scholarly journals Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Kirkbride ◽  
D. Barker ◽  
F. Cowden ◽  
R. Stamps ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Black African ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundConsistent observation of raised rates of psychoses among Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups may possibly be explained by their lower socio-economic statusAimsTo test whether risk for psychoses remained elevated in BME populations compared with the White British, after adjustment for age, gender and current socio-economic statusMethodPopulation-based study of first-episode DSM–IV psychotic disorders, in individuals aged 18–64 years, in East London over 2 yearsResultsAll BME groups had elevated rates of a psychotic disorder after adjustment for age, gender and socio-economic status. For schizophrenia, risk was elevated for people of Black Caribbean (incidence rate ratios (IRR)=3.1, 95% CI 2.1–4.5) and Black African (IRR=2.6, 95% CI 1.8–3.8) origin, and for Pakistani (IRR=3.1, 95% CI 1.2–8.1) and Bangladeshi (IRR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.7) women. Mixed White and Black Caribbean (IRR=7.7, 95% CI 3.2–18.8) and White Other (IRR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.8) groups had elevated rates of affective psychoses (and other non-affective psychoses)ConclusionsElevated rates of psychoses in BME groups could not be explained by socio-economic status, even though current socio-economic status may have overestimated the effect of this confounder given potential misclassification as a result of downward social drift in the prodromal phase of psychosis. Our findings extended to all BME groups and psychotic disorders, though heterogeneity remains

scholarly journals Criminal justice pathways to psychiatric care for psychosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
Simone Ullrich ◽  
Constantinos Kallis ◽  
Jeremy W. Coid
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Black African ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
African Patients ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundSome patients are at higher risk of contact with criminal justice agencies when experiencing a first episode of psychosis.AimsTo investigate whether violence explains criminal justice pathways (CJPs) for psychosis in general, and ethnic vulnerability to CJPs.MethodTwo-year population-based survey of people presenting with a first-episode of psychosis. A total of 481 patients provided information on pathways to psychiatric care. The main outcome was a CJP at first contact compared with other services on the care pathway.ResultsCJPs were more common if there was violence at first presentation (odds ratio (OR) = 4.23, 95% CI 2.74–6.54, P<0.001), drug use in the previous year (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.50–3.48, P<0.001) and for high psychopathy scores (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.43–4.53, P = 0.002). Compared with White British, CJPs were more common among Black Caribbean (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.54–5.72, P<0.001) and Black African patients (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.02–3.72, P = 0.01). Violence mediated 30.2% of the association for Black Caribbeans, but was not a mediator for Black African patients. These findings were sustained after adjustment for age, marital status, gender and employment.ConclusionsCJPs were more common in violent presentations, for greater psychopathy levels and drug use. Violence presentations did not fully explain ethnic vulnerability to CJPs.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Prevalence of Self-Reported Osteoporosis in Tehran: Results from a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (Urban HEART-2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi-Lari ◽  
Y. Salimi ◽  
M. R. Vaez-Mahdavi ◽  
S. Faghihzadeh ◽  
A. A. Haeri Mehrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Breast cancer screening uptake among women from different ethnic groups in London: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H Jack ◽  
Henrik Møller ◽  
Tony Robson ◽  
Elizabeth A Davies
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black African ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Caribbean

ObjectiveTo use newly available self-assigned ethnicity information to investigate variation in breast cancer screening uptake for women from the 16 specific ethnic groups within the broad Asian, Black and White groups that previous studies report.SettingNational cancer screening programme services within London.Participants655 516 female residents aged 50–69, invited for screening between March 2006 and December 2009. Ethnicity information was available for 475 478 (72.5%). White British women were the largest group (306 689, 46.8%), followed by Indian (34 687, 5.3%), White Other (30 053, 4.6%), Black Caribbean (25 607, 3.9%), White Irish (17 271, 2.6%), Black African (17 071, 2.6%) and Asian Other (10 579, 1.6%).Outcome measuresUptake for women in different ethnic groups aged 50–52 for a first call invitation to the programme, and for women aged 50–69 for a routine recall invitation after a previous mammography. Uptake is reported (1) for London overall, adjusted using logistic regression, for age at invitation, socioeconomic deprivation and geographical screening area, and (2) for individual areas, adjusted for age and deprivation.ResultsWhite British women attended their first call (67%) and routine recall (78%) invitations most often. Indian women were more likely to attend their first (61%) or routine recall (74%) than Bangladeshi women (43% and 61%, respectively), and Black Caribbean women were more likely than Black African women to attend first call (63% vs 49%, respectively) and routine recall (74% vs 64%, respectively). There was less variation between ethnic groups in some screening areas.ConclusionsBreast cancer screening uptake in London varies by specific ethnic group for first and subsequent invitations, with White British women being more likely to attend. The variation in the uptake for women from the same ethnic groups in different geographical areas suggests that collaboration about the successful engagement of services with different communities could improve uptake for all women.

