Psychological Interventions in Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Evaluative Research

BackgroundInfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity. This paper summarises the main forms of psychological intervention currently used, and reviews research evidence for their efficacy.MethodPublications on the mental health aspects of HIV infection and psychological interventions were identified through the main HIV journals and general psychiatric and psychological periodicals, with the assistance ofAIDS Abstracts.ResultsPublications concerned psychological interventions at the time of HIV testing, interventions for infected people at different stages of disease, and risk-reduction interventions. While many publications were identified describing uncontrolled investigations, only a few studies had involved systematic evaluative research.ConclusionsThere is a need for systematic evaluation of psychological interventions for HIV infection, in terms of both efficacy and cost.

scholarly journals Integrating Antiretroviral Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention: Post- and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Early Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grant ◽  
Dawn K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Best practices for integrating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral interventions for prevention and treatment are suggested based on research evidence and existing normative guidance. The goal is to provide high-impact prevention services during periods of substantial risk. Antiretroviral medications are recommended for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and treatment of HIV infection. We reviewed research evidence and current normative guidelines to identify best practices for integrating these high-impact prevention strategies. More sensitive HIV tests used for screening enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, more appropriate counseling, and help limit drug resistance. A fully suppressive PEP regimen should be initiated based on exposure history or physical findings when sensitive diagnostic testing is delayed or not available and antibody tests are negative. Transitions from PEP to PrEP are often warranted because HIV exposure events may continue to occur. This algorithmic approach to integrating PEP, PrEP, and early treatment decisions may increase the uptake of these interventions by a greater number and diversity of knowledgeable healthcare providers.

Heterosexual spread of HIV infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Stratton ◽  
Nancy J Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Sexual transmission is the most common route of spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with heterosexual transmission of HIV infection accounting for 90% of those infected in 1992 and over 75% of the 10–12 million of those infected to date worldwide. Yet, heterosexual transmission is poorly understood. Since HIV can be transmitted from HIV-infected people who are asymptomatic as well as from those who have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we must better define the potential for transmission of HIV from HIV-infected individuals as well as the factors which influence the susceptibility of HIV-uninfected individuals.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Ryan ◽  
Edward Connor ◽  
Anthony Minnefor ◽  
Frank Desposito ◽  
James Oleske
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yoshino ◽  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals FRI0435 THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM AUTOANTIBODIES AND HLA-B27 MOLECULE TESTING IN UYGUR PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 815.3-815
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
C. N. Luo ◽  
Y. M. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Rate

Background:AIDS is a deadly infectious disease caused by the HIV. When HIV infects a host, it may induce production of autoantibodies due to the structural antigen similarity between viral proteins and selfantigens.The molecular mimicry between HIV protein and self-antigens could cause antibody cross-reactions and lead to development of autoimmune disease.Objectives:To explore the clinical value of serum autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) molecular testing in Uygur patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Methods:A total of 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients who visited Kuche Infectious Diseases Hospital during May 2016 to March 2017 were include in this study. The other 390 healthy people were enrolled as controls. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and ANA Profile, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody, and HLA-B27 molecule were tested.Results:Among 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients, 317 were males and 410 were females with mean age (35.52±13.44) years old. The mean duration of disease was (6.34±3.05)years. There were 697(95.87%) patients receiving Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with mean duration of treatment (6.34±3.05)years. Rheumatic manifestations were recorded in 238 (32.74%) HIV-infected Uygur patients, mainly with dry mouth and dry eye (15.41%), alopecia (9.90%), arthralgia (8.94%), ect. Compared with the health controls, positive ANA was more common in HIV infected Uygur patients (33.42%vs.17.43%,P< 0.001) with low titers (ANA titer:1:100). HIV-infected Uygur patients had higher positive anti-u1-RNP antibodies positive rate (1.10%), but lower anti-SSA antibodies positive rate (0.14%) and anti-CCP antibodies positive rate (0.28%). Patients with positive ANA in HAART group were significantly less than that in non-treatment group (38.72%vs.50.00%,P=0.049).Only one female patient was HLA-B27 positive (0.14%), which was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (3.08%) (P<0.001). Also, only one patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Conclusion:Rheumatic manifestations are common in HIV-infected Uygur patients. Several autoantibodies are positive, but the coincidence of rheumatic diseases is rare. It’s noted that patients with Rheumatic manifestations and low titre positive ANA should be considered as a differential diagnosis of HIV infection.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Cryptococcal infection of the colon in a patient without concurrent human immunodeficiency infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Quincho-Lopez ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
John M. Nesemann ◽  
Rogger Verona-Rubio ◽  
Dina Carayhua-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Histopathology Examination

AbstractCryptococcosis is a fungal infection that is rarely reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially when the central nervous system (CNS) or pulmonary system is not involved. We report a case of isolated colonic cryptococcosis without disseminated disease in a 64-year-old immunocompetent woman without HIV infection who presented with chronic diarrhea and no episodes of fever or weight loss. The diagnosis was based on histopathology examination. Furthermore, we performed a literature review showing that few reports have been published so far and in the case of colonic cryptococcal infection, the prognosis is favorable among HIV-uninfected patients.

Autoimmunity against blood cells in human immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
J. Lelie ◽  
J. M. A. Lange ◽  
J. J. E. Vos ◽  
C. M. Dalen ◽  
S. A. Danner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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