Prognostic value of circulating cytokines in colorectal cancer: A prospective study in sixty colorectal cancer patients in Tunisia.

e15130 Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths annually, and incidence rates are increasing in most of the developing countries. Pathophysiology implicates pro-inflammatory conditions that promote the tumor malignant progression, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study is to measure the level of circulating cytokines (IL1b, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL22, IL23 and TNFα) in sixty colorectal cancer patients in Tunisia and to evaluate their implication as prognostic factors. Methods: Serum samples were collected prospectively from a cohort of sixty colorectal cancer patients in Tunisia. Levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL1b, IL6 and IL8 were measured using the technique of a solid-phase, two-site chemo-luminescent enzyme immune-metric assay (Immulite 1000, Simens, USA). Serum levels of IL10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) sandwich method. Results: The mean age of patients is 58 years (24–82 years), Thirty-sex among them were m and 24 women with sex ratio of 1.5. Twenty-five patients were at metastatic setting, and hepatic metastasis was found in 25% of cases. The mean level of cytokines Il6, IL10, TNFα, IL8 and IL1b were respectively 12.26 +/- 18.7 pg/ ml (min 2, max 117pg/ ml), 0.93 +/- 5.23 pg/ ml (min 0, max 39.35 pg/ml), 8.31 +/- 4.99 pg/ ml (min 4, max 27.20 pg/ ml), 61.9 +/- 159.71 pg/ml (min 5, max 1173 pg/ ml) and 1.13 +/- 3.34 pg/ ml (min 5, max 15.7pg/ml. We found a significant correlation between a high level of IL8 and metastatic disease (p=0.001), especially in mutant RAS cases (p=0.001). We found also a significant correlation between high level of IL1b and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.013) and young patients (p=0.01). On the other hand, there was significant correlation between IL8 and IL6 (r = 0.560, p = 0.00001); IL8 and TNFα (r = 0.404, p = 0.001); and IL10 with IL1b (r = 0.297, p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our results highlight the role of circulating IL8, TNFα, IL1b and IL10 as potential prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients. These cytokines could contribute to tumor growth and progression, namely for IL-8 level that was significantly correlated with poor prognosis and advanced stages. This correlation needs to be evaluated in large prospective trials and suggests a rational for the development and use of cytokine blockade in treatment of colorectal cancer patients.

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Prognostic value of circulating cytokines in breast cancer: A prospective study in sixty breast cancer patients in Tunisia.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e12592-e12592

Author(s):

Jihene Braham Ayari ◽

Shourouk Haj Ammar ◽

Mehdi Balti ◽

Mouna Ben Azaiz ◽

Aref Zribi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Recurrent Disease ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Young Patients ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

High Level ◽

Circulating Cytokines

e12592 Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The functional relationship between inflammation and cancer is an old concept of cancero- genesis, and it is now clear that inflammatory process certainly potentiates and/or promotes neoplastic risk. However, many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this relationship remain unresolved. The aim of this study is to measure the level of circulating cytokines (IL17, IL6, IL22, IL23 and TNFα) in breast cancer patients in Tunisia, and to evaluate their implication as prognostic factors. Methods: Serum samples were collected prospectively from sixty breast cancer patients in Tunisia. TNF-α and IL6 levels were determined using the technique of a solid-phase, two-site chemo-luminescent enzyme immune-metric assay (Immulite 1000, USA). Serum levels of IL17, IL22 and IL23 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) sandwich method. Results: The mean age of patients is 48 years, and fourth of them were metastatic. The mean level of cytokines IL6, IL17, TNFα, IL22 and IL23 were respectively 4.80 ± 7.26 pg/ ml (min 2, max 36.80 pg/ ml), 0.27 ± 0.69 pg/ ml (min 0, max 3.62 pg/ ml), 5.93 ± 2.27 pg/ ml (min 4, max 15.30 pg/ml), 50.82 ± 34.78 p/ml (min 26.48, max 199.48 pg/ ml) and 18.05 ± 30.91 pg/ ml (min 0, max 200.21 pg/ml). Serum IL6 level was significantly higher in advanced stages (p = 0.013), especially in metastatic cases (p = 0.001) and in patients who had recurrent disease (p = 0.010). High level of TNFα was also significantly associated with advanced stage (stage III and IV) (p = 0.019), and high level of IL22 was significantly associated with a high histopathological grade (Grade III of Bloom-Richardson grade (SBR)) (p = 0.028). IL23 was found to be significantly increased in lymph node metastatic cases (p = 0.042) and in young patients < 35 years (p = 0.034). Finally, the level of IL17 was significantly higher in patients who had recurrent disease (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Our results highlight the role of certain circulating cytokines as potential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer patients. The serum analysis of these cytokines, which could contribute to tumor growth and progression, may help to identify groups of patients with poor prognosis and who may need more aggressive treatment. This correlation needs to be evaluated in large prospective validating trials and suggests a rational for the development and use of cytokine blockade in treatment of some groups of breast cancer patients.

