scholarly journals Association of headache with childhood adversity and mental disorder: cross-national study

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing Lee ◽  
Adley Tsang ◽  
Michael Von Korff ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
National Study ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Joint Associations

BackgroundCommunity studies about the association of headache with both childhood family adversities and depression/anxiety disorders are limited.AimsTo assess the independent and joint associations of childhood family adversities and early-onset depression and anxiety disorders with risks of adult-onset headache.MethodData were pooled from cross-sectional community surveys conducted in ten Latin and North American, European and Asian countries (n=18 303) by using standardised instruments. Headache and a range of childhood family adversities were assessed by self-report.ResultsThe number of childhood family adversities was associated with adult-onset headache after adjusting for gender, age, country and early-onset depression/anxiety disorder status (for one adversity, hazard ratio (HR)=1.22–1.6; for two adversities, HR=1.19–1.67; for three or more adversities, HR=1.37–1.95). Early and current onset of depression/anxiety disorders were independently associated (HR=1.42–1.89) with adult-onset headache after controlling for number of childhood family adversities.ConclusionsThe findings call for a broad developmental perspective concerning risk factors for development of headache.

Childhood Adversity, Early-Onset Depressive/Anxiety Disorders, and Adult-Onset Asthma

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Michael Von Korff ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Adult Onset

scholarly journals HOW ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE COMPANY CREATION: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF 22 COUNTRIESTESTED WITH PANEL DATA METHODOLOGY / VERSLUMO CHARAKTERISTIKŲ ĮTAKA ĮMONĖS KŪRIMUI: STUDIJOS, ATLIKTOS 22 VALSTYBĖSE, REZULTATŲ PRISTATYMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Álvarez-Herranz ◽  
Pilar Valencia-De-Lara ◽  
María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
National Study ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Regional Development Policies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

This study analyzes, from a multicountry perspective, the influence of the sociodemographic profiles of nascent and new entrepreneurs on their behavior. The panel data-based research approach combines temporal series and cross-sectional data to assess entrepreneurial activities across 22 countries with varying income levels. The results show that entrepreneurs' characteristics influence entrepreneurial behavior significantly and positively, in the following order: previous experience of the founder, age, and education. These findings suggest valid recommendations for stimulating entrepreneurship, both for enterprising business founders and for the institutions responsible for designing economic and regional development policies. Santrauka Straipsnyje pristatomų tyrimų rezultatai apima sociodemografinių veiksnių įtakos naujai kuriamam verslui ir jo aplinkai analizę. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 22 valstybėse. Jo rezultatai rodo, kad tam tikros individualios asmens verslumo savybės turi teigiamą įtaką paties verslo organizavimui, pavyzdžiui, ankstesnė verslininko patirtis, amžius ir išsilavinimas. Straipsnio autoriai pateikia rekomendacijas, susijusias su verslumo skatinimu, jos turės įtakos ne tik ekonominei, bet ir regioninei vystymosi politikai.

scholarly journals Willingness to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine as Reported Nine Months after the Pandemic Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Daicia Price ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
College Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
National Study ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Although vaccination has been identified as an effective measure of reducing the spread of COVID-19, hesitancy to obtain a vaccine for COVID-19 has been shared. The aim of this cross-national study was to examine (i) the willingness in the general population to take the COVID-19 vaccine nine months after the pandemic outbreak and (ii) the willingness to take the vaccine in relation to sociodemographic variables, whether one has experienced COVID-19 infection, concerns about health and family, and trust in the authorities’ information about the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data online in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia. Chi-Square tests or Fisher’s Exact test were used to analyze the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess direct associations between the independent variables and the outcome. Within the total sample (n = 3474), living in a city, having a college education, being concerned about your own health and the health of next of kin, and trusting information provided by authorities increased the likelihood of reporting willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Across all countries, participants who reported trust in the authorities' information about COVID-19 demonstrated a significantly higher plausibility of taking the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Its Associated Factors Nine Months after the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Mariyana Schoultz ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Daicia Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has been a global healthcare concern impacting multiple aspects of individual and community wellness. As one moves forward with different methods to reduce the infection and mortality rates, it is critical to continue to study the impact that national and local “social distancing” policies have on the daily lives of individuals. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness in relation to risk assessment, measures taken against risks, concerns, and social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The cross-sectional study collected data from 3474 individuals from the USA, the UK, Norway, and Australia. Loneliness was measured with the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Multiple linear regression was used in the analysis of associations between variables. The results showed that concerns about finances were more strongly associated with social loneliness, while concerns about the future was more strongly associated with emotional loneliness. Longer daily time spent on social media was associated with higher emotional loneliness. In conclusion, pandemic-related concerns seem to affect perceptions of loneliness. While social media can be used productively to maintain relationships, and thereby prevent loneliness, excessive use may be counterproductive.

scholarly journals Anger and Aggression in UK Treatment-Seeking Veterans with PTSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Turgoose ◽  
Dominic Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Prevalence rates of anger and aggression are often higher in military personnel, so it is important to understand more about why this is and factors with which they are associated. Despite this, there is little evidence relating to anger and aggression in UK veterans who are seeking treatment for mental health difficulties such as PTSD. This study investigated the prevalence rates of anger and aggression in this population, as well as the associations between anger and aggression, and various sociodemographic, functioning and mental health variables. A cross-sectional design was used, with participants completing a battery of self-report questionnaires. Prevalence rates for significant anger and aggression were 74% and 28% respectively. Both women and those over 55 were less likely to report difficulties. Those with high levels of PTSD and other mental health difficulties were more likely to report anger and aggression. Other factors related to anger and aggression included childhood adversity; unemployment due to ill health; and a perceived lack of family support. Findings show that veterans who are seeking support for mental health are likely to experiencing significant difficulties with anger and aggression, especially if they have co-morbid mental health difficulties. The associations between anger and aggression and other variables has implications for the assessment and treatment of military veterans.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Its Associated Factors Nine Months After the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Mariyana Schoultz ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Daicia Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Time

