Relationship Between Body Build and Mental Illness

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Verghese ◽  
Pamela Large ◽  
Edmond Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Index

SummaryA study to test the relationship between body build and mental illness, conducted in Royal Park Psychiatric Hospital, Melbourne, is described. The Rees-Eysenck body index (REBI) and androgyny score (AGS) were determined for 225 male patients and 24 normals. As age increases, there is a decreasing trend in the scores for these two indices. There were no significant differences between the various diagnostic groups and the normal group for the AGS. But the difference between the non-paranoid schizophrenic group and paranoid schizophrenic group in REBI was significant.

Stigma Resistance and Well-Being in the Context of the Mental Illness Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652097662
Author(s):  
Kristen Marcussen ◽  
Mary Gallagher ◽  
Christian Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Stigma Resistance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

We use a perceptual control model of identity to examine the relationship between stigmatized appraisals (from self and other) and well-being among individuals with serious mental illness. We also examine the role of stigma resistance strategies in the identity process. Using in-depth interviews with active clients of a community mental health center (N = 156), we find that deflection, or distancing oneself from mental illness, is associated with greater self-esteem and fewer depressive symptoms. Challenging others through education is associated with higher self-esteem, and challenging stigma through activism is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Activism also moderates the relationship between identity discrepancy (the difference between appraisals from self and other) and well-being; however, the extent to which activism is helpful or harmful depends on whether appraisals from others are more or less stigmatizing than self-views. We discuss the implications of these findings for identity and stigma research.

Factors influencing the rate of incidents in a United Kingdom high secure psychiatric hospital: Weekend, ward round and diagnostic effect?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S353-S354
Author(s):  
F. Lewis ◽  
H. Blott ◽  
S. Bhattacherjee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Ward Round ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
One Year

IntroductionBroadmoor is a high secure psychiatric hospital divided into personality disorder (PD) and mental illness (MI) pathways. Whenever an incident occurs, it should be recorded. To better understand which factors influence the rate of incidents, such as diagnosis or intervention by medical and psychological staff, we examined the difference in the number of incidents recorded on weekdays versus weekends, ward round (WR) versus non-WR days and the PD versus MI pathways.MethodAll incidents recorded over a one-year period (3.11.2014–2.11.2015) were examined. Extraneous incidents were excluded, leaving subgroups of “aggressive” (physical and verbal) and “physical” (excluding verbal) incidents which were analysed. Data were adjusted for the difference in number of beds in each pathway.ResultsOf the 2369 incident reports included, more were recorded per day on weekdays than weekends, with little difference on WR versus non-WR days. The rates of both types of incidents were similar on both PD and MI admission wards, although the rate of “physical” incidents was 2.6 times higher and “aggressive” incidents 3.3 times higher in PD compared to MI rehabilitation wards.ConclusionThe findings suggest the presence of medical and psychological staff during the week, and possibly the requirements they place on patients, may increase the rate of incidents within the hospital. Despite comparable rates on admission, MI rehabilitation wards have far fewer incidents than PD rehab wards, which may reflect the more intractable nature of PD versus MI. More work is required to confirm these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Definitions and Operationalization of Mental Health Problems, Wellbeing and Participation Constructs in Children with NDD: Distinctions and Clarifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Granlund ◽  
Christine Imms ◽  
Gillian King ◽  
Anna Karin Andersson ◽  
Lilly Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Children with impairments are known to experience more restricted participation than other children. It also appears that low levels of participation are related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and define the constructs mental health problems, mental health, and participation to ensure that future research investigating participation as a means to mental health in children and adolescents with NDD is founded on conceptual clarity. We first discuss the difference between two aspects of mental health problems, namely mental disorder and mental illness. This discussion serves to highlight three areas of conceptual difficulty and their consequences for understanding the mental health of children with NDD that we then consider in the article: (1) how to define mental health problems, (2) how to define and assess mental health problems and mental health, i.e., wellbeing as separate constructs, and (3) how to describe the relationship between participation and wellbeing. We then discuss the implications of our propositions for measurement and the use of participation interventions as a means to enhance mental health (defined as wellbeing). Conclusions: Mental disorders include both diagnoses related to impairments in the developmental period, i.e., NDD and diagnoses related to mental illness. These two types of mental disorders must be separated. Children with NDD, just like other people, may exhibit aspects of both mental health problems and wellbeing simultaneously. Measures of wellbeing defined as a continuum from flourishing to languishing for children with NDD need to be designed and evaluated. Wellbeing can lead to further participation and act to protect from mental health problems.

