scholarly journals Competing against Time: Report of the Governor's Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Housner ◽  
Charles C. Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Executive Order ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Loma Prieta

A Board of Inquiry was appointed by the Governor of California to investigate the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. The formation of the Board was prompted by earthquake damage to bridges and freeway structures and the desire to know not only what happened, but how to prevent such destruction in future earthquakes. The Board made fifty-two specific findings and eight recommendations. They identified three essential challenges that must be addressed by the citizens of California, if they expect a future adequately safe from earthquakes: 1) ensure that earthquake risks posed by new construction are acceptable; 2) identify and correct unacceptable seismic safety conditions in existing structures, and; 3) develop and implement actions that foster the rapid, effective, and economic response to and recovery from damaging earthquakes The Loma Prieta earthquake should be considered a clear and powerful warning to the people of California. Although progress has been made during the past two decades in reducing earthquake risks, much more could have been done, and awaits doing. More aggressive efforts to mitigate the consequences of future, certain earthquakes are needed if their disastrous potential is to be minimized and one of the most fundamental of responsibilities of government is to be fulfilled—to provide for the public safety. The Governor signed an Executive Order implementing the principal recommendations of the Board that may prove to be the most significant step to improve seismic safety within the State taken in the last several decades. It establishes the policy that all state owned and operated structures are to be seismically safe and that important structures are to maintain their function after earthquakes.

State response to the Loma Prieta earthquake: Competing against time

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2127-2142
Author(s):  
Charles C. Thiel ◽  
George W. Housner ◽  
L. Thomas Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
State Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Loma Prieta

Abstract A Board of Inquiry was appointed by the Governor of California to investigate the damage, particularly to bridges and freeway structures, caused by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The Governor wanted to know not only what happened, but how to prevent such destruction in the future. The Board identified three essential challenges that must be addressed by the citizens of California, if they expect a future adequately safe from earthquakes: (1) ensure that earthquake risks posed by new construction are acceptable; (2) identify and correct unacceptable seismic safety conditions in existing structures; and (3) develop and implement actions that foster the rapid, effective, and economic response to and recovery from damaging earthquakes. The Governor issued an Executive Order implementing the principal Board recommendations that all state-owned and -operated structures are to be seismically safe and that important structures are to maintain their function after earthquakes. The Seismic Safety Commission has evaluated the response of state agencies to the Order and found performance generally to be good, but variable. Inadequate funding is the most serious and the most difficult for the agencies to address internally, as are legislative capital budgeting processes that are cumbersome. Agencies were encouraged to identify single administrators responsible for seismic safety to assure management accountability, rather than the generally diffuse responsibility found in most agencies. The Board, Governor, and Commission all concluded that, while much progress has been made during the past two decades in reducing earthquake risks, much more awaits doing. More aggressive efforts to mitigate the consequences of future, certain earthquakes are needed if one of the most fundamental of responsibilities of government is to be fulfilled—to provide for the public safety.

Plans, Code Enforcement, and Damage Reduction: Evidence from the Northridge Earthquake

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Burby ◽  
Steven P. French ◽  
Arthur C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Using Data

The State of California requires local governments to pay attention to seismic safety in formulating general plans for urban development and in permitting and inspecting new construction and remodeled existing structures. The Northridge earthquake provided an opportunity to determine whether these provisions, which have been mandatory for more than two decades, actually result in lower property damages. Using data on the number of structures damaged in the Northridge event, we show that, for suburban jurisdictions, damages were lower when local governments formulated broader goals for seismic safety, developed policies to make the public more aware of seismic risks, and expended more resources on enforcing the seismic provisions of building codes. Thus, seismic safety mandates on local governments can lead to lower property damages, and these benefits are enhanced when local governments expend more effort on their implementation.

The Revival of Jewish Life

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Jonathan Webber ◽  
Chris Schwarz ◽  
Jason Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Life ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
Holocaust Memorial ◽  
The People ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Democratic Freedom

This chapter talks about the people who are creating and maintaining projects that memorialize both the Jewish life that existed in Polish Galicia for centuries and the enormity of the Holocaust during which it was destroyed. It discloses the public acknowledgment of the Jewish heritage that has been ongoing since Poland regained its democratic freedom in 1989, which led to the revival of Jewish life. It also describes the main Holocaust memorial in Kraków, which is comprised of symbolic abandoned chairs scattered through an entire city to highlight the Jewish absence. The chapter mentions non-Jewish Poles who have become aware of the past in Poland that included Jews and Jewish culture. It details post-Holocaust Poland in the 1970s that was severely restricted and in danger of facing extinction as 90 percent of Holocaust survivors had emigrated.

