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation in order to assess degree of dissociation in females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The subjects consisted of 26 anorexic and 18 bulimic females, and a non eating-disordered control group of 22 females. Results indicated that eating disordered subjects, considered together, had significantly higher dissociation scores than the non eating-disordered control group. Additionally, when considered separately, both the anorexic and bulimic groups had significantly higher dissociation scores than the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the level of dissociation between anorexic and bulimic groups. These findings are discussed in relation to previous investigations and implications for possible future research and treatment.

PERSONALITY AND SELF-CONCEPT IN SUBGROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica B. FÄldt Ciccolo ◽  
Per Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Degree

The question of subgroups in eating disorders was addressed in this study. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV, the two subtypes for anorexia nervosa are restricting and binge-eating/purging. For bulimia nervosa, the subtypes are purging and nonpurging. An attempt was made here to examine alternative ways to create meaningful subgroups in the eating-disordered patient group. A cluster analysis was performed in a group of 52 female patients (AN=21, BN=31). Fifty-five undergraduate students served as a control group. Three self-report instruments were used: the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Karolinska Scales of Personality, and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. The results reveal three different groups of patients. Factors like poor interoceptive ability and high degree of somatization differentiate between the groups, and contribute to severity of pathology, as well as to lower levels of self-concept.The results reveal three different groups of patients. Factors like poor interoceptive ability and high degree of somatization differentiate between the groups, and contribute to severity of pathology, as well as to lower levels of self-concept.

A Comparison of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections in Black and White Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Holley ◽  
Judith Bernardini ◽  
Beth Piraino
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Exit Site ◽  
Exit Site Infection ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependence ◽  
White Control ◽  
White Patients

Objective To determine if black patients in our peritoneal dialysis (PD) program had higher rates of PD-related infections. The outcomes of black patients versus white patients were also reviewed. Design A review of prospectively collected patient demographic and PD-related infection data and out comes, from 1979 to 1991. Patients The 68 black patients in our PD program were matched with white control patients for age, sex, insulin dependence, time on dialysis, and mode of dialysis (CAPD or CCPD). The infection, demographic, and outcome data from the two groups were compared. Results Black patients had higher peritonitis rates (1.10 vs 0.82 episodeslyear, p=0.001) and exit-site infection rates (1.13 vs 0.95 episodeslyear, p=0.02) than the white control patients. Tunnel infection rates were 0.21 episodeslyear in both groups. S. epidermidis peritonitis was more common in black patients (48% of episodes vs 21% of episodes in whites, p=0.005), and S. aureus peritonitis was more common in white patients (29% vs 11% in blacks, p=0.005). The subset of black patients (n=13) on a disconnect system (Y-set) had a peritonitis rate similar to their white controls on the Y-set (0.41 vs 0.74 episodes/year, p=0.27). There were no episodes of S. epidermidis peritonitis in this subset of black patients. Black patients had fewer S. aureus exit-site infections than white patients (21% vs 41%, p=0.005). Peritonitis was the leading cause of transfer to hemodialysis in the black patients but not in the white patients. Conclusion The susceptibility to S. aureus and S. epidermidis infections differs in black and white patients on peritoneal dialysis for unclear reasons. Peritonitis rates in black patients can be reduced to that of white patients if a disconnect system is used.

The links between body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rabe-Jablonska Jolanta ◽  
M. Sobow Tomasz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls

SummaryThe aim of the study was to search for a body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) period preceding the symptoms meeting the criteria of either anorexia or bulimia nervosa, and an evaluation of the prevalence of BDD symptoms in a control group of girls without any eating disorder. Ninety-three girls (12–21 years old) were included in the study (36 with anorexia nervosa, 17 with bulimia nervosa and 40 healthy controls). The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), including the BDD module, and a novel questionnaire (for the presence of preceding life events) were used. We found the symptoms of BDD in 25% of anorexia nervosa sufferers for at least six months before observing a clear eating disorder picture. Moreover, other mental disorders were also present among these patients. The results may support the idea that BDD and anorexia nervosa both belong to either OCD or affective disorders spectra.

