The Prognostic Significance of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S7) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Pogue-Geile
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Special Supplement ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
General Topic ◽  
Future Work

As is evidenced by this special supplement of the British Journal of Psychiatry, negative symptoms have become the focus of an increasing research effort. We have recently reviewed this overall body of research in an attempt to understand its current status and to suggest directions for future work from a broad perspective (Pogue-Geile & Zubin, 1988). In contrast, the aim of this paper is to review concisely one specific aspect of this research — namely the prognostic and longitudinal characteristics of negative symptoms. Research findings on this general topic will be reviewed by addressing a series of more specific subquestions, which are outlined below. Throughout, the potential importance of when in the course of the disorder (i.e. during an acute episode or afterward) negative symptoms are assessed will be emphasised (Kay et al, 1986b).

scholarly journals Development of an Understanding of Reactive Mercury in Ambient Air: A Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Mae Sexauer Gustin ◽  
Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham ◽  
Jiaoyan Huang ◽  
Steve Lindberg ◽  
Seth N. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Power Plant Emissions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Stack Gas

This review focuses on providing the history of measurement efforts to quantify and characterize the compounds of reactive mercury (RM), and the current status of measurement methods and knowledge. RM collectively represents gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and that bound to particles. The presence of RM was first recognized through measurement of coal-fired power plant emissions. Once discovered, researchers focused on developing methods for measuring RM in ambient air. First, tubular KCl-coated denuders were used for stack gas measurements, followed by mist chambers and annular denuders for ambient air measurements. For ~15 years, thermal desorption of an annular KCl denuder in the Tekran® speciation system was thought to be the gold standard for ambient GOM measurements. Research over the past ~10 years has shown that the KCl denuder does not collect GOM compounds with equal efficiency, and there are interferences with collection. Using a membrane-based system and an automated system—the Detector for Oxidized mercury System (DOHGS)—concentrations measured with the KCl denuder in the Tekran speciation system underestimate GOM concentrations by 1.3 to 13 times. Using nylon membranes it has been demonstrated that GOM/RM chemistry varies across space and time, and that this depends on the oxidant chemistry of the air. Future work should focus on development of better surfaces for collecting GOM/RM compounds, analytical methods to characterize GOM/RM chemistry, and high-resolution, calibrated measurement systems.

scholarly journals Carepath for overcoming psychosis early (COPE): first 5 years of clinical operation and prospective research in the Cavan–Monaghan early intervention service

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
S. Fayyaz ◽  
N. Nkire ◽  
B. Nwosu ◽  
N. Amjad ◽  
A. Kinsella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Prospective Research ◽  
Operational Activities

Objectives: As Ireland confronts the many challenges of broadening the introduction of early intervention services (EIS) for first episode psychosis (FEP) as national policy, this article describes Carepath for Overcoming Psychosis Early (COPE), the EIS of Cavan–Monaghan Mental Health Service, and presents prospective research findings during its first 5 years of operation. Methods: COPE was launched as a rural EIS with an embedded research protocol in early 2012, following an education programme for general practitioners (GPs). Here, operational activities are documented and research findings presented through to late 2016. Results: During this period, 115 instances of FEP were incepted into COPE, 70.4% via their GP and 29.6% via the Emergency Department. The annual rate of inception was 24.8/100,000 of population aged > 15 years and was 2.1-fold more common among men than women. Mean duration of untreated psychosis was 5.7 months and median time from first psychotic presentation to initiation of antipsychotic treatment was zero days. Assessments of psychopathology, neuropsychology, neurology, premorbid functioning, quality of life, insight, and functionality compared across 10 DSM-IV psychotic diagnoses made at six months following presentation indicated minimal differences between them, other than more prominent negative symptoms in schizophrenia and more prominent mania in bipolar disorder. Conclusions: COPE illustrates the actuality of introducing and the challenges of operating a rural EIS for FEP. Prospective follow-up studies of the 5-year COPE cohort should inform on the effectiveness of this EIS model in relation to long-term outcome in psychotic illness across what appear to be arbitrary diagnostic boundaries at FEP.

scholarly journals The GOME-2 instrument on the Metop series of satellites: instrument design, calibration, and level 1 data processing – an overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Munro ◽  
Rüdiger Lang ◽  
Dieter Klaes ◽  
Gabriele Poli ◽  
Christian Retscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Ground Calibration

Abstract. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) flies on the Metop series of satellites, the space component of the EUMETSAT Polar System. In this paper we will provide an overview of the instrument design, the on-ground calibration and characterization activities, in-flight calibration, and level 0 to 1 data processing. The current status of the level 1 data is presented and points of specific relevance to users are highlighted. Long-term level 1 data consistency is also discussed and plans for future work are outlined. The information contained in this paper summarizes a large number of technical reports and related documents containing information that is not currently available in the published literature. These reports and documents are however made available on the EUMETSAT web pages and readers requiring more details than can be provided in this overview paper will find appropriate references at relevant points in the text.