scholarly journals Film Dokumenter Tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan “Sebuah Kebersamaan Yang Hilang”

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Kadek Agus Merta Yasa ◽  
Gede Saindra Santyadiputra ◽  
I Gede Mahendra Darmawiguna
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Film ◽  
Community Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Local Traditions

Tradisi Magebeg-Gebegan merupakan tradisi yang dilakukan oleh Masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga. Tradisi perebutan kepala anak sapi ini dilaksanakan secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga yang digelar pada saat upacara Bhuta Yadnya yaitu upacara pecaruan tawur kesanga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Untuk mengimplementasikan hasil rancangan film dokumenter tradisi  Megebeg–Gebegan Desa Tukadmungga, (2) Untuk mengetahui respon kalangan masyarakat terhadap hasil film dokumenter  tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan Desa Tukadmungga. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan pada film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan adalah model Cyclic Strategy. Cyclic Strategy merupakan sebuah metode yang ada kalanya suatu tahap perlu diulang kembali sebelum tahap berikutnya dilanjutkan. Adapun tahap–tahap dari Cyclic Strategy diantaranya adalah brief, tahap 1, tahap 2, evaluasi 1, tahap 3, evaluasi 2, tahap 4 dan Outcome. Dengan dibuatkanya film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan ini, masyarakat akan menyadari pentingnya eksistensi tradisi lokal yang dimiliki sebagai warisan peradaban di masa lampau untuk dilestarikan sebagai penjunjung nilai sejarah, norma, dan keunikan tradisi di daerah tempat tinggal. Selain itu film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai media informasi serta menjadi inspirasi bagi masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga pada khususnya. Kata kunci : Film Dokumenter, Tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan, Tradisi Lokal. The Magebeg-Gebegan tradition is a tradition carried out by the Tukadmungga Village Community. This calf head grab tradition is carried out from generation to generation by the people in Tukadmungga Village which was held at the Bhuta Yadnya ceremony a day before Nyepi day, namely the tawur kesanga renewal ceremony. This study aims to (1) To implement the results of the documentary design of Megebeg-Gebegan tradition in Tukadmungga Village, (2) To find out the community response to the results of documentary film Megebeg-Gebegan tradition in Tukadmungga Village. The research method used in the documentary Megebeg-Gebegan tradition is the Cyclic Strategy model. Cyclic Strategy is a method that sometimes has to be repeated before the next stage continues. The stages of Cyclic Strategy include briefs, stage 1, stage 2, evaluation 1, stage 3, evaluation 2, stage 4 and Outcome. With this documentary on the Megebeg-Gebegan tradition, the public will realize the how importance is the existence of local traditions that have been held as a legacy of civilization in the past to be preserved as upholding historical values, norms, and unique traditions in the area of residence. In addition, the documentary of Megebeg-Gebegan tradition can be used as a medium of information as well as an inspiration for the people of Tukadmungga Village in particular. Keywords: Documentary Film, Megebeg-Gebegan Tradition, Local Tradition.

Leprosy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global View ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Books

Leprosy is an infection and neglected tropical disease that is steeped in myths, and, although it is described in history books, it can remain a challenge to manage today. Written in an accessible manner for professionals and the public alike, this book takes a global view of leprosy past and present. As a backdrop, it starts with exploring what we actually know about leprosy from medicine, how it is spread to humans, and its effects on the body. It then moves to consider its diagnosis and treatment in people, past and present. The focus switches next to the ways in which leprosy is diagnosed in skeletons (paleopathology), from just looking at the bones to analyzing the DNA of the bacteria preserved in the bones. By doing so, information on skeletons with evidence of leprosy across the globe is synthesized with the aim of considering the current state of global knowledge regarding the origin, evolution, and history of leprosy. In particular, the book explores how all the people diagnosed with leprosy in their skeletons in the past were buried, and the myth that everybody was ostracized and segregated into leprosy hospitals, due to stigma, is dismissed. It concludes with thoughts on a future for leprosy, the need to continue to dispel its myths and to seriously reconsider the use of the word “leper” when discussing leprosy today and in the past.

scholarly journals Delinquency Prevention through Crime Conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ahlam Mohammadi ◽  
Zahra Abedinejad Mehrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Situational Prevention ◽  
The People ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Technical Measures