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Circulating cytokines and outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology ◽

10.4251/wjgo.v12.i3.301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 301-310

Author(s):

Vincenzo Ricci ◽

Cristina Granetto ◽

Antonella Falletta ◽

Matteo Paccagnella ◽

Andrea Abbona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽

Circulating Cytokines

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Evaluation of serum CXCL5 as a serum marker for prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.442 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 442-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Kawamura ◽

Y. Toiyama ◽

K. Tanaka ◽

H. Yasuda ◽

H. Fujikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Liver Metastasis ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

442 Background: CXCL5 is known as CXC chemokine which promotes angiogenesis related to cancer. However, the function of serum level of CXCL5 (sCXCL5) has not been fully studied in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between preoperative sCXCL5 and clinicopathological features and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Methods: This was a single-institution, retrospective study. Preoperative serum samples of 250 colorectal cancer patients (between 1998 and 2007, median age: 65.3 years, male 159/female 91) were available for the study, and 33 normal serum was examined and used as a control. sCXCL5 level was assayed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and analyzed statistically. Results: Mean level of sCXCL5 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in control group (p=0.013). Patients with liver metastases had significantly higher sCXCL5 level than those without metastases (p=0.0086), and in logistic analysis, sCXCL5 was an independent marker for predicting liver metastasis (p=0.040). Overall survival of patients with elevated sCXCL5 level was significantly worse than those with lower sCXCL5 (p=0.0006). Conclusions: Preoperative sCXCL5 level was increased in colorectal cancer patients compared to in healthy volunteer and elevated sCXCL5 was correlated with liver metastasis and poor prognosis for overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. Elevated sCXCL5 has been proposed as a useful predictive marker for liver metastasis and overall survival in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Plasma protein-bound sialic acid in patients with colorectal polyps of known histology

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/37.2.200 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 200-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahram Shahangian ◽

Herbert A Fritsche ◽

John I Hughes ◽

Richard S Foemmel ◽

Nonda Katopodis

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Mean Value ◽

Colorectal Polyps ◽

Hyperplastic Polyps ◽

The Mean ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽

Colorectal Adenocarcinomas

Abstract Protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA) was measured in serial plasma specimens from 62 healthy subjects, 48 patients with colorectal polyps, and 30 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas. The mean plasma PBSA concentration in healthy smokers was significantly greater than that in healthy nonsmokers and healthy ex-smokers (P less than 0.0001). Villoglandular polyps were associated with higher plasma PBSA values than were the most benign hyperplastic polyps (P less than 0.025). Patients with the most neoplastic villoglandular and villous polyps had significantly greater (P less than 0.010-0.050) plasma PBSA values than healthy subjects. Polypectomy decreased the mean PBSA value significantly to the mean value for healthy subjects only for patients with villoglandular (P less than 0.010) or villous (P less than 0.050) polyps. Colorectal cancer patients had mean plasma PBSA concentrations significantly greater than those for the healthy subjects (P much less than 0.001) and the polyp patients (P much less than 0.001). Surgery significantly reduced (P less than 0.025) the mean PBSA value for the cancer patients to the mean PBSA value observed for the healthy subjects.

