Global line-1 hypomethylation as novel biomarker for cervical cancer in Nigerian women living with HIV.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17513-e17513
Author(s):  
Yinan Zheng ◽  
Jonah Musa ◽  
Brian Thomas Joyce ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Demirkan Gursel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

e17513 Background: Nigeria faces a high health burden of cervical cancer (CC), which is worsened by high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Repetitive elements (RE) are DNA sequences that occur in multiple copies throughout the human genome. HIV infection can lead to RE hypomethylation that causes genome instability, an event often seen in the early phase of tumorigenesis. We aim to examine global RE hypomethylation as a novel epigenetic biomarker for CC among HIV-positive women in Nigeria. Methods: This study involved three groups of women: a) HIV-positive with CC (n=39); b) HIV-positive and cancer-free (n=52); and c) HIV-negative with CC (n=23). We estimated three types of global RE methylation in cervical tissue using genome-wide methylation data: long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1), Alu, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). We used multiple linear regression adjusting for age, education, parity, employment, cancer stage, body mass index, and sample batch to compare the biomarkers across the HIV/ICC groups and paired t-test to compare 26 pairs of tumor vs. surrounding normal tissues, stratified by HIV status. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC (AUC) were used to examine the diagnostic value. Results: Among HIV-positive women, all 3 global RE methylation biomarkers were hypomethylated in CC compared to cancer-free (LINE-1: mean difference [MD]=-0.049, p-value=2.9e-8; Alu: MD=-0.011, p-value=2.0e-4; HERV: MD=-0.013, p-value=1.7e-6). Paired analyses showed a larger, more significant MD in HIV-positive stratum than HIV-negative, especially LINE-1 (MD=-0.048 vs. -0.020, p-value=0.004 vs. 0.254). LINE-1 achieved the highest AUC (0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95) in distinguishing tumor tissue from normal tissue among HIV-positive women, followed by HERV (0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92) and Alu (0.60, 95% CI: 0.47-0.72). Conclusions: Global LINE-1 hypomethylation may serve as a novel biomarker for CC screening and early detection for women living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

The Complexity of Work for Women who are HIV Positive: A Case Study in DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Andi Nur Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Living With Hiv

<p>The phenomenon of HIV-AIDS transmission places women in a difficult situation. The loss of family members such as husbands due to AIDS leaves women living with HIV positive in a struggle to access sources of livelihood. The condition of themselves as PLWHA, concerns about being stigmatized, caring for family members, and earning a living are the burdens of life they have to face. In this regard, this paper explores the complexity of the work of HIV-positive women. This study uses a qualitative method with a feminist perspective to get a complete picture of the livelihood of HIV-positive women. Based on interviews with five HIV-positive women, the findings found a link between social, identity, and gender categories that affect their livelihoods. HIV-positive women also transform themselves into their “normal” self by pretending to be healthy, able to work, have quality, and be independent. This is done as a form of resistance to the stigma attached to PLWHA.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Predictive and spatial analysis for estimating the impact of sociodemographic factors on contraceptive use among women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in Kenya: Implications for policies and practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e022221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menkeoma Laura Okoli ◽  
Samuel Alao ◽  
Somtochukwu Ojukwu ◽  
Nnadozie C Emechebe ◽  
Asuelimen Ikhuoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BackgroundDespite the availability and knowledge of various contraceptive methods, consistent utilisation in women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) within the reproductive age group remains below the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Family Planning 2020 goals. This study examines the association between sociodemographic factors and contraceptive use including the effect of clustering tendencies of these factors on contraceptive usage among WLWHA in Kenya.MethodsWeighted multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to determine the association of sociodemographic factors on contraception use among WLWHA using the 2008–2009 Kenya Demographic Health Survey. Spatial autocorrelation techniques were used to explore clustering tendencies of these factors on contraception utilisation. Our study population included 304 HIV positive women, aged 15–49 years.ResultsAmong 304 HIV-positive women in our study population, 92 (30.3%) reported using one method of contraception. Contraceptive use was significantly associated with wealth and education after adjustment for other sociodemographic variables. Women classified as having low and middle wealth index were less likely to use contraceptives (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.43; OR=0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.98, respectively) compared with women classified as having high wealth index. Similarly, women with primary education only were less likely to use contraceptives compared with women with secondary or higher education (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98). Spatial autocorrelation revealed significant positive clusters with weak clustering tendencies of non-contraceptive use among different levels of wealth index and education within different regions of Kenya.ConclusionThese findings underscores the need for intervention programmes to further target socially disadvantaged WLWHA, which is necessary for achieving the SDGs.

