scholarly journals Reforming forensic psychiatry and prison mental health in the former Soviet Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Voren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prison Studies

Over the past 2 years the Global Initiative on Psychiatry has developed a wide range of initiatives in the fields of prison mental health and forensic psychiatry in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Both areas, until recently, were either ignored or deliberately avoided. This is not coincidental. The prison systems in the former Eastern bloc are in essence military organisations with a strict hierarchy and a rather tarnished past. Although some reform programmes in this field were implemented or started during the past decade (e.g. by Prison Reform International and the London Institute for Prison Studies), none of these projects has involved mental health services within the penitentiary system. A society that often limits itself to locking away those who have committed crimes or are suspected of having committed them, and pays only little attention to the physical and emotional well-being of those imprisoned, does not see the mental health of these persons as a priority. Equally unimportant seems to be the mental health of those who guard the prisoners and who are under constant stress.

“Un-Civil Society” and the Sources of Russian Influence in West Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Despite the extensive levels of control that Russia has available to it in its neighbourhood, many officials believe that the West has outmanoeuvred Russia in the employment of soft power, particularly through the proliferation of civil society and NGOs in the former Soviet Union over the past two decades. As corrupt regimes in Georgia, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan have fallen under rising pressure from civil society, Russia has grown increasingly alarmed. The Kremlin has come to see “color revolutions,” and the activities of anti-government protesters in Russia itself, as the consequences of a deliberate Western campaign to promote regime change and curtail Russian influence. Moscow has focused a wide range of civil society groups: anti-corruption campaigners, pro-democracy activists, journalists, and human rights defenders, as part of a Western-backed fifth column whose raison d'être is less the promotion of good governance and more the advancement of Western strategic interests at Russian expense.

scholarly journals A review on design and testing methodologies of modern freight train draft gear system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wagner ◽  
Colin Cole ◽  
Maksym Spiryagin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
South America ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Freight Train ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Draft Gear ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Damping Systems ◽  
The Eu

AbstractRolling stock connection systems are key to running longer and heavier trains as they provide both the connections of vehicles and the damping, providing the longitudinal suspension of the train. This paper focuses on the evolution of both connection and stiffness damping systems. Focus is on freight rolling stock, but passenger draw gears are also examined. It was found that connection systems have evolved from the buff and chain system used in the pioneer railways of the 1800s to the modern auto-coupler connection systems that are in-service worldwide today. Refined versions of the buff and chain coupling are, however, still in use in the EU, UK, South America and India. A wide range of auto-coupler systems are currently utilised, but the AAR coupler (Janney coupler) remains the most popular. A further variation that persists is the SA3 coupler (improved Wilson coupler) which is an alternative auto-coupler design used mainly throughout the former Soviet Union. Restricting the review to auto-coupler systems allowed the paper to focus on draft gears which revealed polymer, polymer-friction, steel spring-friction, hydraulic draft gears and sliding sill cushioning systems. Along with the single compressive draft gear units balanced and floating plate configurations are also presented. Typical draft gear acceptance standards are presented along with modelling that was included to aid in presentation of the functional characteristics of draft gears.

scholarly journals Maudsley International: improving mental health and well-being around the world

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bouras ◽  
Silvia Davey ◽  
Tracey Power ◽  
Jonathan Rolfe ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
And Training

Maudsley International was set up to help improve people's mental health and well-being around the world. A variety of programmes have been developed by Maudsley International over the past 10 years, for planning and implementing services; building capacity; and training and evaluation to support organisations and individuals, professionals and managers to train and develop health and social care provisions. Maudsley International's model is based on collaboration, sharing expertise and cultural understanding with international partners.

scholarly journals Virtual Body Ownership Illusions for Mental Health: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marta Matamala-Gomez ◽  
Antonella Maselli ◽  
Clelia Malighetti ◽  
Olivia Realdon ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Virtual Body

Over the last 20 years, virtual reality (VR) has been widely used to promote mental health in populations presenting different clinical conditions. Mental health does not refer only to the absence of psychiatric disorders but to the absence of a wide range of clinical conditions that influence people’s general and social well-being such as chronic pain, neurological disorders that lead to motor o perceptual impairments, psychological disorders that alter behaviour and social cognition, or physical conditions like eating disorders or present in amputees. It is known that an accurate perception of oneself and of the surrounding environment are both key elements to enjoy mental health and well-being, and that both can be distorted in patients suffering from the clinical conditions mentioned above. In the past few years, multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of VR to modulate such perceptual distortions of oneself and of the surrounding environment through virtual body ownership illusions. This narrative review aims to review clinical studies that have explored the manipulation of embodied virtual bodies in VR for improving mental health, and to discuss the current state of the art and the challenges for future research in the context of clinical care.

