scholarly journals Domestic violence among female psychiatric patients: cross-sectional survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Morgan ◽  
Gabriella Zolese ◽  
Jane McNulty ◽  
Sharon Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Aims and methodTo establish prevalence of domestic violence among female psychiatric patients, including risk factors, health professional attention and acceptability of routine enquiry. Participants were 70 adult women in an inner-city community mental health team who received questionnaire and case-note review. Main outcome measures were: lifetime/point prevalence of domestic violence; attitudes to routine enquiry; past disclosure and recording in psychiatric records; clinical and demographic risk factors.ResultsLifetime prevalence was 60% for physical violence from partners, 27% during pregnancy and 40% receiving injuries. Point prevalence was not reported, as an insufficient number of participants were currently in a relationship. As many as 82% regarded routine enquiry as acceptable, but only 24% had ever been questioned. Logistic regression analysis showed prediction by presence of children, previous overdose, and experience of sexual abuse.Clinical implicationsDomestic violence in female psychiatric patients is common but undetected. Enquiry should be routine, but would require staff training.

scholarly journals Nye bruksmønstre i et tobakksmarked i endring – kombinert bruk av sigaretter, snus og e-sigaretter blant ungdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Stub Lundberg ◽  
Elisabeth Kvaavik ◽  
Rikke Tokle
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
School Based ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Objectives: There is limited research on combined use of cigarettes, snus and e-cigarettes in the Nordic countries. This study will investigate whether this pattern of use occurs among adolescents in Norway. In addition, we will investigate the association between combined use of several tobacco products, e-cigarettes and socio-demographic and psychosocial factors (SPF). Method: A school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the 8th to the 12th grade ( N = 875) in 2014. Information on the use of cigarettes, snus, e-cigarettes and SPF was collected using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Of the adolescents, 31% reported having tried or used one or more tobacco product and/or e-cigarette. Of these, over half reported having tried or used one product, 1/3 two products and 1/10 three products. There were more boys among poly-users (63%) than among single-users (44%). Compared to single-users, poly-users also reported weaker school performance (30% and 11%, respectively), more often reported drinking alcohol to intoxication (91% and 75%, respectively), and having tried cannabis (28% and 9%, respectively). Poly-users also scored higher on impulsivity, sensation-seeking and depression. Conclusion: The study shows that combined use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes occurs among young people in Norway. Such use was associated with psychosocial and socio-demographic risk factors. There is a need to investigate this phenomenon in more details in representative samples.

Domestic violence against women in west of Iran: the prevalence and related factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Namam-Ali Azadi ◽  
Shirin Ziaeei ◽  
Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women and its related factors in Sanandaj, west of Iran. Design/methodology/approach This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016. The sample consisted of 360 women who referred to two educational hospitals in Sanandaj. The data collection tool was a self-report questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of domestic violence against women. Findings The prevalence of “any form of violence” in the past year was 71 percent (n=245). The prevalence of emotional, sexual and physical violence was 62.2 percent (n=225), 48.7 percent (n=168) and 49.9 percent (n=172), respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that the “any form of violence” has significant association with occupation of women, economic status of family and the status of sexual satisfaction of couples. Originality/value The prevalence of domestic violence against women is high and alarming in Sanandaj, Iran. Given the relationship between experience of violence and sexual dissatisfaction, sexual education before and after marriage is recommended for couples. Also, the experience of exposure to violence in women can be included in health centers as screening programs. In this way, couples who have risk factors will receive the educational programs.

scholarly journals COVID-19 severity: Studying the clinical and demographic risk factors for adverse outcomes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255999
Author(s):  
Naila Shoaib ◽  
Naila Noureen ◽  
Rimsha Munir ◽  
Farhad Ali Shah ◽  
Noshaba Ishtiaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Background The primary goal of the presented cross-sectional observational study was to determine the clinical and demographic risk factors for adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the Pakistani population. Methods We examined the individuals (n = 6331) that consulted two private diagnostic centers in Lahore, Pakistan, for COVID-19 testing between May 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020. The attending nurse collected clinical and demographic information. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as having a positive result through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Results RT-PCR testing was positive in 1094 cases. Out of which, 5.2% had severe, and 20.8% had mild symptoms. We observed a strong association of COVID-19 severity with the number and type of comorbidities. The severity of the disease intensified as the number of comorbidities increased. The most vulnerable groups for the poor outcome are patients with diabetes and hypertension. Increasing age was also associated with PCR positivity and the severity of the disease. Conclusions Most cases of COVID-19 included in this study developed mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. Risk factors for adverse outcomes included older age and the simultaneous presence of comorbidities.

