scholarly journals Cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in dementia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Purandare ◽  
Richard C. Oude Voshaar ◽  
Jayne Hardicre ◽  
Jane Byrne ◽  
Charles McCollum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Vascular Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundThe vascular depression hypothesis and our recent findings of increased frequency of spontaneous cerebral emboli in dementia suggest that such emboli may be involved in the causation of depressive symptoms in dementia.AimsTo evaluate the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.MethodIn a cohort of 142 patients with dementia (72 with Alzheimer's disease and 70 with vascular dementia), the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and clinically relevant depressive symptoms was examined using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsSpontaneous cerebral emboli were significantly more frequent in the patients with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (66 v. 37%, P=0.03). After adjustment for age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination score, type of dementia and significant cardiovascular risk factors, the relationship remained significant (OR=3.47, 95% CI 1.10–10.97).ConclusionsSpontaneous cerebral emboli are associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms in dementia, and further research is needed to explore the nature of this relationship.

scholarly journals Apathy in Alzheimer's disease: Contribution to a clinical view on progression of dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Larissa Pires de Andrade ◽  
Thays Martins Vital ◽  
Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho ◽  
Carla Manuela Crispim Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract In addition to cognitive impairment, apathy is increasingly recognized as an important neuropsychiatric syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims: To identify the relationship between dementia severity and apathy levels, and to discuss the association of this condition with other psychopathological manifestations in AD patients. Methods: This study involved 15 AD patients (mean age: 77 years; schooling: 4.9 years), with mild, moderate and severe dementia, living in Rio Claro SP, Brazil. Procedures included evaluation of cognitive status by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating, and Global Deterioration Scale. Apathy syndrome was assessed by the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-apathy domain). Other psychopathological manifestations such as depression were also considered. Results: Patients with more severe dementia presented higher levels of apathy, reinforcing the hypothesis that apathy severity aggravates as the disease progresses. Using the Spearman coefficient correlation an association was identified between the MMSE and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.63; p=0.01), and also between the MMSE and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Associations were also found between the Global Deterioration Scale and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.58; p=0.02), and between the Global Deterioration Scale and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Conclusions: Apathy is a distinct syndrome among patients with AD and increases with global deterioration.

scholarly journals NEUROPSI battery subtest profile in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Niures P.S. Matioli ◽  
Paulo Caramelli
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Subcortical Vascular Dementia ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of subtests of the NEUROPSI battery for differentiating subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Thirteen patients with mild SVaD, 15 patients with mild probable AD, and 30 healthy controls, matched for age, education and dementia severity (in the case of patients), were submitted to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and NEUROPSI battery. The performance of AD and SVaD groups on NEUROPSI subtests was compared. The statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The results were interpreted at the 5% significance level (p<0.05). Bonferroni's correction was applied to multiple comparisons (a=0.02). Results: SVaD and AD patients showed no statistical difference in MMSE scores (SVaD=20.8 and AD=21.0; p=1.0) or in NEUROPSI total score (SVaD=65.0 and AD=64.3; p=0.56), suggesting a similar severity of dementia. The AD group performed worse on memory recall (<0.01) and SVaD group was worse in verbal fluency subtests (p=0.02). Conclusion: NEUROPSI's memory and language subtests can be an auxiliary tool for differentiating SVaD from AD.

scholarly journals C-10 Interaction of ApoE4 and Gender in Neuropsychiatric Presentation in Probable Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1037
Author(s):  
C Alexander ◽  
J Suhr
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Objective Individuals with probable Alzheimer’s disease (pAD) often have neuropsychiatric symptoms; however, the relationship of these symptoms and ApoE4 status is unclear. Recent research suggests gender moderates the relationship of ApoE4 to AD. We examined how ApoE4 genetic status and gender predict neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with pAD. Method Data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers (NACC) was utilized in the present study. We included only individuals diagnosed with pAD with collaterals who were judged reliable by clinical NACC staff and who saw the participant at least three times per week. The selected sample (N = 6943) was 52% male; 85.6% White, 10.2% African American; and 7.5% Hispanic. Average age was 73 years. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, completed by the participant’s collateral, was used to assess symptoms. Analyses controlled for age and cognitive impairment as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results The presence of at least one ApoE4 allele predicted higher severity of delusions, p = .04. Males had higher severity of agitation, apathy, and irritability; females had higher delusions, depression, and anxiety, all p’s < .05. Gender moderated the relationship of ApoE4 with disinhibition, night disturbances, and appetite, all p’s < .05. In all three cases, for males, scores were higher for non-carriers than for ApoE4 carriers; however, for females, differences did not exist between carriers and non-carriers. Conclusions Differences between ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers as well as between genders are demonstrated, and evidence supports the hypothesis that gender and ApoE4 status interact to predict some pAD neuropsychiatric symptomatology.

scholarly journals Relationship between Performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination Sub-Items and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Gwanghee Han ◽  
Michio Maruta ◽  
Yuriko Ikeda ◽  
Tomohisa Ishikawa ◽  
Hibiki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) subitems provide useful information about the cognitive status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). If the relationship between MMSE subitems and activities of daily living (ADL) can be shown, the performance of sub-items can predict ADL status and may provide useful information for early ADL intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MMSE subitem scores and ADL. The study sample consisted of 718 patients with AD. Logistic regression analysis using the Physical Self-maintenance Scale (PSMS) and Lawton’s Instrumental ADL (L-IADL) was performed with each of the subitems as the dependent variables and the MMSE subitem as the independent variable. As a result, the subitems of MMSE, which are strongly related to each item in PSMS differed (e.g., toilet: registration odds ratio 3.00, grooming: naming 3.66). In the case of L-IADL, most items were strongly associated with “writing” (e.g., shopping: odds ratio 4.29, laundry 3.83). In clinical practice, we often focus only on the total MMSE score in patients with AD. However, the relationship between each MMSE subitem and ADL suggested in this study may be useful information that can be linked to ADL care from the performance of the MMSE subitem.