Avoiding Psychiatric Disability Overdiagnosis, Part 1: General Disability and Occupational Disability—Going Beyond Medical Impairment Assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Fabien Gagnon ◽  
Les Kertay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychiatric Disability ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Occupational Disability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Health Work

Abstract Claims of occupational psychiatric disability have increased considerably over the past 20 years. To avoid psychiatric disability overdiagnosis, it is important to improve the clinical assessment of mental health work disability. This article discusses general disability issues and their impact on individual well-being, social participation, and frequently associated poverty. It defines the difference between impairment assessment and disability assessment, explores three common disability models, and raises issues about psychiatric disability and its potential overdiagnosis.

A comparative analysis on energy subsidies in Soviet and Russian policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Closson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Trading Patterns ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
Intent To Use ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Newly Independent States

Russia’s recent intent to use gas supplies to influence the former Soviet Union Republics, and now New Independent States (NIS), has mirrored that of the Soviet’s handling of hydrocarbon supplies to the Eastern bloc, or the Council on Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). This paper explores the historical and unique conditions in making a comparison of energy trading patterns in the 1970s and 2000s. In the end, by comparing ‘then’ and ‘now’, we see a pattern of negative repercussions when the energy card is employed. This study employs a within case study cross-temporal comparative framework and asks: why would Russia transfer a failed policy of subsidies onto its newly independent states?

scholarly journals Engaging with and Shaping Nature: A Nature-Based Intervention for Those with Mental Health and Behavioural Problems at the Westonbirt Arboretum in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Repeat Visits

Mental health problems have become one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. This study used qualitative mixed methods including in-situ ‘being and doing’ activities with participants, interviews, and participant observations to explore participant’s experiences of a multi-visit nature-based intervention at Westonbirt Arboretum in England. The research found that three engagement types: (1) social, (2) woodland craft, and (3) creative and sensory, provided a meaningful programme to engage those with mental health, addiction, autism and behavioural problems. These types of engagement conferred a wide range of well-being benefits on participants. The study highlights key elements of the programme that were effective including the importance of repeat visits to nature to enable familiarity, using creative, sensory and craft activities, creating a supportive environment, involving the volunteers, and understanding the needs of participants and the organisations that work with them. The research suggests that nature-based programmes can be designed to be flexible and adaptable to meet the needs of participants with mental health and behavioural problems. Small numbers of participants can be involved in an intensive and immersive way that encourages an emotional affinity with nature. Inclusive and supportive programmes are particularly important for those who are vulnerable, as they are less likely to engage with nature than the wider population.

scholarly journals ​Chemistry, Nutritional Properties and Application of Mare’s Milk: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Adil ◽  
B.M. Mehta ◽  
Atanu H. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Mare’s milk has long been considered to have special nutritive and therapeutic properties in Mongolia and southern states of the former Soviet Union. It is now gaining popularity in some parts in Europe also. Mares’ milk is characterized by their unique nutritional profile. Therefore, interest has increased in the use of mare’s milk for human nutrition in the past several years, especially in France and Germany. As compared to many other mammal species, mare’s milk is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. Mare’s milk also has been used for the treatment of certain human pathologies such as hepatitis, chronic ulcer and tuberculosis. This review dwells on the chemical composition, nutritional value and various health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.

scholarly journals Depression and Psychological Well-Being as Distinct Constructs: Mutually Exclusive Associations With Biomarker

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Kheng Siang Ted Ng ◽  
Shu Cheng Wong ◽  
Glenn Wong ◽  
Ee Heok Kua ◽  
Anis Larbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Despite increasing emphasis on assessing the mental health of older adults, there has been inconclusive evidence on whether depression and psychological well-being (PWB) are fundamentally distinct constructs or representations of the opposite ends of the mental health spectrum. To instantiate either hypothesis, investigation of the associations between mental health scales and biomarkers have been proposed. First, we assessed depressive symptoms and PWB in community-dwelling older adults (N=59, mean age=67) using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ryff’s Scale of PWB (comprising six sub-scales). We measured a wide range of immune markers employing ELISA and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to aggregate and derived biomarker factor scores. Lastly, multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between the scales and the derived biomarker factor scores, controlling for covariates. PCA extracted six biomarker factors. Biomarker factor score 1 was significantly associated with PWB (β=-0.029, p=0.035) and the PWB sub-scale, self-acceptance (β=-0.089, p=0.047), while biomarker factor score 4 was significantly associated with the PWB sub-scale, purpose in life (β=-0.087, p=0.025). On the other hand, biomarker factor 6 was significantly associated with SDS (β=-0.070, p=0.008). There were mutually- exclusive associations between the scales with biomarker factor scores, supporting the hypothesis of distinct constructs. Our findings expanded the biomarkers of depression and PWB, deepening understanding of the biological underpinnings of depressive symptoms and PWB. These findings have implications in field work, since researchers could not infer one construct from the other, the examination of both constructs are essential.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Immigrant Psychiatrists from the Former Soviet Union in the Department of Mental Health of the Israel Defense Forces

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Teitelbaum ◽  
Rimona Durst ◽  
Moshe Abramowitz ◽  
Haim Y. Knobler ◽  
Josef Zislin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Israel Defense Forces
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