Identifying Types of Domestic Violence and Its Associated Risk Factors in a Pregnant Population in Kerman Hospitals, Iran Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Salari ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different kinds of physical and emotional violence in an Iranian pregnant population and to examine its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was done from March through July 2005 in the 4 main hospitals of Kerman, Iran, which had maternity units. In total, 416 out of 460 women who were asked to participate agreed to be interviewed, a 90.4% response rate. All respondents were interviewed privately during the first 48 hours after delivery. The mean age (± SD) was 28.0 ± 5.6, and all were married. Most of the women were urban residents (89.2%), and the majority of them were multiparous (78.8%). Nearly 16% of mothers said the pregnancies were unintended. In total, 35% (95% confidence interval: 30%-40%) of women had experienced 1 or more episodes of emotional violence during the pregnancy inflicted by their husbands, and 106 women (25%; 95% confidence interval: 21%-30%) had experienced at least 1 episode of physical violence. The highest odds of domestic violence during pregnancy was associated with unintended pregnancies (odds ratio: 7.66; 95% confidence interval: 3.45-16.99) and multiparous pregnancies (odds ratio: 6.88; 95% confidence interval: 3.46-13.68). Considering the high prevalence of different types of domestic violence during pregnancy, it should be regarded as a priority for health policy experts in Kerman and possibly Iran.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome composition and risk factors in a large cross-sectional IBS cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Agnello ◽  
Lauren N Carroll ◽  
Nabeel Imam ◽  
Rodolfo Pino ◽  
Christina Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Log Ratio

ObjectiveIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is difficult to diagnose and treat due to its inherent heterogeneity and unclear aetiology. Although there is evidence suggesting the importance of the microbiome in IBS, this association remains poorly defined. In the current study, we aimed to characterise a large cross-sectional cohort of patients with self-reported IBS in terms of microbiome composition, demographics, and risk factors.DesignIndividuals who had previously submitted a stool sample for 16S microbiome sequencing were sent a comprehensive survey regarding IBS diagnosis, demographics, health history, comorbidities, family history, and symptoms. Log ratio-transformed abundances of microbial taxa were compared between individuals reporting a diagnosis of IBS without any comorbidities and individuals reporting no health conditions. Univariable testing was followed by a multivariable logistic regression model controlling for relevant confounders.ResultsOut of 6386 respondents, 1692 reported a diagnosis of IBS without comorbidities and 1124 reported no health conditions. We identified 3 phyla, 15 genera, and 19 species as significantly associated with IBS after adjustment for confounding factors. Demographic risk factors include a family history of gut disorders and reported use of antibiotics in the last year.ConclusionThe results of this study confirm important IBS risk factors in a large cohort and support a connection for microbiome compositional changes in IBS pathogenesis. The results also suggest clinical relevance in monitoring and investigating the microbiome in patients with IBS. Further, the exploratory models described here provide a foundation for future studies.

scholarly journals Extent and risk factors of psychological violence towards physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians: a Northern China experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Fang ◽  
Lifeng Wei ◽  
Jingfu Mao ◽  
Haonan Jia ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Training Physicians

Abstract Purpose Physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians (SRTPs) have relatively high exposure to psychological violence. Its adverse effects are far greater than those of physical violence. However, no previous research has paid attention to the problem of psychological violence among them. This study aims to evaluate the extent, characteristics, and risk factors of psychological violence among SRTPs in comparison to physicians, and also to highlight the psychological violence experienced by SRTPs and suggest preventive measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in northern China. 884 physicians and 537 SRTPs completed a questionnaire which compiled by the ILO, ICN, WHO and PSI in 2003 to measure violence in the workplace. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse results. Results The effective response rates of physicians and SRTPs were 63.1%(884/1400) and 86.3%(537/622) respectively. 73.0%(645/884) of physicians and 24.8%(133/537) of SRTPs suffered psychological violence in the past year. Compared to physicians (29/645, 4.5%), SRTPs (42/133, 31.6%) experience more internal violence. Further, after experiencing psychological violence, physicians are willing to talk to family and friends, but SRTPs generally take no action. Shift work was a risk factor for both physicians (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.014–2.203) and SRTPs (OR 1.851, 95% CI 1.217–2.815) suffering from psychological violence. In contrast, no anxiety symptoms protected physicians (OR 0.406, 95% CI 0.209–0.789) and SRTPs (OR 0.404, 95% CI 0.170–0.959) against psychological violence. Conclusions SRTPs and physicians in northern China have a high risk of experiencing psychological violence, and physicians experience more. Meanwhile, there are obvious differences in responses to psychological violence and risk factors between them. Therefore, medical institutions should pay more attention to psychological violence, especially among SRTPs, such as supporting the reporting of psychological violence, strengthening team relationships, and providing psychological comfort and counselling. Trial registration number (Project Identification Code: HMUIRB20160014), Registered May 10, 2016.