Autonomic Arousal in Eating Disorders: Further Evidence for the Clinical Subdivision of Anorexia Nervosa

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calloway ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Anthony Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Conductance Level

SummaryAutonomic arousal, measured by skin conductance level and response, was examined in 36 female patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 32 control subjects. No differences were found between the control group and anorexics who lost weight solely through dieting (restricting anorexics). Patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and anorexics with bulimic features, however, showed fewer spontaneous skin conductance responses and were faster to habituate to 85 dB tones than either controls or restricting anorexic patients. The pattern of findings supports recent views concerning the clinical subdivision of anorexia nervosa.

Exploring Experience of Family Relations by Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Using a Projective Family Test

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Erica B. Fäldt Ciccolo
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Maturity Fears

Elements of family dynamics have been shown to be related to onset, course, as well as prognosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The goal was to explore the experience of family relations in a group of patients with eating disorders using a projective family test. The Patient group (anorexia = 21, bulimia=16), as well as a healthy Control group, were given a projective family test, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, as well as Karolinska Scales of Personality. The Patient group expressed more discord within the family picture than the Control group, such as cold and loveless relationships and not feeling validated. The group of patients reporting the most family discord did not show more eating disorder pathology or general psychopathology. They did, however, have higher scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory—2 subscale Maturity Fears, as well as higher values on the Karolinska Scales of Personality subscale Socialization. These results are interpreted within the background of methodological challenges in this area of research.

Sexual Abuse in Patients with Eating Disorder, Patients with Depression, and Normal Controls

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Vize ◽  
Peter J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of

BackgroundA history of sexual abuse has been widely reported in patients with eating disorders. However, the association does not appear to be specific, because a high rate of such abuse has also been found in other psychiatric patients.MethodA standardised interview method was used to elicit details of sexual abuse in a psychiatrically normal control group and samples of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or depression.ResultsAn equally high rate of abuse was found in all three clinical samples. Among the patients with anorexia nervosa the presence of bulimic episodes was not found to be associated with reports of abuse; and among the patients with bulimia nervosa there was no relationship between abuse and a history of anorexia nervosa. Among the patients with eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, assessed by means of self-report questionnaire, was not found to be related to reports of abuse, although there was an association between abuse and both indices of impulsive behaviour and the overall level of personality disturbance.ConclusionsChildhood sexual abuse appears to be a vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorder in general and not eating disorders in particular. The way in which abuse interacts with other aetiological factors to produce different psychopathological trajectories remains to be elucidated.

Puberty, sexual milestones and abuse: how are they related in eating disorder patients?

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schmidt ◽  
K. Evans ◽  
J. Tiller ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
History Of

SynopsisIn order to assess the relationship between pubertal development, sexual milestones and childhood sexual abuse in women with eating disorders, 44 patients with restricting anorexia nervosa (RAN), 26 with bulimic anorexia nervosa (BAN), 29 with bulimia nervosa and also with a history of anorexia nervosa (BN/HistAN), and 69 with bulimia nervosa but without a history of anorexia nervosa (BN) completed questionnaires on pubertal and sexual development and unpleasant sexual experiences. Forty-four female college students completed the sexual development questionnaire only. Different eating disorder groups were found to be similar in terms of their pubertal development. All eating disorder groups showed delays in aspects of their psychosexual development (age at first kiss, masturbation, genital fondling and first sexual intercourse) compared with the control group, although to a different degree.The RAN group was delayed on almost all sexual milestones whereas the other groups were delayed on only some. On some variables, most noticeably on first sexual intercourse, restricters also were more delayed than the other eating disorder groups. Similarly, the median number of sexual partners differed significantly between groups (RAN = 1, BAN = 2, BN/HistAN = 4, BN = 4, controls = 5, P < 0·0001). Eating disorder patients, in particular RAN patients, were less positive about sexual relationships than controls, but did not differ from controls in attitudes to masturbation, marriage, children or pregnancy. Of the eating disorder patients 22−31% had been sexually abused during childhood. A history of abuse affected attitudes to masturbation, but did not appear to affect sexual development.