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Gene Expression Signature in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients Select Drugs and Response for the Use of Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Irinotecan

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.07.4187 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 773-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Maguy Del Rio ◽

Franck Molina ◽

Caroline Bascoul-Mollevi ◽

Virginie Copois ◽

Frédéric Bibeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽

Support Vector ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Chemotherapy Response ◽

First Line ◽

Metastatic Setting ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

Purpose In patients with advanced colorectal cancer, leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) is considered as one of the reference first-line treatments. However, only about half of treated patients respond to this regimen, and there is no clinically useful marker that predicts response. A major clinical challenge is to identify the subset of patients who could benefit from this chemotherapy. We aimed to identify a gene expression profile in primary colon cancer tissue that could predict chemotherapy response. Patients and Methods Tumor colon samples from 21 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed for gene expression profiling using Human Genome GeneChip arrays U133. At the end of the first-line treatment, the best observed response, according to WHO criteria, was used to define the responders and nonresponders. Discriminatory genes were first selected by the significance analysis of microarrays algorithm and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A predictor classifier was then constructed using support vector machines. Finally, leave-one-out cross validation was used to estimate the performance and the accuracy of the output class prediction rule. Results We determined a set of 14 predictor genes of response to FOLFIRI. Nine of nine responders (100% specificity) and 11 of 12 nonresponders (92% sensitivity) were classified correctly, for an overall accuracy of 95%. Conclusion After validation in an independent cohort of patients, our gene signature could be used as a decision tool to assist oncologists in selecting colorectal cancer patients who could benefit from FOLFIRI chemotherapy, both in the adjuvant and the first-line metastatic setting.

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piRNA-823 Is a Unique Potential Diagnostic Non-Invasive Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Norhan A. Sabbah ◽

Wael M. Abdalla ◽

Walid A. Mawla ◽

Nagla AbdAlMonem ◽

Amal F. Gharib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Serum Levels ◽

P Element ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most important factor in deciding its prognosis, so the need to develop an accurate screening test is a must. P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) RNA-823 (piR-823) is one of the first piRNAs recognized to be linked to malignancy. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of piR-823 in both serum and tissues of colorectal cancer patients and the ability to use its serum level as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker to detect colorectal cancer. We determined piR-823 expression levels in 84 serum samples of CRC patients, 75 serum samples of healthy controls, and biological specimens obtained from the 84 patients with colorectal cancer from both the tumor tissues and the normal neighboring tissues using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. We showed that piR-823 had significantly higher serum and tissue expression levels in CRC patients compared to the controls. We observed a significant positive correlation between piR-823 serum levels and the staging of CRC, with significantly higher levels exhibiting advanced stages of CRC (III and IV). This translates into poorer differentiation and lymph node metastasis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) test showed 83.3% sensitivity and 89.3% specificity at a cut-off value of >5.98-fold change, with an area under the curve of 0.933 (p < 0.0001) concerning the ability of piR-823 in diagnosing patients with colorectal carcinoma. piR-823 expression is upregulated in colorectal cancer patients’ serum and tissues, and it can be used as a diagnostic noninvasive biomarker for CRC.

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High level of unmet needs and anxiety are associated with delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients

Supportive Care in Cancer ◽

10.1007/s00520-020-05333-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 5299-5306

Author(s):

Li Zhu ◽

Yi Xin Tong ◽

Xiang Shang Xu ◽

Ai Tang Xiao ◽

Yu Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Unmet Needs ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Care Needs ◽

Delayed Initiation ◽

High Level ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

Abstract Aims Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of unmet supportive care needs and anxiety on the initiation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Methods This is a retrospective study from a single tertiary referral hospital. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were included. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and modified 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) were applied to assess patient’s anxiety level and unmet needs. The time intervals between initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and operation were recorded. Factors associated with delayed initiation of chemotherapy were investigated in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 135 patients with colorectal cancer were included. In total, 16.3% (22/135) and 5.2% (7/135) reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. In multivariate analysis, low to moderate income status, postoperative complications, anxiety, and high level of unmet needs are independent risk factors for late initiation of chemotherapy. Conclusions Our findings showed that psychological problems such as anxiety and high unmet supportive needs are correlated with delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.