Chromosome Examination of Male Patients in a Psychiatric Hospital

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
The One

The present study has been made with the purpose of studying the frequency of chromosome aberrations in a male psychiatric hospital population, especially in order to look for possible associations between minor chromosome aberrations such as variations in short arms or satellites in D or G chromosomes as well as in Y length on the one hand and mental illness and criminality on the other.

scholarly journals Trends and equity in the use of health services in Spain and Germany around austerity in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Moreno ◽  
Lourdes Lostao ◽  
Johannes Beller ◽  
Stefanie Sperlich ◽  
Elena Ronda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Abstract Background Following the 2008 economic crisis many countries implemented austerity policies, including reducing public spending on health services. This paper evaluates the trends and equity in the use of health services during and after that period in Spain – a country with austerity policies – and in Germany – a country without restriction on healthcare spending. Methods Data from several National Surveys in Spain and several waves of the Socio-Economic Panel in Germany, carried out between 2009 and 2017, were used. The dependent variables were number of doctor’s consultations and whether or not a hospital admission occurred. The measure of socioeconomic position was education. In each year, the estimates were made for people with and without pre-existing health problems. First, the average number of doctor’s consultations and the percentage of respondents who had had been hospitalized were calculated. Second, the relationship between education and use of those health services was estimated by calculating the difference in consultations using covariance analysis – in the case of number of consultations – and by calculating the percentage ratio using binomial regression – in the case of hospitalization. Results The annual mean number of consultations went down in both countries. In Spain the average was 14.2 in 2009 and 10.4 in 2017 for patients with chronic conditions; 16.6 and 13.5 for those with a mental illness; and 6.4 and 5.9 for those without a defined illness. In Germany, the averages were 13.8 (2009) and 12.9 (2017) for the chronic group; 21.1 and 17.0 for mental illness; and 8.7 and 7.5 with no defined illness. The hospitalization frequency also decreased in both countries. The majority of the analyses presented no significant differences in relation to education. Conclusion In both Spain and Germany, service use decreased between 2009 and 2017. In the first few years, this reduction coincided with a period of austerity in Spain. In general, we did not find socioeconomic differences in health service use.

Postoperative Nystagmus and Nausea

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassem E. Larijani ◽  
Irwin Gratz ◽  
Mary Afshar
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and the relationship between postoperative nystagmus and nausea. DESIGN: Open-label study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-six patients recovering from general anesthesia following elective ambulatory surgeries. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were tested postoperatively for nystagmus using an electronystagmography, and were monitored for nausea and vomiting for the first postoperative day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comparison of the incidence of nausea was made among patients with and without postoperative nystagmus. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (36 percent) experienced postoperative nausea and 28 patients (42 percent) had nystagmus. There were no significant differences in age, weight, height, dosage of fentanyl, or postoperative use of narcotics between those who experienced postoperative nausea or had nystagmus than those who did not. A significantly greater percentage of female patients compared with male patients had nausea during the first postoperative day. Sixty percent of patients with nystagmus experienced nausea in the hospital compared with 18 percent of the patients without nystagmus (p<0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] of the difference = 11.3 to 61.3 percent). Twenty-two patients (78 percent) with nystagmus experienced nausea during the first postoperative day compared with 14 patients (36 percent) with no nystagmus (p<0.01, 95 percent CI of the difference = 20.1 to 63.3 percent). Eighty-three percent of the nauseated patients experienced vomiting during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of nystagmus in the early part of recovery from general anesthesia is associated with a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first postoperative day.

Occupational Differences of Male Psychiatric Patients on the MMPI

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Occupational Differences ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies contain little data on the relationship of occupational differences of psychiatric patients to their MMPI personality patterns. The present study reports the distributions of MMPI T scores and standard deviations in three occupational categories within a randomly selected group of 110 male patients in a private psychiatric hospital. Results suggest that MMPI personality patterns should not be considered independently of the occupation of the individual testee.

Arrest Patterns among Mentally Disordered Offenders

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
The Relationship

One unknown factor in the link between crime and mental illness is whether or not mentally ill offenders are more liable than others to arrest. Ninety-one mentally ill, and 76 normal, criminally offending men were asked about the circumstances of their offence and arrest. A majority of mentally ill men had been arrested at the scene of the crime, and more than a quarter of the schizophrenic group had reported themselves to the police. We argue that when many offenders are either unreported or undetected, the increased vulnerability of the mentally ill to detection and arrest makes them disproportionately liable to detection. Attempting to assess the relationship between crime and mental illness is thus extremely difficult.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

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