Reduction of the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus in patients with chronic schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Razi ◽  
Kimberly P. Greene ◽  
Michael Sakuma ◽  
Shuming Ge ◽  
Maureen Kushner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThere have been many studies reporting reduced volume of the hippocampus or other limbic structures in patients with schizophrenia, but the literature is inconsistent.AimsTo compare patients with either first-episode or chronic schizophrenia with controls using high-resolution volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.MethodThirteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 27 with chronic schizophrenia and 31 controls had 1.5 mm coronal slices taken through the whole brain using a spoiled-grass MRI acquisition protocol.ResultsThe parahippocampal gyrus was reduced significantly on the left side in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with controls for both male and female patients, whereas the hippocampus was reduced significantly on both sides only in female patients. There were no significant reductions in any structure between patients with first-episode schizophrenia and controls.ConclusionsVolumetric reduction seen in patients with chronic schizophrenia may be due to an active degenerative process occurring after the onset of illness.

An fMRI study of face encoding and recognition in first-episode schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantha P. P. Anilkumar ◽  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Ravi Mehrotra ◽  
Ingrid Aasen ◽  
Martina T. Mitterschiffthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
On Line ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Background:Schizophrenia has been associated with limited abilities to interact effectively in social situations. Face perception and ability to recognise familiar faces are critical for social interaction. Patients with chronic schizophrenia are known to show impaired face recognition. Studying first-episode (FE) patients allows the exclusion of confounding effects of chronicity, medication and institutionalisation in this deficit.Objective:To determine brain (dys)functions during a face encoding and recognition paradigm in FE schizophrenia.Methods:Thirteen antipsychotic-naïve FE schizophrenia patients and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a face encoding and recognition paradigm. Behavioural responses were recorded on line.Results:Patients recognised significantly fewer of previously presented faces than the controls (p = 0.008). At the neural level, both groups activated a network of regions including the fusiform area, occipital, temporal and frontal regions. In brain activity, the two groups did not differ in any region during encoding or recognition conditions (p > 0.05, corrected or uncorrected).Conclusions:Our findings show impaired face recognition without a significant alteration of related brain activity in FE schizophrenia patients. It is possible that neural changes become more strongly evident with progression of the illness, and manifest themselves as behavioural impairments during the early course.

Cavum Septi Pellucidi in First-Episode Patients and Young Relatives at Risk for Schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matcheri S. Keshavan ◽  
Perambur N. Jayakumar ◽  
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar ◽  
Amitabh Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septi Pellucidi ◽  
Adolescent Offspring ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

ABSTRACTStudies on schizophrenia (SZ) have documented an increased presence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in individuals suffering from the illness. Moreover, the presence of CSP has been cited in support of the early neurodevelopmental hypothesis in SZ. Our objective was to assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of first-episode patients and healthy controls to evaluate the frequency of CSP. The presence and the size of CSP were visually assessed on the MRI scans of 40 first-episode SZ patients, 19 nonpsychotic child and high-risk adolescent offspring of patients with SZ or schizoaffective disorder, and 59 controls. Our analysis revealed an absence of statistically significant differences in the occurrence of CSP between SZ patients, high-risk subjects, and controls. Even when the analysis was restricted to large CSP, no differences were found. Furthermore, no association between CSP and sex or handedness was observed. The absence of CSP abnormalities in first-episode SZ subjects might indicate that SZ is not characterized by developmentally mediated alterations in CSP. Also, family history of SZ might not increase likelihood for CSP.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in patients with dorsal root ganglion stimulation

Pain Practice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Reining ◽  
Dirk Winkler ◽  
Joachim Boettcher ◽  
Juergen Meixensberger ◽  
Michael Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

scholarly journals Cognitive heterogeneity in first-episode schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Joyce ◽  
Sam B. Hutton ◽  
Stanley H. Mutsatsa ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Cognitive Heterogeneity ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundStudies of chronic schizophrenia suggest that there are subgroups with different profiles of cognitive impairment.AimsTo determine whether such heterogeneity is present at illness onset and any relationship to clinical variables.MethodNinety-three community patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 50 healthy volunteers were assessed for premorbid (Revised National Adult Reading Test) and current IQ, memory and executive function.ResultsHalf of those with schizophrenia had preserved IQ in the normal range but there was evidence of a specific impairment in spatial working memory even in those with high/average IQ; 37 out of 93 (40%) had generalised cognitive decline. Those with low premorbid IQ were significantly younger at illness onset. For the entire group, age at onset correlated positively with premorbid but not current IQ.ConclusionsAt illness onset, cognitive heterogeneity is present in people with schizophrenia, with a high proportion having undergone general cognitive decline. However, working memory impairment may be a common feature. Lower premorbid IQ is a risk factor for an earlier onset.