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ATPase Activity of the Subcellular Fractions of Colorectal Cancer Samples under the Action of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9121805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1805

Author(s):

Ivan Kushkevych ◽

Mykola Bychkov ◽

Solomiia Bychkova ◽

Márió Gajdács ◽

Romana Merza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Nicotinic Acid ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Late Endosomes ◽

The Mean ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽

Control Samples

In tumor cells with defects in apoptosis, autophagy allows prolonged survival. Autophagy leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria by autophagosomes. An acidic environment is maintained in compartments of cells, such as autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes; these organelles belong to the “acid store” of the cells. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may affect the release of Ca2+ from these organelles and affect the activity of Ca2+ ATPases and other ion transport proteins. Recently, a growing amount of evidence has shown that the variations in the expression of calcium channels or pumps are associated with the occurrence, disease-presentation, and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that activity of ATPases in cancer tissue is higher because of intensive energy metabolism of tumor cells. The aim of our study was to ascertain the effect of NAADP on ATPase activity on tissue samples of colorectal cancer patients’ and healthy individuals. We tested the effect of NAADP on the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase; Ca2+ ATPase of endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) and plasma membrane (PM) and basal ATPase activity. Patients’ colon mucus cancer samples were obtained during endoscopy from cancer and healthy areas (control) of colorectal mucosa of the same patients. Results. The mean activity of Na+/K+ pump in samples of colorectal cancer patients (n = 5) was 4.66 ± 1.20 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour, while in control samples from healthy tissues of the same patient (n = 5) this value was 3.88 ± 2.03 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour. The activity of Ca2+ ATPase PM in control samples was 6.42 ± 0.63 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour and in cancer −8.50 ± 1.40 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour (n = 5 pts). The mean activity of Ca2+ ATPase of EPR in control samples was 7.59 ± 1.21 μmol Pi/mg versus 7.76 ± 0.24 μmol Pi/mg in cancer (n = 5 pts). Basal ATPase activity was 3.19 ± 0.87 in control samples versus 4.79 ± 1.86 μmol Pi/mg in cancer (n = 5 pts). In cancer samples, NAADP reduced the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase by 9-times (p < 0.01) and the activity of Ca2+ ATPase EPR about 2-times (p < 0.05). NAADP caused a tendency to decrease the activity of Ca2+ ATPase of PM, but increased basal ATPase activity by 2-fold vs. the mean of this index in cancer samples without the addition of NAADP. In control samples NAADP caused only a tendency to decrease the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase EPR, but statistically decreased the activity of Ca2+ ATPase of PM (p < 0.05). In addition, NAADP caused a strong increase in basal ATPase activity in control samples (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We found that the activity of Na+/K+ pump, Ca2+ ATPase of PM and basal ATPase activity in cancer tissues had a strong tendency to be higher than in the controls. NAADP caused a decrease in the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase EPR in cancer samples and increased basal ATPase activity. In control samples, NAADP decreased Ca2+ ATPase of PM and increased basal ATPase activity. These data confirmed different roles of NAADP-sensitive “acidic store” (autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes) in control and cancer tissue, which hypothetically may be connected with autophagy role in cancer development. The effect of NAADP on decreasing the activity of Na+/K+ pump in cancer samples was the most pronounced, both numerically and statistically. Our data shows promising possibilities for the modulation of ion-transport through the membrane of cancer cells by influence on the “acidic store” (autophagosomes, late endosomes and lysosomes) as a new approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer.

