Measures of the Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Haiti

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Brien ◽  
Marc Eberhard ◽  
Olafur Haraldsson ◽  
Ayhan Irfanoglu ◽  
David Lattanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similar Survey

Following the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake, teams of students and faculty members from the United States and Haiti surveyed 170 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Port-au-Prince and Léogâne. This paper summarizes the survey results and compares them with results from a similar survey done after the 1999 earthquakes near Düzce, Turkey. The survey results demonstrate that the frequency of damage in RC buildings was higher in Haiti than in Turkey. This increased level of damage is consistent with practical screening criteria based on cross-sectional areas of building columns and walls. Based on these criteria, 90% of the structures surveyed in Haiti would have been classified as seismically vulnerable before the earthquake. Damage was more frequent in structures with captive columns. A two-tiered screening process is suggested to rapidly assess the vulnerability of scores of poorly built low-rise RC buildings in future earthquakes.

Response of Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings to the 2017 Puebla Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1763-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Arteta ◽  
Julian Carrillo ◽  
Jorge Archbold ◽  
Daniel Gaspar ◽  
Cesar Pajaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Soft Story ◽  
Masonry Infills ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Ductility Capacity

The response of mid-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Mexico City after the 2017 Puebla Earthquake is assessed through combined field and computational investigation. The Mw 7.1 earthquake damaged more than 500 buildings where most of them are classified as mid-rise RC frames with infill walls. A multinational team from Colombia, Mexico, and the United States was rapidly deployed within a week of the occurrence of the event to investigate the structural and nonstructural damage levels of over 60 RC buildings with 2–12 stories. The results of the study confirmed that older mid-rise structures with limited ductility capacity may have been shaken past their capacity. To elucidate the widespread damage in mid-rise RC framed structures, the post-earthquake reconnaissance effort is complemented with inelastic modeling and simulation of several representative RC framing systems with and without masonry infill walls. It was confirmed that the addition of non-isolated masonry infills significantly impacts the ductility capacity and increases the potential for a soft-story mechanism formation in RC frames originally analyzed and designed to be bare systems.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similar Survey

<em>Abstract</em>.—The status of paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>in the United States was first described in two surveys published in 1986 and 1997; in this paper, we report the results of a similar survey of state and federal agency personnel that we conducted in 2006. From the 1970s through the 1990s, the status of paddlefish stocks was on a downward trend throughout much of the species’ range. The 2006 survey results suggest that the status of paddlefish stocks has improved since the first survey was conducted; 17 of 26 states in 2006 reported that their paddlefish populations were stable or increasing, compared to only 14 states in 1983 and 1994. The number of states with closed fisheries (i.e., no commercial or sport harvest) increased to 12 in 2006 from 8 in 1983. The number of states reporting declining or stable/declining paddlefish populations dropped from seven states in 1983 to only three states in 2006. The two principal reasons cited for reported declines have remained the same for more than three decades: habitat loss and overfishing. Two states where paddlefish were listed as extirpated (New York and Pennsylvania) have begun restoration efforts that may one day allow the status of paddlefish in those states to be changed. As long as the demand for caviar remains strong, pressure on paddlefish stocks will undoubtedly remain high in the seven states where they are commercially exploited. However, earlier fears of a basin-wide collapse in paddlefish stocks should continue to diminish if resource managers are successful in combating overfishing and continued habitat destruction, which will always threaten the long-term viability of paddlefish stocks throughout the Mississippi River basin.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Affected by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Brzev ◽  
Bishnu Pandey ◽  
Dev Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Carlos Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Masonry Shear Wall

Low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) frames with brick masonry infill walls up to five stories high have been used for housing construction in Nepal since the late 1980s. Many buildings of this type were damaged and/or collapsed in the 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (M 7.8), even in areas characterized with moderate shaking intensity such as Kathmandu Valley. Due to inadequate design and/or construction of RC frame components, these buildings essentially behave like masonry shear wall structures with a shear-dominant failure mechanism. The paper presents the findings of a field survey of 98 RC buildings affected by the 2015 earthquake. The main objective of the study was to correlate the observed damage in the buildings using the modified European macroseismic scale (EMS)-98 and the wall index (defined as the wall area in the direction of shaking divided by the total building plan area above the level of interest). The results can be used to help establish recommendations regarding the required wall index for low-rise RC buildings in Nepal.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Household Chaos and Child, Parent, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Marsh ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Ralph Maddison
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Chaos ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos.Methods: We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. Results: 112 studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n=71), and used either cross-sectional (n=60) or longitudinal (n=49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n=16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n=60), (3) communication (n=6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n=21), (5) parent outcomes (n=6), (6) hormone (n=8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n=19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES).Conclusion: There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Household Chaos and Child, Parent, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Marsh ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Ralph Maddison
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Chaos ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos.Methods: We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. Results: 112 studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n=71), and used either cross-sectional (n=60) or longitudinal (n=49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n=16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n=60), (3) communication (n=6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n=21), (5) parent outcomes (n=6), (6) hormone (n=8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n=19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES).Conclusion: There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.

scholarly journals An Accurate Numerical Model Simulating Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Irrespective of Types of Loading Protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Seok Lee ◽  
Sang Whan Han
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Backbone Curve ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Backbone Curves