Plasma metabonomics study of first-Episode schizophrenia treated with olanzapine in female patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qiao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shen He ◽  
Hui Wen ◽  
Yi-Min Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Episode ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Safety Issues in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan with Retention of Olympus Long Clips in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Wang ◽  
Wei-Chou Chang ◽  
Hsin-Hung Huang ◽  
Wei-Kuo Chang ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Endoscopic Clip ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Endoscopic Clips ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: Not all endoscopic clips are compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of MRI-incompatible endoscopic clips in patients undergoing MRI scans. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had received endoscopic clip placement of Olympus Long Clip MRI-incompatible clips and then had undergone MRI scans within two weeks in our hospital between 2014 and 2019. Results: A total of 44,292 patients had undergone an MRI examination at our hospital. Only 15 patients had MRI scans within two weeks after the endoscopic clip placement. Their median age was 65.5 years, and 12 of the 15 patients were men. At the time of the clip placement and MRI scan, four patients were taking anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agents. The indication for endoscopic clip placement of the 15 patients was mucosal/submucosal defect or hemorrhage and colonic perforation. Endoscopic clips were placed in the colon of 14 patients and in the stomach of only one patient for gastric hemorrhage. One patient experienced clip migration and three displayed artifacts in abdominal images. No patient complications of mortality, hemorrhage, or organ perforation occurred. Conclusion: No serious adverse event occurred during MRI scans of patients with MRI-incompatible clips in this study, suggesting that MRI-incompatible clips may be safe to use in MRI scans. However, this does not guarantee the safety of the Long Clip for MRI scans, as further tests are needed to verify that this clip is safe for use during MRI.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Investigate the Clinical Applicability of the Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Flap Within the Wrist

Hand ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 155894472110643
Author(s):  
Jimmy H. Daruwalla ◽  
Jan Skrok ◽  
Mitchell A. Pet ◽  
Aviram M. Giladi ◽  
James P. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The medial femoral trochlea (MFT) osteochondral flap is employed for reconstruction of unsalvageable scaphoid proximal pole nonunions. The convex surface of the cartilage-bearing proximal trochlea is used to replace the similarly contoured proximal scaphoid and articulate with the concave scaphoid fossa of the radius. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comparison of the shape of the MFT as it relates to the native proximal scaphoid has not been previously performed. Our study aimed to quantifiably compare the shape of the MFT, proximal scaphoid, and scaphoid fossa. Methods: Using imaging processing software, we measured radius of curvature of the articular segments in MRI scans of 10 healthy subjects’ wrists and knees. Results: Compared with the scaphoid fossa, average ratio of the radius of circumference of the proximal scaphoid was 0.79 and 0.78 in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. Compared with the scaphoid fossa, average ratio of the radius of circumference of the MFT was 0.98 and 1.31 in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. The radius of curvature of the MFT was larger than the proximal scaphoid, in the coronal and sagittal planes. In the coronal plane, the MFT radius of curvature is nearly identical to the scaphoid fossa, a closer match than the scaphoid itself. In the sagittal plane, the radius of curvature of the MFT was larger than the radius of curvature of the scaphoid fossa. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the radius of curvature, in the sagittal and coronal planes, of the MFT and proximal scaphoid is disparate.

scholarly journals Morphology of the corpus callosum at different stages of schizophrenia: Cross-sectional study in first-episode and chronic illness

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Amanda G. Wood ◽  
David C. Reutens ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Parietal Cortices

BackgroundThe shape of the corpus callosum may differ in schizophrenia, although no study has compared first-episode with established illness.AimsTo investigate the size and shape of the corpus callosum in a large sample of people with first-episode and established schizophrenia.MethodCallosal size and shape were determined using highresolution magnetic resonance imaging on 76 patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, 86 patients with established schizophrenia and 55 healthy participants.ResultsThere were no significant differences in total area across groups. Reductions in callosal width were seen in the region of the anterior genu in first-episode disorder (P<0.005). Similar reductions were seen in the chronic schizophrenia group in the anterior genu, but also in the posterior genu and isthmus (P = 0.0005).ConclusionsReductions in anterior callosal regions connecting frontal cortex are present at the onset of schizophrenia, and in established illness are accompanied by changes in other regions of the callosum connecting cingulate, temporal and parietal cortices.

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