scholarly journals Kuwamai: Historic Epidemics and Resilience of Cariban-Speaking Peoples, Northern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-272
Author(s):  
Renzo S. Duin
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Journal Entries ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

How Amazonian Indigenous Peoples combatted emergent epidemic diseases in colonial times, and their innovative responses to epidemiological crises, has not received sufficient attention. This study outlines a clash of cultures and an entanglement of places and people related to pandemic diseases and epidemic death in the Eastern Guiana Highlands, northern Amazonia. By means of archival and historical sources, the article provides eyewitness insight into multiple waves of highly contagious epidemics that affected Cariban-speaking communities in Eastern Guiana – Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazilian Amapá – over the past 550 years. The paper commences with some general statements on illness and healing. Hitherto unpublished journal entries by the Governor of Suriname of an outbreak of the pox during the winter of 1743-1744 set the scene, these are followed by rare nineteenth and twentieth century historical accounts, and a novel interpretation of Wayana oral history – posited to be the first account of the spread of a viral disease in Amazonia in July 1542. The paper concludes with responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic from an indigenous etiology which demonstrates indigenous historical consciousness of the social present as related to events from the past.

Disciplining Polenta: A Parody on the Politics of Saving Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zachary Nowak ◽  
Bradley M. Jones ◽  
Elisa Ascione
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

This article begins with a parody, a fictitious set of regulations for the production of “traditional” Italian polenta. Through analysis of primary and secondary historical sources we then discuss the various meanings of which polenta has been the bearer through time and space in order to emphasize the mutability of the modes of preparation, ingredients, and the social value of traditional food products. Finally, we situate polenta within its broader cultural, political, and economic contexts, underlining the uses and abuses of rendering foods as traditional—a process always incomplete, often contested, never organic. In stirring up the past and present of polenta and placing it within both the projects of Italian identity creation and the broader scholarly literature on culinary tradition and taste, we emphasize that for so-called traditional foods to be saved, they must be continually reinvented.

Kinship and Friendship: The Perception of Family by Clergy and Laity in Late Medieval London

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural England

One of the most persistent and frustrating problems which the social historian faces is that of gaining access to private lives in the past. This is true for all periods, but it is especially so for the Middle Ages. There are some letters available, but they tend to be scarce and limited in nature. Another type of document which proves a useful means of entry into medieval life is the testament. The information it contains is often of an intensely personal nature and allows the reader to understand the testator's relationships with others.The wealth of information contained in testaments is only beginning to be fully exploited. In his article “Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Wills as Historical Sources,” Michael L. Zell has demonstrated the breadth of information which these documents contain and points the way to many areas of further investigation. The usefulness of testamentary evidence to trace inheritance patterns and the disposition of property is well established. Eleanor S. Riemer has used testaments from Siena to examine the economic position of women. W. K. Jordan used wills extensively in his three volume study of charity in urban and rural England. More recently, Joel T. Rosenthal employed them to study gift-giving patterns among the English aristocracy. Wills have been used as sources for the study of religious values and popular piety, as a means of investigating the patterns of epidemic disease, and of tracing the spread of literacy. Historians have also begun to use testamentary evidence in the investigation of family life. For the history of the English family, the use of testamentary evidence is just beginning.

scholarly journals Historical complexity of myth: in search of the genesis of the whip-dance whereby Wayana dance in imitation of Tamok (Eastern Guiana Highlands)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Duin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
First Century ◽  
Evil Spirit ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Insight Into

This article discusses the conditions of the genesis of the nineteenth century Wayana whip-dance, aiming for what Terence Turner coined "ethno-ethnohistory", through the method of Neil Whitehead's "ethnography of historical consciousness". This study outlines an indigenous historical consciousness of the social present in Guiana as related to events from the past, by means of the entanglement of things, places, and people related to this whip-dance ritual. The article discusses the Eastern Guiana whip-dance as a social field of interaction in three regions and three time periods: (1) the Upper Maroni Basin (French Guiana and Suriname) in the early twenty-first century; (2) the Franco-Brazilian Contested area (today's Brazilian Amapá) in the nineteenth century; and (3) a posited origin of this 'mythstory' at the Lower Amazon in the sixteenth century. Rather than conducting a study of a 'lost tradition', these three case-studies will provide insight into the process of how Wayana indigenous people have managed their histories of first contact in Guiana through ritual performance and the materialization of the evil spirit Tamok.