COVID-19 has been a global healthcare concern impacting multiple aspects of individual and community wellness. As one moves forward with different methods to reduce the infection and mortality rates, it is critical to continue to study the impact that national and local ‘social distancing’ policies have on the daily lives of individuals. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness in relation to risk assessment, measures taken against risks, concerns, and social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The cross-sectional study collected data from 3469 individuals from USA, UK, Norway, and Australia. Loneliness was measured with the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Multiple linear regression was used in the analysis of associations between variables. The results showed that concerns about finances were more strongly associated with social loneliness, while concerns about the future was more strongly associated with emotional loneliness. Longer daily time spent on social media was associated with higher emotional loneliness. In conclusion, pandemic-related concerns seem to affect their perceptions of loneliness. While social media can be used productively to maintain relationships, and thereby prevent loneliness, excessive use may be counterproductive.

scholarly journals Barriers to and facilitators of the identification, management and referral of childhood anxiety disorders in primary care: a survey of general practitioners in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e023876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O’Brien ◽  
Kate Harvey ◽  
Cathy Creswell
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Specialist Services

ObjectivesAlthough anxiety disorders are the most common emotional disorders in childhood and are associated with a broad range of negative outcomes, only a minority of affected children receive professional support. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) are seen as ‘gate-keepers’ to mental health services. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which GPs experience barriers to and facilitators of identifying, managing and accessing specialist services for these disorders, as well as factors associated with GPs’ confidence.Design and settingCross-sectional, self-report questionnaire in primary care, addressing identification, management and access to specialist services for children (under 12 years) with anxiety disorders.Participants971 GPs in England.Primary outcomesThe primary outcomes for this research was the extent to which GPs felt confident (1) identifying and (2) managing anxiety disorders in children.ResultsOnly 51% and 13% of GPs felt confident identifying and managing child anxiety disorders, respectively. A minority believed that their training in identification (21%) and management (10%) was adequate. Time restrictions inhibited identification and management, and long waiting times was a barrier to accessing specialist services. Being female (Ex(B)=1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) and being in a less deprived practice (Ex(B)=1.1, 95% CI 1 to 1.1) was associated with higher confidence identifying childhood anxiety disorders. Being a parent of a child over the age of 5 (Ex(B)=2, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5) and being in a less deprived practice (Ex(B)=1.1, 95% CI 1 to 1.2) was associated with higher confidence in management. Receipt of psychiatric or paediatric training was not significantly associated with GP confidence.ConclusionsGPs believe they have a role in identifying and managing childhood anxiety disorders; however, their confidence appears to be related to their personal experience and the context in which they work, rather than their training, highlighting the need to strengthen GP training and facilitate access to resources and services to enable them to support children with these common but debilitating conditions.

scholarly journals Cross-National Study of Worrying, Loneliness, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison between Individuals with and without Infection in the Family

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Mariyana Schoultz ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
Daicia Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
National Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mental Health Effects ◽  
Cross National Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine differences in worry, loneliness, and mental health between those individuals infected by COVID-19 or having someone their family infected, and the rest of the population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA, and Australia during April/May 2020. Participants (n = 3810) were recruited via social media postings by the researchers and the involved universities. Differences between those with and without infection in the family were investigated with chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables and psychological outcomes (worry, loneliness, and mental health) in both groups. Results: Compared to their counterparts, participants with infection in the family reported higher levels of worries about themselves (p < 0.05) and their family members (p < 0.001) and had poorer mental health (p < 0.05). However, the effect sizes related to the differences were small. The largest effect (d = 0.24) concerned worries about their immediate family. Poorer psychological outcomes were observed in those who were younger, female, unemployed, living alone and had lower levels of education, yet with small effect sizes. Conclusions: In view of the small differences between those with and without infection, we generally conclude that the mental health effects of the COVID-19 situation are not limited to those who have been infected or have had an infection within the family but extend to the wider population.

A preliminary cross-national study of a possible relationship between elderly suicide rates and tuberculosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Elderly Suicide ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

ABSTRACTBackground: The elderly are at high risk of developing tuberculosis. The prevalence and incidence of depression and anxiety are higher in those with tuberculosis than in the general population. A positive correlation between national suicide rates and rates of mortality due to tuberculosis has been reported.Methods: The relationships between elderly suicide rates and (i) the prevalence of tuberculosis, (ii) the proportion of detected cases of tuberculosis, and (iii) the proportion of cured cases of tuberculosis were examined in a cross-national study using data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations.Results: There were no significant correlations between elderly suicide rates and the prevalence of tuberculosis and the proportion of detected cases of tuberculosis. There were weak but significant negative correlations between the proportion of cured cases of tuberculosis and suicide rates for both sexes in both elderly age-bands.Conclusion: Caution should be exercised in interpreting the findings and the direction of the causal relationship from this cross-sectional ecological study because of ecological fallacy. However, if the findings are true then potentially the study has important implications for prevention of elderly suicides, particularly in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.

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