Local or regionally recurrent carcinoma of the breast: results of therapy in 121 patients.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Beck ◽  
N E Hart ◽  
D A Woodard ◽  
C E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Disease Free

Local or regional recurrence after primary surgical management for carcinoma of the breast was retrospectively evaluated by presenting stage and management in 121 patients. None had evidence of systemic disease. Management consisted of surgical removal only in 11 patients, removal followed by irradiation in 25, biopsy only followed by irradiation in 43, hormonal therapy after biopsy in 30, and chemotherapy after biopsy in 12. Mean and median follow-up for all patients was 46.9 and 31.5 months, respectively. Patients experiencing a recurrence within 24 months of primary surgical management experienced the worst overall and disease-free survival. The group of 42 patients with residual disease who received systemic therapy after biopsy had improved disease-free and overall survival at 5 years in comparison to the group of 43 patients who received local therapy after biopsy (p less than or equal to 0.05). Radiation therapy produced more frequent and durable control of local disease than did systemic therapy. Patients who had a complete response to applied therapy had significant improvement in overall survival.

Adjuvant systemic therapy in elderly patients with breast cancer: A Brazilian single center experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20711-e20711
Author(s):  
G. Ismael ◽  
A. L. Coradazzi ◽  
C. A. Beato ◽  
P. Milhomem ◽  
J. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Systemic Treatment ◽  
Disease Free

e20711 Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women in Brazil and in the western world. Despite the high incidence of breast cancer in elderly women, there is no solid information regarding the real impact of the adjuvant systemic therapy in this population, considering the underrepresentation of patients with 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. Moreover, elderly patients may face some difficulties to receive adequate adjuvant systemic treatment in the routine clinical practice. Methods: Two hundred fifty eight patients with 65 years of age or older at the time of diagnosis of operable breast cancer and treated in our Institution from February 2000 to December 2005 were retrospectively studied. Clinical and pathological data were recorded as well as the type of adjuvant systemic therapy: hormonal therapy (HT), chemotherapy (CT) or both. We evaluated the disease free survival and overall survival and compared the results between the group of patients treated with HT only and the group of patients treated with both HT and CT. Results: Ninety five (37.5%) patients were stage I, 150 (58.1%) were stage II and 6 (2.3%) were stage III, while 5 (1.9%) patients were diagnosed with DCIS. Ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (81%) and grade II were reported in the majority of patients (47.3%). Mostly of patients were hormonal sensible (74.4% were ER+ and 64% were PR+) and HER 2 negative (81.8%). One hundred seventy eight (69%) patients received any kind of adjuvant HT while 91 (35.3%) received any kind of adjuvant CT. There was no statistical difference between patients treated with HT when compared with the group of patients treat with HT and CT, regarding disease free survival and overall survival. However, a higher rate of high risk patients were observed in the group treated with both HT and CT. Conclusions: Despite the age, a considerable part of this elderly breast cancer patient's population has received adjuvant systemic treatment. Benefits from HT and/or CT may be considered in this group of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Evaluation of disease-free survival as an intermediate metric for overall survival in localized renal cell carcinoma: A trial-level meta-analysis.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4585-4585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Christine Harshman ◽  
Wanling Xie ◽  
Raphael Brandao Moreira ◽  
Dominick Bosse ◽  
Gustavo Ruiz Ares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Free

4585 Background: Adjuvant trials aim to integrate systemic therapy earlier to increase cure rates over surgery alone. Overall survival (OS) is a critical endpoint for these studies but requires long durations to events and significant patient resources. We explored the potential use of disease-free survival (DFS) as an intermediate readout for OS in the adjuvant setting for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria required randomized controlled trials (RCT) for adjuvant systemic therapy in localized RCC, which reported on both DFS and OS. Data on hazard ratio (HR) and 5-year event-free rate from Kaplan-Meier estimates were extracted. We performed a trial level meta-analysis and correlated these estimates for OS and DFS, weighted by the number of DFS events. R-square > 0.7 would indicate a strong correlation and potential for surrogacy. Results: Thirteen RCTs encompassing 6,473 patients treated with various forms of systemic therapy were eligible for the analyses. Minimum follow-up was 40 months. There was a moderate correlation between 5-year DFS and 5-year OS rates (R-square = 0.49, 95% CI:0.15-0.68) and between treatment effects as measured by DFS and OS hazard ratios (R-square = 0.44, 95% CI:0.00-0.69). Conclusions: Across trials of adjuvant systemic therapy for localized RCC, we observed a moderate correlation between 5-year DFS and OS rates and between treatment effects (HRs) on these endpoints. Further granularity may be achieved using individual patient data to assess different and earlier time points for surrogacy than are commonly reported. [Table: see text]