Academics’ perceptions of bullying at work: insights from Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Ahmad ◽  
Rukhsana Kalim ◽  
Ahmad Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Perceptions Of Bullying ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Purpose Despite an extensive history of research into workplace bullying and the psychosomatic harm associated with it in western contexts, research into the occurrence and manifestation of bullying behavior in the academic workplaces of non-western countries is sparse. In response to this gap, the purpose of this paper is to start a research conversation by reporting an empirical enquiry into the occurrence, forms and perceptions of workplace bullying among academics in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted with a representative sample of academics in a large Pakistani province through a cross-sectional survey. Findings This study reveals that workplace bullying is prevalent among academics in the Pakistani context, with up to half of them regularly exposed to practices such as excessive work monitoring, undermining of professional competence, lack of recognition of work contributions and obstruction of important work-related matters. Research limitations/implications The findings underscore the need for developing broader institutional actions, clear policies and grievance procedures to discourage bullying at work in Pakistan. Higher educational managers will find the results useful for development of anti-bullying policies and codes of conduct. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the perceptions, occurrence and demographic risk factors associated with workplace bullying among academics in the Pakistani context.

scholarly journals Comparative Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis among Four Subgroups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Onosakponome Evelyn Orevaoghene ◽  
Michael Ndubuisi Wogu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
The Unemployed

Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the comparative seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among four subgroups in Port Harcourt viz: immunocompromised persons (HIV), pregnant women (PTW) and schizophrenics (SZN), using immunocompetent persons (IP) as controls. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) and Neuro Psychiatric Hospital (NPH) between March 2016 and February 2017. Methodology: A total of 800 (200 from each of the group) samples were collected from subjects from the three hospitals. Study participants of ≥20 years were used in this study. The detection of T. gondii antibodies in examined sera was carried out using ELISA –IgG and IgM assay using standard procedures. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on social demographic risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. Results: Out of the 800 (200 per group) examined, SZN recorded the highest seroprevalence of IgG 50%(100)(P.= .05) and IgM 4%(8) followed closely by HIV subjects with seroprevalence of IgG 32%(72) (P=.05) and IgM 2%(3). However, the seroprevalence were not significantly different from that of the immunocompetent control group which had the least seroprevalence. Schizophrenia subjects in age group 20-24 years recorded the highest seroprevalence with (P=.05) The unemployed recorded the highest seroprevalence for SZN with rates of 43% for IgG. More males were infected with the disease than females. Male Schizophrenics recorded a seroprevalence of 20.9%. There was no significant relationship between seroprevalence and demographic factors among subjects. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that toxoplasmosis was relatively prevalent (P=.05) among the studied population, with schizophrenics having the highest seroprevalence. Therefore, incorporating detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in routine testing in our health care centers is recommended for monitoring and control of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women by Their Husbands in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Kargar Jahromi ◽  
Safieh Jamali ◽  
Afifeh Rahmanian Koshkaki ◽  
Shohreh Javadpour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>Domestic violence against women is a health problem. Research on domestic violence in order to clarify the relationship between the different forms of violence and health outcomes is needed. This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of domestic violence in women. It also assessed the association between risk factors and psychological, physical, and sexual violence against women by their intimate partners.</p> <p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study was done on married women 16–80 years of age living in jahrom south of Iran between August 2013 and December 2014. This research was implemented through questionnaires including the demographic characteristic. The form of partner violence including emotional abuse, physical violence and sexual violence was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the association between violence and factors.<strong></strong></p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional domestic violence was respectively 16.4%, 18.6% and 44.4%.and was associated with Age (p=0.002), Husband’s Age (p=0.001), Length of marriage (p=0.002), Woman's low educational level women's education (OR=4.67 95%.CI=1.97-11.07), husband's low education (OR=9.22 95%. CI=0.69-12.16), were the most important risk factors for violence.<strong></strong></p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Prevalence of physical, emotional or sexual violence was very high. Men's violence against women in intimate relationships is commonly occurring in Iran. Considering the factors contributing to violence against women, raising the level of education of men and women is one of the ways to prevent violence.</p>

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