scholarly journals Risk, Persistence and Multiplicity of HPV Infections among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Nigerian Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38s-39s
Author(s):  
Sally N. Adebamowo ◽  
Toyosi Olawande ◽  
Ayotunde Famooto ◽  
Eileen O. Dareng ◽  
Olayinka Olaniyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Dna Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract 64 Background: The incidence, prevalence, persistence, and multiplicity of high-risk HPV infection is different between HIV positive and HIV negative women. We examined the association between HIV, prevalent HPV, and persistent HPV infections among women in a prospective cohort in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled women presenting at cervical cancer screening programs in Abuja, Nigeria, between 2012 and 2014 and collected information on their demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection, and cervical exfoliated cells samples at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits. DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test were used to characterize HPV. Persistent HPV infection was defined as a positive result on 2 consecutive DEIA tests. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and risk of HPV infection. Results: Among the 1,020 women enrolled, the mean age (±SD) was 37(8), and 44% and 56% were HIV+ and HIV-, respectively. HPV52 and 35 were the most common HPV types in the study population. The prevalence was 34% for any HPV, 24% for persistent HPV and 9% for multiple HPV infections; these were higher among HIV+ women (p-value <0.001). The multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI comparing HIV+ to HIV- women was 6.29 (95% CI 3.64 – 10.87, p-value <0.001) for any high-risk HPV; 6.22 (95% CI 3.02 – 12.83, p-value <0.001) for persistent high-risk HPV; and 6.46 (95% CI 2.69 – 15.52, p-value <0.001) for multiple high-risk HPV infections, Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of persistence and multiplicity of low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. These findings may explain, in part, the increased risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV infections. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Toyosi Olawande No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen O. Dareng No relationship to disclose Olayinka Olaniyan No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus type-specific risk of cervical cancer in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.

scholarly journals A prospective study of demographic features and quality of life in HIV-positive women with cervical cancer treated at Tygerberg Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Du Toit ◽  
Martin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) both have a high incidence in South Africa. Cervical cancer treatment of HIV-positive women poses challenges. Treatment-related changes in quality of life (QOL) of such women are important to future treatment protocols.Aim: To examine demographic data of HIV-negative and HIV-positive women at diagnosis of cervical cancer and describe their changes in QOL as a result of treatment.Methods and materials: All newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer at Tygerberg Hospital were approached to participate in the study. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Cervix Cancer Module (QLQ-CX24) were used. General QOL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and cervical-specific QOL with the QLQ-CX24 questionnaire. The patients completed the questionnaire at diagnosis, on completion of treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up.Results: The study included a total of 221 women of whom 22% were HIV-positive; the latter were younger and of higher educational level than the rest. Mean monthly income and stage distribution was similar between the two groups. HIV-positive patients underwent radiation therapy more commonly than chemoradiation. HIV-positive women showed statistically significantly higher loss to follow-up during the study. HIV-positive women experienced no improvement in insomnia, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, social role or any of the sexual domains. In contrast, HIV-negative women experienced statistically significant improvement in all sexual domains other than sexual/vaginal functioning. The QOL improvement of HIV-negative women was statistically significantly greater than their HIV-positive counterparts in the majority of QOL domains. Global health improved in both groups, with HIV-negative women experiencing greater improvement. HIV-positive women experienced an initial decline of peripheral neuropathy (PN) symptoms post treatment with a return to pretreatment values at 3 months’ follow-up. The change in PN was statistically significant between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive women.Conclusion: Demographic differences exist between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups. The differential outcome in the QOL of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women treated for cervical cancer might be related to persistence of AIDS-related symptoms on completion of cervical cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa G Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective: To determine the spectrum of cancers in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa compared to their HIV negative peers. Design: Cross sectional study with cancer data provided by the National Cancer Registry and HIV data from the National Health Laboratory Service. Setting and participants: The NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector with an estimated coverage of 80%. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10-24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8 479). We included 3 672 in the complete case analysis. Primary and secondary outcomes: We used linked NCR and NHLS data to determine the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We also used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex (as appropriate), ethnicity, and calendar period. Due to the large proportion of unknown HIV status we also imputed (post-hoc) the missing HIV status. Results: From 2004-2014, 8 479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for only 45% (n=3812); of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9-530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23-3.89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69-2.66), and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27-5.86). About 44% (n=1 062) of AYAs with HIV related cancers had not been tested for HIV, though they were very likely to have the disease. Conclusions: Cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa could be reduced by screening young women for cervical cancer and vaccinating them against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Abdilahi Yousuf ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa ◽  
Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemployed, and earning a monthly income less than 1400 ETB (37.5 USD) were significantly associated with depression. Women with symptomatic HIV clinical stage III (AOR =2.06, 95% C.I (0.75-5.61), with CD4 cell count below 250 (AOR = 1.14, 95% C.I (0.57-2.28), and with co-infections (AOR= 1.04, 95% C.I (0.40-2.71) also suffered from depression. Conclusion: The study outcomes show that the prevalence of depression in women with HIV was 32.5%, but they were more likely to be depressed if they were illiterate, divorced, unemployed or had a financial burden. In addition, HIV positive women with less CD4 cell count and in the final clinical stage or suffered from a co-infection were also associated with depressive symptoms. This signifies the public health implications of psychological and cognitive morbidities of the illness among these women with chronic illnesses. Hence, future mental health interventions and HIV care should be integrated with substantial emphasis given to vulnerable groups, including HIV positive women.