The implicit “Thin Ideal” in eating disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 720-720
Author(s):  
E. Fadda ◽  
S. Fronza ◽  
E. Galimberti ◽  
L. Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Concept Attribute

IntroductionGreenwald and co-workers developed The implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit automatic concept-attribute associations. Evidences have suggested that Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) were characterized by “Ideal Thin” construct.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was the evaluation, at an implicit level, of Ideal Thin construct in a sample of Eating Disorders (ED) patients.MethodsAn “Ideal thin” Implicit Association Tests (Ideal thin IAT) has been modeled, to evaluate the implicit ideal thin in ED patients compared with an healthy control group. IAT test has been administered to a sample composed by 17 AN patients, 14 BN patients, 17 Binge Eating patients (BED) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The target categories, were “OVERWEIGHT / UNDERWEIGHT” and “POSITIVE / NEGATIVE”. Stimuli included pictures of overweight and normal weight models and positive/negative words. A positive IAT effect underlines an implicit tendency to associate the category “UNDERWEIGHT” with negative attributes, instead a negative IAT effect suggest an implicit tendency to associate the same category with positive attributes.ResultsResults showed no significant difference between HC and clinical groups in implicit “Ideal Thin construct”. All groups showed positive IAT effect. No correlations between implicit attitude and clinical variables were found.ConclusionResults show a common implicit tendency generalized in the sample to positively judge underweight. This implicit tendency was stronger in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (0,30), than patents with Bulimia Nervosa (0,41), than Healthy Control (0,42), followed by patients with BED (0,56).

Personality trait risk factors for attempted suicide among young women with eating disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Youssef ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
M. Corcos ◽  
M.F. Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group

AbstractObjectiveClinical observations and a review of the literature led us to hypothesize that certain personality and character traits could provide improved understanding, and thus improved prevention, of suicidal behaviour among young women with eating disorders.MethodThe clinical group consisted of 152 women aged between 18 and 24 years, with DSM-IV anorexia nervosa/restrictive type (AN-R = 66), anorexia nervosa/purging type (AN-P = 37), bulimia nervosa/non-purging type (BN-NP = 9), or bulimia nervosa/purging type (BN-P = 40). The control group consisted of 140 subjects. The assessment measures were the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—second version (MMPI-2) scales and subscales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used to control for current depressive symptoms, plus a specific questionnaire concerning suicide attempts.ResultsSuicide attempts were most frequent in subjects with purging behaviour (30.0% for BN-P and 29.7% for AN-P). Those attempting suicide among subjects with eating disorders were mostly students (67.8%). For women with AN-R the scales for ‘Depression’ and ‘Antisocial practices’ represented significant suicidal risk, for women with AN-P the scales for ‘Hysteria’, ‘Psychopathic deviate’, ‘Shyness/Self-consciousness’, ‘Antisocial Practices’, ‘Obsessiveness’ and ‘Low self-esteem’ were risk indicators and for women with BN-P the ‘Psychasthenia’, ‘Anger’ and ‘Fears’ scales were risk indicators.ConclusionThis study provides interesting results concerning the personality traits of young women with both eating disorders and suicidal behaviour. Students and those with purging behaviour are most at risk. Young women should be given more attention with regard to the risk of suicide attempts if they: (a) have AN-R with a tendency to self-punishment and antisocial conduct, (b) have AN-P with multiple physical complaints, are not at ease in social situations and have antisocial behaviour, or (c) if they have BN-P and tend to be easily angered with obsessive behaviour and phobic worries. The MMPI-2 is an interesting assessment method for the study of traits indicating a risk of suicidal behaviour in young subjects, after controlling for current depressive pathology.

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