Disorders of “taste cognition” are associated with insular involvement in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: “Memory of food is impaired in dementia and responsible for poor diet”

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teiko Suto ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Masahiro Nakatsuka ◽  
Yuriko Kato ◽  
Kimihiro Tezuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground:In dementia patients, dietary intake problems may occur despite the absence of swallowing problems. We investigated cognitive functions on food and taste in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients.Methods:Participants included 15 healthy controls (HC), 30 AD and 20 VaD patients. Food Cognition Test: Replicas of three popular foods in Japan with no odors were presented visually to each participant, with the instruction to respond with the name of each food. Replicas of food materials were subsequently presented to ask whether they were included in these foods. Taste Cognition Test: Replicas of 12 kinds of foods were presented to describe their expected tastes.Results:The AD/VaD groups exhibited significantly lower scores on Food/Taste Cognition Tests compared with the HC group. These scores correlated inversely with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in the AD group. Decreased dietary intake was observed in 12 of the 50 patients; 8 of the 12 exhibited decreased Taste Cognition Test scores, higher than that of the normal-intake patients. There was no difference in the filter paper taste disc test between HC/AD/VaD groups. To test the hypothesis that the insula is associated with taste cognition, two MMSE-matched AD subgroups (n = 10 vs. 10) underwent positron emission tomography. Glucose metabolism in the right insula was lower in the low taste cognition subgroup. The VaD patients with insular lesions exhibited impaired Taste Cognition Test findings.Conclusions:It is important to consider the cognitive aspect of dietary intake when we care for dementia patients.

scholarly journals VGF Expression by Monocytes in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stefan Busse ◽  
Eva Meyer ◽  
Henrik Dobrowolny ◽  
Christian Mawrin ◽  
Roland Hartig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Peripheral Biomarker

Abstract. Because its secretion is changed in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood, the neuronal polypeptide VGF (nonacronymic) has been discussed as a biomarker for neuropsychiatric disorders. We have shown an enhanced VGF expression by T-cells from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In this study, we investigated the VGF expression by peripheral monocytes in 38 AD patients, 5 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 20 neuropsychiatrically healthy individuals using flow cytometry. We determined an enhanced number of VGF-expressing monocytes in VD patients compared to AD patients. VGF+CD14+ monocytes were not correlated with age, body mass index, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), or Q albumin. These preliminary data support findings indicating that VGF might play a role as a peripheral biomarker in VD.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease: relationship between cognitive aspects and power and coherence EEG measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu C. Fonseca ◽  
Gloria M.A.S. Tedrus ◽  
Larissa R. Prandi ◽  
Adriana M. Almeida ◽  
Danilo S. Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Word List ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
List Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
State Examination

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between specific cognitive aspects and quantitative EEG measures, in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Thirty-eight AD patients and 31 controls were assessed by CERAD neuropsychological battery (Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD) and the electroencephalogram (EEG). The absolute power and coherences EEG measures were calculated at rest. The correlations between the cognitive variables and the EEG were evaluated. RESULTS: In the AD group there were significant correlations between different coherence EEG measures and Mini-Mental State Examination, verbal fluency, modified Boston naming, word list memory with repetition, word list recall and recognition, and constructional praxis (p<0.01). These correlations were all negative for the delta and theta bands and positive for alpha and beta. There were no correlations between cognitive aspects and absolute EEG power. CONCLUSION: The coherence EEG measures reflect different forms in the relationship between regions related to various cognitive dysfunctions.

Validation of the Hungarian version of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdolna Pákáski ◽  
Gergely Drótos ◽  
Zoltán Janka ◽  
János Kálmán
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Subscale ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Hungarian Version

The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale is the most widely used test in the diagnostic and research work of Alzheimer’s disease. Aims: The aim of this study was to validate and investigate reliability of the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy control subjects. Methods: syxty-six patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease and 47 non-demented control subjects were recruited for the study. The cognitive status was established by the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale and Mini Mental State Examination. Discriminative validity, the relation between age and education and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined. Results: Both the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale had significant potential in differentiating between patients with mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer’s disease and control subjects. A very strong negative correlation was established between the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale in the Alzheimer’s disease group. The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale showed slightly negative relationship between education and cognitive performance, whereas a positive correlation between age and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale scores was detected only in the control group. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, the values of sensitivity and specificity of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale were high. Conclusions: The Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale was found to be highly reliable and valid and, therefore, the application of this scale can be recommended for the establishment of the clinical stage and follow-up of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the current Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale is not sufficient; the list of words and linguistic elements should be selected according to the Hungarian standard in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 461–466.

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