Delinquent Defectives

1945 ◽  
Vol 91 (382) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ehrenwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Welfare Agencies ◽  
Insight Into

The growing incidence of juvenile delinquency during the past years has become a serious concern of the general public and the authorities. Following the lead taken by the Home Office, a number of local authorities, child guidance clinics and welfare agencies have instituted inquiries into the causes and conditioning factors of juvenile crime from the social, economic and medico-psychological points of view. The institutions for the mentally defective have been faced with the same problem through the increasing number of cases referred by the juvenile courts, and Dr. D. Turner, in his Annual Report on the Royal Eastern Counties Institution, Colchester, for the year 1943, called attention to the difficulties of their management within an institution of the usual type. The question calls urgently for a settled policy regarding their disposal and treatment, and it goes without saying that this can only be attained on the ground of a better insight into the psychology of the delinquent defective.

“Wanton and Senseless” Revisited: The Study of Warfare in Civil Conflicts and the Historiography of the Algerian Massacres

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Civil Violence ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract:Over the past two decades, attention in the social sciences increasingly has been drawn to the problem of violent civil conflicts, a problem that has disproportionately affected Africa more than any other region. Two approaches to this problem have come to dominate the field: attempts to understand the root causes of civil conflict and attempts to understand the dynamics of its violence. Critics of the former approach have elaborated the ways in which the etiological agenda itself makes, and then politically mobilizes, the reality it claims to find. The goal of this article is to elaborate a similar critique for the latter agenda by examining the productive and destructive interaction between theoretical assumptions and empirical realities that have informed attempts to understand the Algerian massacres of the late 1990s. The overall intention is not to promote a new understanding of those atrocities. Rather, it is to gain a deeper insight into the processes by which episodes of mass civil violence become objects of scientific analysis—and thus objects for political utilization—despite their having emerged from an empirical milieu of contested, ambiguous, and indeterminate realities.

scholarly journals De poëtica van het verbeelden van geschiedenis op broadcast televisie

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Berber Hagedoorn
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Broadcast Television ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Television Producers

In modern society, television is one of the most important media for presenting the past. This article focuses on the poetics of history on television broadcasts in relation to the manner in which these broadcasts present our past as well as our collective memory. This study rebuts criticism of television as a medium for historical accounts by demonstrating how professionals in the field actively display an extensive knowledge and understanding of the past, provide frameworks for the contextualization of audiovisual materials and depth, and apply and operate specific functions of different representation tools in their productions. To gain insight into the way television producers interact with history, this study combines qualitative textual analysis of the broadcasts and an approach from the field of production studies: diverse in-depth interviews and analysis of internal documents. The case study chosen for this research was Andere Tijden, a history program based on archive material and produced by NTR (formerly known as NPS) and VPRO for the Dutch Broadcast Foundation, from 2000 onwards. The case study demonstrates how television producers’ mediation of history is an important practice in the search for history and memories and the conservation and presentation thereof. The analysis reveals the possibility of more cohesive poetics with regard to history on broadcast television and offers insight into the objectives, strategies and conventions of television producers. Special attention is paid to the more implicit practices of selection and interpretation of material by television producers as curators of the past. These implicit practices are made explicit on a cultural-historical, institutional and textual level.

Life as a Male 'Anorexic'

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
The Social ◽  
Body Image Concerns ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

Information surrounding male anorexia and bulimia nervosa is limited. Currently, health promoters and practitioners in this field have little to guide them apart from the data that informs female anorexia and bulimia nervosa. This paper is based on in-depth interviews with past and present eating disordered men. Using life historical accounts, the men provide rich descriptive information to document their plight with body image concerns and eating disorders. The paper provides insight into the lives of male anorexia and bulimia nervosa sufferers. Further it attempts to draw on their perceptions of what it is like being a male with a disorder that is often perceived as being a female phenomenon. The paper also explores the issues surrounding men and body image in contemporary Western culture. It highlights some of the significant issues confronting men and boys in relation to the social construction of masculinity and the links with body image concerns and eating disorders. Although the paper is not grounded in practitioner based information, it does seek to arouse awareness in those working in this emerging field of study.

