Delinquent Defectives

1945 ◽  
Vol 91 (382) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ehrenwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Welfare Agencies ◽  
Insight Into

The growing incidence of juvenile delinquency during the past years has become a serious concern of the general public and the authorities. Following the lead taken by the Home Office, a number of local authorities, child guidance clinics and welfare agencies have instituted inquiries into the causes and conditioning factors of juvenile crime from the social, economic and medico-psychological points of view. The institutions for the mentally defective have been faced with the same problem through the increasing number of cases referred by the juvenile courts, and Dr. D. Turner, in his Annual Report on the Royal Eastern Counties Institution, Colchester, for the year 1943, called attention to the difficulties of their management within an institution of the usual type. The question calls urgently for a settled policy regarding their disposal and treatment, and it goes without saying that this can only be attained on the ground of a better insight into the psychology of the delinquent defective.

scholarly journals Kuwamai: Historic Epidemics and Resilience of Cariban-Speaking Peoples, Northern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-272
Author(s):  
Renzo S. Duin
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Journal Entries ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

How Amazonian Indigenous Peoples combatted emergent epidemic diseases in colonial times, and their innovative responses to epidemiological crises, has not received sufficient attention. This study outlines a clash of cultures and an entanglement of places and people related to pandemic diseases and epidemic death in the Eastern Guiana Highlands, northern Amazonia. By means of archival and historical sources, the article provides eyewitness insight into multiple waves of highly contagious epidemics that affected Cariban-speaking communities in Eastern Guiana – Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazilian Amapá – over the past 550 years. The paper commences with some general statements on illness and healing. Hitherto unpublished journal entries by the Governor of Suriname of an outbreak of the pox during the winter of 1743-1744 set the scene, these are followed by rare nineteenth and twentieth century historical accounts, and a novel interpretation of Wayana oral history – posited to be the first account of the spread of a viral disease in Amazonia in July 1542. The paper concludes with responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic from an indigenous etiology which demonstrates indigenous historical consciousness of the social present as related to events from the past.

“Wanton and Senseless” Revisited: The Study of Warfare in Civil Conflicts and the Historiography of the Algerian Massacres

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Civil Violence ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract:Over the past two decades, attention in the social sciences increasingly has been drawn to the problem of violent civil conflicts, a problem that has disproportionately affected Africa more than any other region. Two approaches to this problem have come to dominate the field: attempts to understand the root causes of civil conflict and attempts to understand the dynamics of its violence. Critics of the former approach have elaborated the ways in which the etiological agenda itself makes, and then politically mobilizes, the reality it claims to find. The goal of this article is to elaborate a similar critique for the latter agenda by examining the productive and destructive interaction between theoretical assumptions and empirical realities that have informed attempts to understand the Algerian massacres of the late 1990s. The overall intention is not to promote a new understanding of those atrocities. Rather, it is to gain a deeper insight into the processes by which episodes of mass civil violence become objects of scientific analysis—and thus objects for political utilization—despite their having emerged from an empirical milieu of contested, ambiguous, and indeterminate realities.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

John Marsh and Provincial Music Making in Eighteenth-Century England

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 96-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Robins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Huntington Library

During the past few years the extensive manuscript journals of the Georgian amateur composer and musician John Marsh (1752–1828) have become increasingly recognised as valuable source material which provide a unique insight into provincial musical making in the southern counties of England. For long known only in the heavily abridged (by Marsh's youngest son Edward Garrard) and incomplete version in the Pendlebury Library, Cambridge, the emergence of the original version in 1990 has brought about a substantial re-evaluation of Marsh's career and personality. Subsequently sold at Christie's in December of that year, the original is now housed in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. The complex history and a description of the journals and their contents can be found in an article by the present writer in the Huntington Library Quarterly, an issue which also includes an article on the social importance of the journals by William Weber. My purpose here is to provide an introduction to Marsh's experiences as a concert manager and leader in the cities in which he was resident.

scholarly journals Observations on Sources for the Study of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Iranian History

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafez F. Farmayan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iranian History ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Special Points ◽  
Oil Company

Until recently, most works dealing with nineteenth-century Iran have had special points of view which now are hopelessly out of date. Concerned only with aspects of nineteenth-century Iran, they have treated these subjects either in connection with literature or with the rivalry of the European imperialist powers. Whatever the merits of these works, they may be said to have outlived their main usefulness. The age of imperialism is gone; and though the classical Persian literature of a thousand years may well be immortal, its creative spirit is dust. In Iran, as elsewhere, modern men have drastically altered their political, historical, and literary views. We now need histories of other kinds. It is time to explore and to research. Too much which is published on Iranian history continues to be either shallow, narrow, cliché-littered imitations of the not-so-great historians of the past, or are official glorifications of Iran's present, not always consistent with the truth. The field requires a widely extended and earnest historical inquiry into the development of modern Iranian society through the exploration of its recent past. An investigation of the social structure of nineteenth-century Persia, for instance, is absolutely essential to an understanding of the behavior of the present-day Iranian bureaucracy, which is often inexplicable to the Western observer. When the Persia of the peasants, the mullâs and the mîrzâs, is brought into clear perspective behind the Iran of the National Iranian Oil Company and the Plan Organization, we shall be in a position to understand the complexities of the present Iranian administrative machinery and the broad spectrum of motivation of its maintenance men.