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Serum antibodies specific for tumor antigens in colorectal cancer may be useful diagnostic biomarkers

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 10041-10041

Author(s):

H. Lu ◽

V. Goodell ◽

M. L. Disis

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Antigens ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

T Cell Infiltration ◽

Single Marker ◽

Area Under Roc Curve ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

10041 Background: Colorectal cancer is immunogenic as evidenced by the presence of antibodies specific to tumor antigens in patient serum and T cell infiltration at the tumor site predicting favorable disease outcome. We questioned whether antibody immunity to tumor associated antigens (TAA) in patients with colorectal cancer could be used as a biomarker to predict disease. Methods: We evaluated serum samples for the presence of antibody immunity to six tumor antigens, cyclin D1, HER-2/neu, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), NY-ESO-1, p53, and topoisomerase-IIα (TOPO2α), in colorectal cancer patients (n=40) and normal donors (n=200) using ELISA. We then evaluated the diagnostic value of these potential biomarkers by measuring antibody levels to these TAA in an independent sample set which included 30 colorectal cancer patients and 135 normal donors. The samples were judged as positive or negative for colorectal cancer using measurements derived either from a single marker or a combination of the markers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were generated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of each test. Results: Colorectal cancer patients had increased levels of antibodies to p53 (p=0.002), TOPO2α (p<0.001), and IGFBP2 (p<0.001) compared to controls. By using a combination of just two antibody measurements, TOPO2α and IGFBP2, we could discriminate colorectal cancer patients from controls with a diagnostic power of 0.775 as estimated by the area under ROC curve. At a cutoff point of 0.03 mcg/ml TAA specific IgG, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 58%. Conclusions: Serum antibodies to colorectal cancer related antigens may serve as useful biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Stereotactic body radiotherapy response and local control rates for hepatic oligometastases.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3546 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 3546-3546

Author(s):

Ben Goodman ◽

Cynthia S Johnson ◽

Netsanet Gebregziabher ◽

Mary A. Maluccio ◽

Paul R. Helft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Local Control ◽

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽

Local Control Rate ◽

Primary Cancer ◽

Stereotactic Body Radiation ◽

The Mean ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

3546 Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive, effective technique in the treatment of hepatic oligometastases from solid tumors. We present response and local control rates from our single institution experience. Methods: We treated 79 metastatic liver lesions from 64 different patients using stereotactic body radiation therapy. One colorectal cancer patient was treated three times and four patients were treated twice. Among the 79 metastatic liver lesions treated, 85% had prior chemotherapy. The primary cancer site included: Colorectal 66%, Non-colorectal GI 14%, Breast 6%, Ovarian 5%, NSCLC 3%, and other 6%. The mean GTV size was 37.3 (cc). The mean GTV diameter was 3.1 (cm). The median total dose was 54 (Gy) with the minimum and maximum total dose being 30 and 60 (Gy). Results: The overall local control rate was 94.2%, with estimates at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months being 96.1%, 87.9%, 87.9% and 87.9% following SBRT treatment. When comparing colorectal cancer patients vs all other primary cancer sites, the one year local control rate was 93.4% and 100%. The two and three year local control rates for colorectal cancer vs other primary cancer sites were 84.9% vs 90.9%. Best response was examined as a 4 level response (CR,PR,SD,PD) per the RECIST criteria. Overall, 67% of patients had a response, and less than 3% of patients had progression with SBRT treatment. For colorectal cancer patients, 79% had a response to treatment. Only 21% of colorectal cancer patients did not respond, however, the majority of these patients still had stable disease following treatment. Non-colorectal primary site cancers had a response in 50% of the lesions following SBRT treatment. The remaining 50% of non-colorectal primary cancers were stable following SBRT treatment and none progressed. The median dose for CR, PR, or SD was 54 Gy. The median dose for patients with progressive disease was less than 50 Gy. The observed CTC toxicities were limited with mostly grade 1-2 toxicity and only two grade 4 and one grade 5 toxicity. Conclusions: Stereotactic body radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for patients with hepatic oligometastases with a limited toxicity profile.

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