Long-Term Results of Combined-Modality Therapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer With Ipsilateral Supraclavicular Metastases: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogelio A. Brito ◽  
Vicente Valero ◽  
Aman U. Buzdar ◽  
Daniel J. Booser ◽  
Frederick Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Combined Modality Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Combined Modality ◽  
Disease Free

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes in local-regional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who present with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases and who are treated with combined-modality therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with regional stage IV LABC, which is defined by our institution as LABC with ipsilateral supraclavicular adenopathy without evidence of distant disease, received treatment on three prospective trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil, or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Patients then received local therapy that consisted of either total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or segmental mastectomy and ALND before or after irradiation. Patients with no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. After completion of local therapy, chemotherapy was continued for four to 15 cycles, followed by radiotherapy. Patients older than 50 years who had estrogen receptor–positive tumors received tamoxifen for 5 years.RESULTS: Median follow-up was 11.6 years (range, 4.8 to 22.6 years). Disease-free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 34% and 32%, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 1.9 years. Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 41% and 31%, respectively. The median overall survival was 3.5 years. The overall response rate (partial and complete responses) to induction chemotherapy was 89%. No treatment-related deaths occurred.CONCLUSION: Patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases but no other evidence of distant metastases warrant therapy administered with curative intent, ie, combined-modality therapy consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases should be included in the stage IIIB category of the tumor-node-metastasis classification because their clinical course and prognosis are similar to those of patients with stage IIIB LABC.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and residual disease (non-pCR): Does size matter?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Peter Kern ◽  
Mahyar Badiian ◽  
Gunter Minckwitz ◽  
Rainer Kimmig ◽  
Cornelia Liedtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clin Oncol ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Primary Systemic Therapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Size Matter ◽  
Disease Free

106 Background: TNBC is associated with distinctly worse survival rates than non-TNBC unless a pCR is achieved (Liedtke C et al. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:1275-1281) or almost achieved (Symmans WF. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4414-4422). Recent pooled analyses pointed out that pCR defined as "no invasive and no in situ residuals in breast and lymph nodes" can best discriminate between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes (Minckwitz von G. J Clin Oncol. 16 April 2012). However, no differentiation has been made with regard to the prognosis within the category of "gross disease" (non-pCR, > 5 mm) after primary systemic therapy (PST). Methods: In this retrospective case series study, we analyzed 506 non-pCR patients out of a cohort of 16,196 patients with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy from breast units of the West German Breast Center (WBC) at 24 months after surgery. Results: Overall survival (OS) differed significantly between the non-pCR groups ypT1 a (88%) and ypT1b,c (both 77%) likewise the disease-free survival (DFS) was 79% versus 63% (p< 0.05) at 24 months after surgery. Beyond ypT1-stage, we found that ypT1+2 and ypT3+4 set up two significantly distinct groups in OS and DFS, with OS rates of 79% for ypT1+2 and 60% respectively 68% for ypT3 and ypT4. DFS rates were alike differing with 68 % and 62 % for ypT 1 and ypT2 from both ypT3 and ypT4 (20% and 28%). Distant disease free survival (DDFS) was markedly superior in ypT1a (93%) and ypT1b (88%) versus ypT1c (77%). Stage-dependent DDFS was 82% for ypT1 respectively 81% for ypT2 and thus significantly different from stages ypT3 and ypT4 (43% and 52%) (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Risk stratification currently is made dichotomously: pCR and non-pCR. However it does not differentiate within the group of non-pCR. This case cohort trial investigates the prognosis of non-pCR according to the actual size of the residual disease. Overall survival at 24 months after surgery has to be differentiated between the groups ypT1a and ypTb,c and moreover between ypT1+2 and ypT3+4. This is to our knowledge the largest case cohort study analyzing the effect of gross residual disease on prognosis of patients with TNBC demonstrating: size does matter.

Long-term survival in a randomized study of nonplatinum therapy versus platinum in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 986-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Nicoletto ◽  
S. Tumolo ◽  
R. Sorio ◽  
G. Cima ◽  
L. Endrizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Disease Free

The purpose of this study was to compare long-term survival in first-line chemotherapy with and without platinum in advanced-stage ovarian cancer. From July 1987 to November 1992, 161 untreated patients with FIGO stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer were randomized: 81 patients received no platinum and 80 received platinum combination. Residual disease after surgery was <2 cm in 61 patients without platinum, 59 with platinum. Median age was 58 years in nonplatinum arm and 55 years in platinum arm (range: 15–73). Complete and partial responses were 51% and 10% for nonplatinum arm and 51% and 8% for platinum arm, respectively (P= 0.7960). Stable disease was observed in 18% of patients in nonplatinum arm and 15% of patients in platinum arm and progression in 20% of nonplatinum- and 21% of platinum-treated cases. Ten-year disease-free survival was 37% for therapy without platinum and 31% for platinum combination (P= 0.5679); 10-year overall survival was 23% without platinum and 31% with platinum combination (P= 0.2545). Fifteen-year overall survival showed a trend of short duration in favor of platinum (P= 0.0678). Relapses occurred after 60 months in ten patients (seven with and three without platinum). The overall and disease-free survivals at 5, 10, and 15 years show no statistically significant long-term advantage from the addition of cisplatin; however, there is a slight trend in its favor.