AbstractIn older reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, columns are fragile elements that can induce collapse of entire buildings during earthquakes. An accurate assessment of the seismic vulnerability of RC buildings using nonlinear response history analyses requires an accurate numerical model. The peak-oriented hysteretic rule is often used in existing numerical models to simulate the hysteretic behavior of RC members, with predefined backbone curves and cyclic deterioration. A monotonic backbone curve is commonly constructed from a cyclic envelope. Because cyclic envelope varies according to loading protocols, particularly in a softening branch, it is difficult to obtain a unique backbone curve irrespective of loading protocols. In addition, cyclic deterioration parameters irrespective of loading protocols cannot be found because these parameters are estimated with respect to the backbone curves. Modeling parameters of existing numerical models can also vary with respect to loading protocol. The objective of this study is to propose a loading protocol-independent numerical model that does not require estimates of modeling parameters specifically tuned for a certain loading protocol. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing the simulated and measured cyclic curves of different sets of identical RC column specimens under various loading protocols.

School Nurses Perceptions on Managing Asthma in Alabama Schools

2020 ◽  
pp. 105984052092445
Author(s):  
Linda Gibson-Young ◽  
Julee Waldrop ◽  
Brenda Lindahl ◽  
Ellen Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nurses Perceptions

Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children under 18. In Alabama, 11% of children report a diagnosis of asthma compared to the United States with 9.5%. Childhood asthma is the leading cause of school absenteeism due to a chronic disease, and Alabama children with asthma miss approximately 10 days of school each year for uncontrolled asthma. Managing children in the school system with asthma can often be challenging for school nurses. In this cross-sectional study, perceptions of Alabama school nurses on managing asthma in the school were explored. School nurses feel prepared to manage asthma but identify lack of certain resources and supportive policies, especially access to medications as barriers to optimum care. Implications for statewide advocacy at the policy level and broadening educational activities are supported by the survey results.

Doctor Retention or Migration: From Ireland to the World? Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Connell
Keyword(s):  
Return Migration ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Doctor Migration

The recent study of prospective doctor migration and retention suggests that more than half of junior doctors intend to migrate from Ireland. While intent is not necessarily outcome, such intentions match similar survey results in Ireland and elsewhere. The rationale for migration is described as a function of difficult workplace circumstances (notably long hours and mismanagement). Lifestyle factors may however also be important for both migration and significant levels of return migration. These are related to family formation, and to an established culture of migration, that has contributed to a considerable circularity of mobility and migration, primarily between Anglophone countries. International migration may also have unspecified regional variations and impacts. Migration has taken a similar form for half a century and longstanding policies to constrain its more damaging impacts have been conspicuously unsuccessful yet responses remain urgent.

scholarly journals A survey of pediatric hematologists/oncologists’ perspectives on single patient Expanded Access and Right to Try

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239920262110059
Author(s):  
Carolyn Riley Chapman ◽  
Hayley M Belli ◽  
Danielle Leach ◽  
Lesha D Shah ◽  
Alison Bateman-House
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expanded Access ◽  
Investigational Drugs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Physician Support

Introduction: Physicians in the United States play an essential role guiding patients through single patient pre-approval access (PAA) to investigational medical products via either the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Expanded Access (EA) or the federal Right To Try (RTT) pathways. In this study, we sought to better understand pediatric hematologist/oncologists’ attitudes about seeking PAA, on behalf of single patients, to investigational drugs outside of clinical trials. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and sent to pediatric hematologist/oncologists via St. Baldrick’s Foundation’s email distribution list. Results: Of 73 respondents (10.1% of those who received the survey), 56 met eligibility criteria and are included in the analysis. Over 80% ( n = 46) had prior experience with single patient PAA. Respondents were most concerned about the unknown risks and benefits of investigational drugs and financial implications of PAA for patients. One hundred percent and 91.1% of respondents indicated a willingness to support patients through EA and RTT pathways, respectively. When asked about their most recent experience with PAA, 40 out of 46 indicated that they used the FDA’s EA pathway to seek PAA and 4 out of 46 indicated that they used the RTT pathway. Of 44 respondents who had used the EA or RTT pathway, 43 indicated that the biotechnology or pharmaceutical company they solicited granted access to the requested product. Conclusion: Survey results support other findings suggesting a need for additional physician support and education about PAA and that physicians may have unequal access to information about investigational drugs and concerns about financial implications of PAA for their patients.

Sensitivity of Seismic Assessment of a Double-Deck, Reinforced Concrete Bridge

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime De la Colina ◽  
Marc O. Eberhard ◽  
Stanley W. Ryter ◽  
Sharon L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Selection Of

Engineers are assessing the seismic vulnerability of thousands of reinforced concrete bridges located throughout the United States. Many of the bridge evaluation procedures are new, and the engineering effort necessary to implement them varies. Consequently, the assessment methodology varies among the responsible agencies, and in some cases, from one bridge to the next. This paper documents the sensitivity of an evaluation of a double-deck, reinforced concrete bridge to the manner in which the assessment was conducted. Large differences arose from the selection of linear versus nonlinear models. The computed splice vulnerabilities and concrete contribution to shear capacity varied also. In contrast, the assessment results were relatively insensitive to the way in which the investigators estimated the flexural ductility capacities, the transverse reinforcement's contribution to shear resistance, and the joint vulnerability. Even if the variations among the evaluation procedures are reduced, the results of the evaluations will still be sensitive to the selection of the ground motion and foundation stiffness.

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