Alternative path for the future or a return to the past? Araujo’s “philosophical” history of psychology

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian C. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychology ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Path ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Araujo begins by criticising what he calls the “social turn” in the history of psychology. He singles out the work of Kurt Danziger for special criticism in this regard. He then outlines the emergence of an allegedly new field called “History and Philosophy of Science” (HPS) and calls for a different approach which he labels a “philosophical” history of psychology. Here I examine his criticism of Danziger’s work and suggest that it is unjustified. I also point out that there is nothing new about the field of HPS and nothing original about the idea of relating history and philosophy of psychology. I conclude by suggesting that, although Araujo’s criticism is unjustified, it can give some insight into where his alternative path for the future will lead. It is an attempt to excise the sociology of knowledge from historical discourse and to return to a more traditional history of ideas.

scholarly journals Better Understanding the Population Size and Stigmatization of Psychologists Using Questionable Research Practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas William Fox ◽  
Nathan Honeycutt ◽  
Lee Jussim
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

There has been low confidence in the replicability and reproducibility of published psychological findings. Previous work has demonstrated that a population of psychologists exists that have used questionable research practices (QRPs), or behaviors during data collection, analysis, and publication that can increase the number of false-positive findings in the scientific literature. The present work sought to estimate the current size of the QRP using population of American psychologists and to identify if this sub-population of scientists is stigmatized. Using a direct estimator, we estimate 18.8% of American psychologists have used at least one QRP in the past 12 months. This estimate rises to 24.40% when using the generalized network scale up estimator, an estimating method that utilizes the academic social networks of participants. Furthermore, attitudes of psychologists towards QRP users, and observed behavioral data collected from self-reported QRP users suggest that QRP users are a stigmatized sub-population of psychologists. Together, these findings provide better insight into how many psychologists use questionable practices and how they exist in the social environment.

Recovery boiler sootblowers: History and technological advances

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
HONGHI TRAN ◽  
DANNY TANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Deposit Removal

Sootblowing technology used in recovery boilers originated from that used in coal-fired boilers. It started with manual cleaning with hand lancing and hand blowing, and evolved slowly into online sootblowing using retractable sootblowers. Since 1991, intensive research and development has focused on sootblowing jet fundamentals and deposit removal in recovery boilers. The results have provided much insight into sootblower jet hydrodynamics, how a sootblower jet interacts with tubes and deposits, and factors influencing its deposit removal efficiency, and have led to two important innovations: fully-expanded sootblower nozzles that are used in virtually all recovery boilers today, and the low pressure sootblowing technology that has been implemented in several new recovery boilers. The availability of powerful computing systems, superfast microprocessors and data acquisition systems, and versatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability in the past two decades has also contributed greatly to the advancement of sootblowing technology. High quality infrared inspection cameras have enabled mills to inspect the deposit buildup conditions in the boiler during operation, and helped identify problems with sootblower lance swinging and superheater platens and boiler bank tube vibrations. As the recovery boiler firing capacity and steam parameters have increased markedly in recent years, sootblowers have become larger and longer, and this can present a challenge in terms of both sootblower design and operation.

Dowagers, Debs, Nuns and Babies: The Politics of Nostalgia and the Older Woman in the British Sunday Night Television Serial

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tincknell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Popular Television

The extensive commercial success of two well-made popular television drama serials screened in the UK at prime time on Sunday evenings during the winter of 2011–12, Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–), has appeared to consolidate the recent resurgence of the period drama during the 1990s and 2000s, as well as reassembling something like a mass audience for woman-centred realist narratives at a time when the fracturing and disassembling of such audiences seemed axiomatic. While ostensibly different in content, style and focus, the two programmes share a number of distinctive features, including a range of mature female characters who are sufficiently well drawn and socially diverse as to offer a profoundly pleasurable experience for the female viewer seeking representations of aging femininity that go beyond the sexualised body of the ‘successful ager’. Equally importantly, these two programmes present compelling examples of the ‘conjunctural text’, which appears at a moment of intense political polarisation, marking struggles over consent to a contemporary political position by re-presenting the past. Because both programmes foreground older women as crucial figures in their respective communities, but offer very different versions of the social role and ideological positioning that this entails, the underlying politics of such nostalgia becomes apparent. A critical analysis of these two versions of Britain's past thus highlights the ideological investments involved in period drama and the extent to which this ‘cosy’ genre may legitimate or challenge contemporary political claims.

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