Role of optimal cytoreduction in patients with dysgerminoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410
Author(s):  
Antonio Bandala-Jacques ◽  
Fabiola Estrada-Rivera ◽  
David Cantu ◽  
Diddier Prada ◽  
Gonzalo Montalvo-Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Optimal Cytoreduction ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Disease Free

BackgroundDysgerminomas are malignant ovarian germ-cell tumors that typically affect young women. Although these tumors have an excellent response to chemotherapy, surgery is an integral part of primary treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of initial cytoreduction in patients diagnosed with dysgerminomas.MethodsPatients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian dysgerminoma between January 1985 and December 2013 were identified and included in the study. A comparison was made between patients who underwent optimal versus sub-optimal cytoreduction. Descriptive, comparative statistics and odds ratios were used to establish an association. Survival curves were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. A value of p<0.05 was used to establish a statistical difference.ResultsA total of 180 patients with a histologically confirmed dysgerminoma were included in the analysis. A subsection of 37 patients in stages III/IV were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 21 years (IQR 18–26). Histologically, 166 (92.2%) patients had pure dysgerminomas, whereas the rest had mixed histologies. The median tumor size was 18 (IQR 12–22) cm. In all stages, factors associated with optimal cytoreduction, were higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (OR=1.01; p=0.03), higher CA125 levels (OR=1.01; p=0.04), receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (OR=0.22; p<0.01), or undergoing treatment in a specialized institution (OR=12.68; p<0.01). Patients in stages III/IV, initially managed outside our institution were less likely to be taken for cytoreduction (OR=16.88; p=0.013). Other factors, including age (OR=1.02; p=0.39), pelvic lymph-node positivity (OR=2.24; p=0.36), pregnancy during follow-up (OR=0.91: p=0.80), or recurrence of disease (OR=1.93; p=0.23) were found to be similar in both groups. Overall survival was higher in optimally cytoreducted patients (100% vs 95.7%; p=0.032) including all stages, but not if considering only stages III/IV (100% vs 90%, p=0.186); disease-free survival was the same for both groups regardless of stage (94.3% vs 91.1%; p=0.36).ConclusionPatients with optimal surgeries were most likely to be treated in referral centers. Initial residual disease did not significantly alter recurrence, progression, disease-free survival, or overall survival.

scholarly journals Systemic Therapy Outcomes in Adult Patients with Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Valdes ◽  
Garth Nicholas ◽  
Shailendra Verma ◽  
Timothy Asmis
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Objective Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

Background: The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) is a rare but curable bone neoplastic entity. The current standard of care involves chemotherapy and local disease control with surgery or radiation regardless of the extent of disease at presentation. Data that document the effectiveness of the current approach in the adult patient population are limited. Methods: We performed a retrospective review including all ESFT patients older than 19 years of age who received systemic therapy between January 2002 and December 2013 at our institution. The main study outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were objective response rate, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival. Results: Eighteen patients with ESFT were identified. The median overall survival for the entire group was 20.65 months (range 0.43–114.54). In patients with localized disease, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 90, 80, and 70%, respectively. Age was not correlated with overall survival (r = 0.58, p = 0.76). The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 70%. In patients with metastatic disease, the 1-year survival rate was 40%. In patients treated in the neoadjuvant and palliative setting with chemotherapy, we observed an objective response rate of 61.54%. The time to progression in patients with metastatic disease treated with chemotherapy ranged from 0.69 to 4.93 months. Conclusion: In this group of adult patients with ESFT treated with multimodality therapy, the outcomes were similar to those reported in well-known larger clinical trials that typically included younger patients. Age was not associated with worse survival.

scholarly journals Epithelial Borderline Ovarian Tumor: Clinicopathological Features, Outcome and Prognostic Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Amornrat Temtanakitpaisan ◽  
Pilaiwan Kleebkaow ◽  
Apiwat Aue-aungkul
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Borderline Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Disease Free