Socio-Economic Status and Visits to Physicians by Adults in Ontario, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren McLsaac ◽  
Vivek Goel ◽  
David Naylor
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Population Based Survey

Objectives: To examine the association between socio-economic status, need for medical care and visits to physicians in a universal health insurance system. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 1990 Ontario Health Survey, a population-based survey utilizing a multistage, randomized cluster sample. The analysis considered only those respondents who were 16 years of age or older from the province of Ontario, Canada: 21 272 males and 24 738 females. Results: There was no difference by education or income in persons having made at least one visit to a general practitioner in the previous year. High income persons were less likely to have made six or more visits to a general practitioner — odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.87 for men; OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.75 for women — but more likely to have made at least one visit to a specialist — OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.76 for men; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.45 for women. A person's need for medical care was the most important determinant of a physician visit. Conclusions: Self-reported visits to general practitioners in Canada are strongly influenced by a person's need for medical care and are appropriately related to socio-economic status. However, there is a residual association between higher socio-economic levels and greater use of specialist services.

scholarly journals Long-term Benzodiazepine Treatment in Patients with Psychotic Disorders Attending a Mental Health Service in Rural Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S026-S030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaios Peritogiannis ◽  
Thiresia Manthopoulou ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mobile Mental Health

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long-term benzodiazepine (BZD) treatment in patients with mental disorders is widespread in clinical practice, and this is also the case of patients with schizophrenia, although the evidence is weak and BZD prescription is discouraged by guidelines and medical authorities. Data on BZD prescription are usually derived from national or regional databases whereas information on the use of BZD by patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses in general population-based samples is limited. Materials and Methods: Information for 77 patients with psychotic disorders who were regularly attending follow-up appointments with the multidisciplinary Mobile Mental Health Unit of the prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Northwest Greece, during 1-year period (2015) was obtained from our database. Results: From the total of 77 engaged patients, 30 (39%) were regularly prescribed BZDs in the long term, as part of their treatment regimen. Prescribed BZDs were mostly diazepam and lorazepam, in 43.3% of cases each. The mean daily dose of these compounds was 13 mg and 3.77 mg, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a correlation of long-term BZD use with the history of alcohol/substance abuse. Most patients were receiving BZD continuously for several years, and the mean dose was steady within this interval. Conclusions: A large proportion of patients with psychotic disorders were regularly prescribed BZD in long term. It appears that when BZDs are prescribed for some period in the course of a psychotic disorder, their use commonly exceeds the recommended interval and then becomes a regular part of the chronic treatment regimen. Future research should address the factors that may be related to the long-term BZD use by patients with psychotic disorders. Interventions for the reduction of regular BZD prescription should target the primary care setting and all those who treat first episode patients.

PWE-181 Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: a population-based case-control study

Gut ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A291.3-A292
Author(s):  
HG Coleman ◽  
RT Gray ◽  
KW Lau ◽  
C McCaughey ◽  
PV Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Control Study

Difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal as early signs of psychosis in adolescents – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mäki ◽  
S. Koskela ◽  
G.K. Murray ◽  
T. Nordström ◽  
J. Miettunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractAimSocial withdrawal is among the first signs of the prodromal state of psychosis seen in clinical samples. The aim of this prospective study was to find out whether difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal precede first episode psychosis in the young general population.MethodsThe members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6274) completed the PROD-screen questionnaire in 2001–2002. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to detect both new psychotic and non-psychotic disorders requiring hospitalisation during 2003–2008.ResultsTwenty-three subjects developed psychosis and 89 developed a non-psychotic mental disorder requiring hospitalisation during the follow-up. Of those who developed psychosis, 35% had reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others and 30% social withdrawal in adolescence. In hospitalised non-psychotic disorder, the corresponding precentages were 10 and 13% and in the control group without hospital-treated mental disorder 9 and 11%. The differences between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalised subjects (P < 0.01) as well as controls (P < 0.001) were statistically significant regarding difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others.ConclusionsIn this general population-based sample self-reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others in adolescence preceded psychosis specifically compared to hospitalised non-psychotic mental disorders and controls.

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