scholarly journals The View of Student Teachers on the Teacher’s Profession

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Petra Trávníčková
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
University Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, teaching is no longer perceived only as a job, but as a profession. The study focuses on student’s view on the teacher’s profession, which is important in the context of becoming a teacher. During their university studies, student teachers are at the beginning of their professional careers. Their attitudes, values and principles are still evolving. Methods: Building on previous studies, qualitative methodology was applied. The main goals of the research were to describe the changing views of student teachers on the teacher’s profession, and to compare their views in the first and third years of study. Therefore, thematic writing was chosen. Results: The results show that the student teacher’s views change significantly during their university studies. While in the first year, student teachers focus more on the importance of childhood, their own practical experience and the teacher’s influence on a child’s life; in the last year of bachelor´s study, the emphasis is on the teacher’s personality, teaching professionalism and on the teacher as a learner can be observed. This paper can provide evidence that university education for kindergarten teachers is important and it most likely influences their future work. Discussion: The research findings show that it is appropriate to pay attention to how views about the teacher’s profession change. This could broaden the view of the development of the teacher profession concept and could also be a useful tool for modifying the content of future teachers’ education. Limitations: A certain limit of research can be sen in using one method. It would certainly be appropriate to supplement the research with interviews with participants. In my future research I will focus on this issue. Conclusion: 1. The student teachers’ views change significantly during their university studies, 2. The focus moves from their practical experience to the didactic theory. 3. There is a shift from focusing on personality of teachers to their abilities.

scholarly journals Early year undergraduate researchers’ reflections on the values and perceived costs of their research experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye D. Ceyhan ◽  
John W. Tillotson
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background Prior research reported that motivational beliefs that individuals attach to specific tasks predict continuing interest and persistence in the task. A motivational approach may be particularly useful for understanding undergraduate students’ engagement with research in their first and second years in college. The current study utilizes the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation to qualitatively explore how much and in what ways early year undergraduate researchers value their research experience and what kinds of costs they associate with it. Results The results revealed that intrinsic value had the highest expression in participants’ motivation to engage in research. The second most expressed value type was the utility value of undergraduate research with regards to obtaining the desired outcomes, and attainment value played the least important role in participants’ motivation to engage in research. Findings also indicated that some of the participants associated a cost(s) to their research experience. The highest mentioned perceived cost was opportunity cost, where participants commented on losing other valued alternatives when engaging in research. Participants commented on the time, effort, or amount of work needed to engage in research, and a few participants commented on the emotional cost associated with their research experience in terms of the fear of failure. Conclusion As perceived cost is the least studied in the expectancy-value framework, this study contributes to cost values within college students, particularly about early year undergraduate researchers. The findings of this study can form the basis for future work on exploring ways to increase the values and decrease the costs students experience in their undergraduate research experiences.

scholarly journals Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2021

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Special Supplement ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Key Indicators

This publication presents the latest key statistics on development issues for the economies of Asia and the Pacific. It sets out the region’s current status in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals, and provides economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for the 49 regional members of the Asian Development Bank. It covers global value chains and also highlights initiatives of national statistics offices to provide timely data for planning and policymaking. A special supplement, Capturing the Digital Economy, sets out a framework for measuring the importance of the digital economy in national and global production processes.

scholarly journals Migraine and Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work

Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headaches, often accompanied by sensory and motor disturbances. Clinical manifestations of migraine are influenced by dietary behaviors and dietary elements. Several dietary triggers for migraine have been identified, leading to the definition of strategies such as elimination diets, ketogenic diets, and comprehensive diets, mainly to help prevent migraine. Although inconsistency is present in the literature and no consensus exists, the available data are promising in supporting beneficial dietary interventions for some migraine patients. Several factors influence the net outcome, including age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. Advancement in understanding the underlying mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis and how dietary factors can interfere with those mechanisms has encouraged investigators to consider diet as a disease-modifying agent, which may also interfere with the gut–brain axis or the epigenetics of migraine. Future work holds potential for phenotyping migraine patients and offering personalized recommendations in line with biopsychosocial models for the management of migraine. Diet, as an important element of lifestyle, is a modifiable aspect that needs further attention. Well-designed, systematic, and mechanism-driven dietary research is needed to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations specific to migraine. This narrative review aims to present the current status and future perspective on diet and migraine, in order to stimulate further research and awareness.

Neuroscientific Approaches for Maintaining, Balancing, and Developing Mature Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Hun Lim ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Cho Hyun Park ◽  
Chang Sung Jang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Issue ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Brain Based Learning ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mature Workers

As the aging population is rapidly increasing worldwide, keeping older workers to address the skilled labor shortage has been an important economic issue. This study pursues the current status of the older workforce in the U.S., identifies organizational support systems for mature workers, and proposes neuroscientific approaches and methods to maintain and develop effective mature workers through an integrative review of recent research findings in neuroscience and brain-based learning and development.

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