Objective: To evaluate clinic-pathological characteristics, treatment outcomes, factors affecting survival in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs).Methods and Objective: Medical records of patients with BOTs who had been treated at Srinagarind Hospital from 2001 to 2016 were reviewed. Abstracted data included baseline characteristics, clinic-pathologic features, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Fifty-two patients with BOTs were included in the study.The mean age+ SD was 41.15+ 15.34 years. Most patients were premenopausal and the most common presenting symptom was adnexal mass. Most patients were in the early stage (90.4%). Thirty-two patients underwent radical surgery (61.5%). Twenty-one patients (40.3%) underwent lymphadenectomy. An appendectomy was performed in 19 (36.5 %) cases. The median follow-up period was 67.5 months (range, 7 to 180 months). The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates for all stages were 90% and 85%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates for all stages was 87% and 87%, respectively. Seven (13.5 %) patients had the recurrence. Absent residual disease (HR = 0.33; 95 %CI 0.11 – 0.96) and receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.22; 95 %CI 0.08 – 0.65) were associated factors for DFS. Conclusion: The majority of patients with BOTs presented at the young age and early stage. Residual lesion and adjuvant chemotherapy are significant factors predicting DFS.

Long term survival following cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for disseminated appendiceal tumors

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4128-4128
Author(s):  
Y. Baraki ◽  
P. N. Kostuik ◽  
B. Merriman ◽  
C. Nieroda ◽  
A. Sardi
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy ◽  
Hyperthermic Chemotherapy ◽  
Disease Free

4128 Background: Appendiceal tumors represent 2.8% of gastrointestinal tumors and less than 0.5% of gastrointestinal malignancies, but frequently involve intraperitoneal spread. Controversial treatment of disseminated tumor has consisted of extensive debulking surgery, peritonectomy, and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We evaluated the disease free and overall survival, morbidity and mortality of patients with disseminated appendiceal tumors treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC). Methods: A retrospective review of a prospective database was performed between 1999 and 2005. Thirty-one patients underwent CRS followed by IPHC using mitomycin 40 mg infused over 90 minutes at 40–42°C. Patients were given a Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) score pre and post operatively. Postoperatively, patients were assigned cytoreductive scores, indicating completeness of resection: CC-0 = no residual disease, CC-1 ≤ 0.25 cm, CC-2 = 0.25–2.5 cm, CC-3 ≥ 2.5 cm. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to test the influence of different variables on survival. The models were adjusted for age, grade of differentiation, histology and cytoreductive score. Results: There were 14 females and 17 males with a mean age 50 years (range 33–80). Two-thirds of all patients had a preoperative PCI score of >20. The overall survival at 1 year was 96% (95% CI, 74% to 99%) and at 3 years was 69% (95% CI, 38% to 86%). Disease free survival at 3 years was 30% ( 95% CI, 8% to 56%). There was no mortality from the procedure. Overall morbidity, including Grades 1–5 as described by the CTCAE guidelines, was 48%. A multivariate analysis was performed for grade of differentiation and was not found to be statistically significant. However, log rank test for equality of survivor functions in patients with CC scores of 0 or 1 experience recurrence of disease at a slower rate than patients with scores of 2 or 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although further study is necessary, Cytoreductive surgery followed by IPHC, where a low PCI score and a CC score of ≤1 is achieved, can lead to increased survival for selected patients having advanced appendiceal cancer with peritoneal dissemination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Minimal Residual Disease before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts a High Incidence of Early Relapse in Adult Patients with NPM1 Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Lussana ◽  
Chiara Caprioli ◽  
Paola Stefanoni ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Orietta Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Leukemia Relapse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

We analyzed the impact of alloHSCT in a single center cohort of 89 newly diagnosed NPM1mut AML patients, consecutively treated according to the Northern Italy Leukemia Group protocol 02/06 [NCT00495287]. After two consolidation cycles, the detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) by RQ-PCR was strongly associated with an inferior three-year overall survival (OS, 45% versus 84%, p = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, 44% versus 76%, p = 0.006). In MRD-negative patients, post-remissional consolidation with alloHSCT did not provide a significant additional benefit over a conventional chemotherapy in terms of overall survival [OS, 89% (95% CI 71–100%) versus 81% (95% CI 64–100%), p = 0.59] and disease-free survival [DFS, 80% (95% CI 59–100%) versus 75% (95% CI 56–99%), p = 0.87]. On the contrary, in patients with persistent MRD positivity, the three-year OS and DFS were improved in patients receiving an alloHSCT compared to those allocated to conventional chemotherapy (OS, 52% versus 31%, p = 0.45 and DFS, 50% versus 17%, p = 0.31, respectively). However, in this group of patients, the benefit of alloHSCT was still hampered by a high incidence of leukemia relapse during the first year after transplantation (43%, 95% CI 25–60%). Consolidative alloHSCT improves outcomes compared to standard chemotherapy in patients with persistent NPM1mut MRD positivity, but in these high-risk patients, the significant incidence of leukemia relapse must be tackled by post-transplant preemptive treatments.

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