scholarly journals Contraceptive Use and Method Preferences among HIV Positive Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Getnet Gedefaw ◽  
Adam Wondmieneh ◽  
Asmamaw Demis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background. Preventing unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women has a vital role to prevent mother to child transmission. Besides, increasing access to contraceptives has a number of economical importance and reducing the costs for mitigating the unintended pregnancy consequences. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the contraceptive use and method of preference among HIV positive women in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis reporting guideline was applied. Articles searched from the Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, AJOL, Hinari, and Google scholar were included in this review. The Stata 11 software was used to compute the analysis. Heterogeneity of the studies was detected using the Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics. Egger’s test was used to check the evidence of publication bias within the studies. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis was computed with the evidence of heterogeneity. Results. Ten thousand one hundred twenty one (10121) women living with HIV/AIDS were recruited in this study. The national estimated prevalence of contraceptive use among HIV positive women in Ethiopia was 57.78% (95% CI: 48.53-67.03). Injectables and male condom were the most preferred contraceptives accounted for 36.00% (95% CI: 6.64-45.35) and 32.74% (95% CI: 21.08-44.40), respectively. Discussion with husband/partner (AOR: 4.70, 95% CI: 2.18-10.12), disclosure of HIV status to spouse/partner (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.55-3.06), ever counseled for modern contraceptives (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.01-3.88), attending secondary and above education (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 2.15-4.51), and having more than one live child (AOR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.86-3.66) were increasing the likelihood of contraceptive use whereas not currently married women (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16-0.34) was decreases the odds of contraceptive use. Conclusion. In Ethiopia, more than half of the women living with HIV/AIDS were using contraceptives. Discussion with husband/partner, disclosure of HIV status to spouse/partner, ever counseled for modern contraceptives, attending secondary and above education, and having more than one live child were increasing the uptake of contraceptives among HIV positive women. Partner discussion, having adequate information towards contraceptive use, and having desired number of child could increase the utilization; as a result, obstetric complication with HIV positive women due to unintended pregnancy is significantly decreasing.

Accelerated epigenetic age among HIV-infected Nigerian women with invasive cervical cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17504-e17504
Author(s):  
Jonah Musa ◽  
Kyeezu Kim ◽  
Yinan Zheng ◽  
Lois B. Travis ◽  
Demirkan Gursel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Hiv Negative

e17504 Background: Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is one of the HIV-associated cancers with a high burden in Nigeria. ICC occurs at relatively younger age in HIV infected women, with HIV known to promote aging and related diseases, including cancer. DNA methylation changes with increasing age, various health-related exposures, and age-related health outcomes, suggesting a role of DNA methylation in biological aging and disease. We sought to understand the effect of HIV infection on epigenetic age acceleration (EpiAgeAccel) in Nigerian women with ICC. Methods: Epigenetic age (EpiAge) was estimated by Horvath’s calculator using genome-wide methylation data in 116 cervical tissue samples from three groups of women: a) HIV positive with ICC (n=39); b) HIV positive and cancer-free (n=53); and c) HIV negative with ICC (n=24). EpiAgeAccel was computed as the regression residuals of EpiAge against chronological age (ChronAge), representing the independent deviation of EpiAge from ChronAge. We compared EpiAgeAccel across the 3 HIV/ICC groups using multiple linear regressions adjusting for ChronAge, education, parity, employment, cancer stage, body mass index, and study site. Among the ICC women, we compared EpiAgeAccel between 26 tumor tissues and their surrounding normal tissues using paired t-tests, stratified by HIV status. Results: EpiAgeAccel among HIV positive women with ICC was 4.5 years higher than HIV positive and cancer-free women (p=0.019). We did not find substantial differences in EpiAgeAccel between HIV-positive women with ICC and HIV-negative women with ICC. EpiAgeAccel was 7.9 and 2.9 years higher in tumor tissues compared to the surrounding normal tissues among HIV positive women (p=0.021) and negative women (p=0.295), respectively. Conclusions: EpiAge is accelerated in cervical tissue of HIV-infected women with ICC. EpiAgeAccel may be a potential biomarker for ICC screening and early detection for women living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

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