John Marsh and Provincial Music Making in Eighteenth-Century England

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 96-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Robins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Huntington Library

During the past few years the extensive manuscript journals of the Georgian amateur composer and musician John Marsh (1752–1828) have become increasingly recognised as valuable source material which provide a unique insight into provincial musical making in the southern counties of England. For long known only in the heavily abridged (by Marsh's youngest son Edward Garrard) and incomplete version in the Pendlebury Library, Cambridge, the emergence of the original version in 1990 has brought about a substantial re-evaluation of Marsh's career and personality. Subsequently sold at Christie's in December of that year, the original is now housed in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. The complex history and a description of the journals and their contents can be found in an article by the present writer in the Huntington Library Quarterly, an issue which also includes an article on the social importance of the journals by William Weber. My purpose here is to provide an introduction to Marsh's experiences as a concert manager and leader in the cities in which he was resident.

On Methods of Implementing a National Morale Program

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Margaret Mead
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
West African ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
American Character ◽  
Character Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Centralized Planning ◽  
Race And Religion ◽  
Insight Into

This is an experimental paper in several ways. The social scientist is confronted with the need to attempt to translate his abstractions into workable and practical rules. If he is to do so, he faces several tasks. His abstractions must to a degree become cruder, because the tools are not yet developed for applying more refined formulations. A student of Chinese culture can warn an American export firm of the different meaning of red in Chinese culture, or twins in a West African tribe suggest alterations in the use of red or twins as advertising symbols. If, however, he attempts to translate his insight into the character structure, the characteristic organizations of experience of different peoples, into action, the problem is one with which we have only just begun to cope. In this paper I have assumed that we can't assume a type of American character structure.' Specialists will immediately demur - in this stratified, sectionalized, heterogeneous and rapidly changing society, with its divergent European historical sources, any statement about American character, unless corrected for all these factors, plus race and religion, is hopelessly crude. But the problem I have set myself is how the applied anthropologist might help to implement a national morale program. I have taken as given the present political structure of this country, the trend towards centralized planning in Washington, the probability that this trend will be accentuated in these emergency times. Where, I asked, can we find a rationale which might guide such wholesale planning? That was the first question. And the second was: How can we include in the plan itself a compensatory element for the crudeness, the disregard of local, class, and religious differences, which it had to include. Finally, there is the problem that faces all those who would see science applied, that of communication. With this I have experimented also. I have tried to write this statement in a way which would make it at least partially meaningful to the working statesman.

scholarly journals CANDU DAN MILITER KETERLIBATAN BADAN-BADAN PERJUANGAN DALAM PERDAGANGAN CANDU DI JAWA PADA MASA REVOLUSI

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Julianto Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Written Sources

During revolution era, Indonesian government used and traded opium for struggle funds. This decisionwas based on the fact that the social, economic and financial was shattered due to Japanese occupation.Whereas the government should provide substantial funds to pay the war operations, employeesalaries and soldiers, buy weapons of war, and pay representatives abroad. This paper constitutesas the result of historical studies, that is why it uses historical method and methodologies. Historicalmethod constitutes as a historian guidelines to find historical documents. Historian is like “handyman”who collects historical sources such as archives and documents in “warehouses” archives and libraries.When written sources are considered as not enough, then those will be held interviews with historicalactors involved directly or indirectly to the problem under study. Historical method constitutes aworks of historian from processing facts, explanations to the reconstruction of the results under study.Methodology provides the framework of thinking as historian, that is why, it needs to pay attentionto the concepts and theories in preparing the events of the past. This study is based on the methodfrom Ernst Bernheim, that are heuristic, criticism, auffassung and darstellung. Indonesian governmentfully managed and controlled the opium trade and circulation in Java. The management was led bythe Vice President Office assisted by two ministries, namely the Ministry of Finance and Ministry ofDefence Quartermaster Section. Under those two ministries, there was the Mayor Administrative Officeof Opium and Salt in Surakarta which coordinated major offices in several cities, especially in Kediriand Yogyakarta. The Administrative Office of Opium and Salt in Kediri stored raw opium. Then, rawopium was sent to processing factory in Wonosari and Beji Klaten. The cooked opium was sent to TheAdministrative Office of Opium and Drug in Yogyakarta or The Mayor Administrative Office of Opiumand Salt in Surakarta. This office in Surakarta authorized to issue raw opium to the struggle agencies tobe sold to the territory of republic, occupied Netherlands area or smuggled abroad.

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