<p>Nowadays, the prevention of crime over the past are subjected to the judicial authorities seriously and criminal policy has adopted a set of measures to deal with criminal phenomenon that a part of the measures returns to situational prevention measures which seeks to limit the opportunities and situations causing offense and makes difficult to realize the criminal mind. Further, one of these strategies, protect and support the target of crime. In addition the community has not been achieved in take away of the mind and think of the people from crime and social prevention, perfectly. Therefore, we must think of the stockade after the realizing of the criminal act. Owing to one of the ways in which the transition from thought to action make difficult is strengthening the protection of crime targets so the aim of the choice of the current title is trying to realize to prevention from delinquency by protecting the target of crime. Moreover, research methodology is explanatory method using the library resources, the finding of the author of this study is that the organized protection of targets that are more vulnerable to crime will be an effective step towards restriction the crime. In conclusion this protection will be including outside the in-hand targets of criminals or exposed them in the public view, technical measures of protection of the homes and vehicles and other property, property marking, control of inputs and outputs, electronic protections such as video surveillance and protection from software data.</p>

scholarly journals History, Commemoration, and Belief: Abraham Lincoln in American Memory, 1945-2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Schwartz ◽  
Howard Schuman
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
People First ◽  
American Memory ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Ever since Maurice Halbwachs's pioneering work, most scholars have been content to explore collective memory through texts and commemorative symbolism. Assuming that a study of collective memory has fuller meaning when it takes into account what ordinary people think about the past, we compare historians' and commemorative agents' representations of Abraham Lincoln to what four national samples of Americans believe about him. Five primary images-Savior of the Union, Great Emancipator, Man of the People, First (Frontier) American, and Self-Made Man-are prominent in the cumulative body of Lincoln representations, but recent surveys show that only one of these images, the Great Emancipator, is dominant within the public. Lincoln's one-dimensional Emancipator image, which differs from the multi—dimensional one evident in a 1945 sample, reflects new perceptions of the Civil War shaped by late twentieth-century minority rights movements. Thus, “bringing men [and women] back in” involves survey evidence being added to historiographic and commemoration analysis to clarify one of sociology's most ambiguous concepts, collective memory, and to explore its social and generational roots.

scholarly journals Authorization of attributes; its origin and factors of survival and extension: التفويض في الصفات؛ نشأته وعوامل بقائه وامتداده

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaya Mohamed Attia
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Attributes Of God ◽  
Definition Of

The study aimed to clarify the issue of delegation in names and attributes and its origin and the reasons for its extension. The study followed the descriptive, analytical, analytical approach to written documents, which includes a total of sayings of Islamic scholars in the past and present, and the research may be from an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion; And in it two topics; the first: the definition of the mandate language and terminology, while the second: the origin and development of the mandate, and the second chapter included the causes and factors of extension until the present era, and the results revealed the following: - The truth of the delegation: It is a negation of the attributes of God Almighty, and it is contrary to the method of the companions and the predecessor of the nation, where they believed in the qualities abstract from the meanings, until they became the matter to disable these attributes, as they disrupted the texts in which the attributes were mentioned, because they became the result of saying texts meaningless , And nobody understands it from creation. Several factors have helped to perpetuate the doctrine of authorization. Including: the extension of the Ash'ari school of thought, whose authorization is one of its ways with the other way of interpretation, and their apprehension to the public that the mandate is the doctrine of the predecessor, in addition to the occurrence of some imams and the people of hadith in saying authorization, which contributed to the consolidation of the doctrine of authorization, and its survival in their books that contemporaries still infer Out on his health. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and proposals aimed at correcting the belief and showing the error of violators were presented.

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Media and Hashtag Activism on Enhancing Student Voice to Create Institutional Curriculum Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Christian University ◽  
The Public ◽  
Curriculum Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Equity And Inclusion ◽  
Made In

College-aged students are often at the forefront of social movements. Students are commonly the people who use their voices to fight for changes at the institutions of higher education that they are attending. Various social media outlets, specifically Twitter, have allowed these students to organize social protests online through hashtag activism. Hashtag activism allows individuals to connect to other individuals protesting for a similar cause through a common hashtagged word or phrase. I have been an undergraduate student at Texas Christian University (TCU) for the past four years, and I have seen the ways in which hashtag activism has laid the foundation for institutional changes, particularly in the curriculum, to be made. In this thesis, I examine how students who participated in the hashtag movements #BeingMinorityAtTCU and/or #DearTCU were able to show the TCU administration glimpses of their personal stories through the public venue of social media, creating a pressure that led TCU administration, faculty, and staff to shift the core curriculum to include a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) overlay. This overlay requires students to take a DEI-focused course that will encourage conversations about identity and how to be a leader in this diverse country and world that we live in. 

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