scholarly journals Kenyan Youth Understanding of Cancer, Cancer Risk and Cancer Prevention: An Ethnographic Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 15s-15s
Author(s):  
D. Busolo ◽  
R.L. Woodgate ◽  
T. Hack ◽  
K. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Study Results

Background: Cancer incidence and mortality continues to rise worldwide including in Kenya. Among the groups that are likely to get cancer in future are Kenyan youth that engage in behavior that can increase their lifetime cancer risk. Despite this awareness, little is known about Kenyan youth's understanding of cancer, cancer risk, and cancer prevention. Such awareness is needed to inform germane cancer prevention and health promotion initiatives. Aim: The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore Kenyan youth's understanding of cancer, cancer risk, and cancer prevention. Methods: Fifty-three youth (ages 12-19) took part in individual interviews and focus group discussions. Results: In their conceptualization of cancer, youth described cancer in ways that are grouped into two themes: there is no other disease like it and lay understanding through metaphors. In their conceptualization of cancer risk, youth described cancer in ways that are grouped as cancer risk as lifestyle factors and the process of risk perception. Finally, in conceptualization of cancer prevention, youth described cancer prevention in ways that are grouped into the following themes: avoiding cancer risk factors, avoiding peers who partake in risk factors, and being healthy. Conclusion: This study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Kenya and adds to the body of knowledge in this area. Despite limited cancer control plans, youth described the grim consequences of getting cancer, their chances of getting the disease, and proposed opportunities for prevention. The study results will create a platform for future cancer prevention research and health promotion programs in Kenya and other part of Africa.

scholarly journals Novel Approaches for Monitoring and Controlling Major Cancer Risk Factors in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Baosen Zhou ◽  
Hongmei Zeng ◽  
Yongbing Xiang ◽  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

PURPOSE Globally, approximately one fourth of newly diagnosed cancer cases (24%) and one third of cancer deaths (30%) in 2018 occurred in China. Despite advanced scientific knowledge about risk factors, the incidence of many cancers continuous to increase, which indicates an urgent need for an effective preventive strategy. METHODS For better monitoring and control of major cancer risk factors in China, a research program was launched at the end of 2016. The program aims to develop novel algorithms for cancer risk prediction and prevention, build tools for both real-time risk factor collection and for transmission of intervention-related messages, and to create a cancer prevention platform. It is funded by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. The China National Cancer Center plays a leading role. RESULTS This research program includes 5 projects. The first project will develop a means of collecting data on major cancer risk factors and personalized prevention message-sending apps. The second project will establish 20 population-based, high-quality tumor registries with extensive information on cancer treatment and prognosis. The third project will validate the apps and models developed through the first project in 6 large prospective cohort studies involving diverse populations. The fourth project will apply temporal and spatial high-dimensional data-mining approaches and use historical data, including national cancer incidence and mortality data, air pollution monitoring data, national surveys on smoking and nutrition, etc, to develop a cancer incidence and mortality mapping system. The fifth project will build risk prediction models and establish a cancer prevention Web site to showcase results from other projects. CONCLUSION This study has the potential to revolutionize the path of current cancer prevention by leading it toward personalized cancer prevention.

Public perception of cancer risk.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1559
Author(s):  
Lisa Burns ◽  
Ursula Kenny ◽  
Laura Healy ◽  
Samantha Cushen ◽  
Seamus O'Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Food Irradiation ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

1559 Background: The public’s knowledge of cancer risk factors has rarely been studied in Ireland. An understanding of this can help inform cancer prevention programs. Methods: An online surveywas used to assess the public’s perception of cancer risk. Results: 525 people completed the survey. Mean age was 40yrs (range:18-74), 82% were female and 36% had college degrees. 81% were concerned about developing cancer, however 20% believed if cancer was in their family there was nothing they could do about personal cancer risk. 20% did not know that cancer risk increased with age, 27% believed that >50% of cancers are inherited, and 54% believed 10-20% of cancers are inherited. The top 5 risk factors listed by respondents were: smoking 85%, diet 74%, alcohol 44%, genetics 38%, and environment 31%. Only 32% were aware that obesity is a risk factor for cancer and 33% did not think the location of fat was important for cancer prevention. When given a list of potential behaviours relevant to cancer risk 33% believed wearing a tight bra and 49% believed a blow to the breast could increase cancer risk. 87% believed genetics ‘strongly’ increased risk, 85% stress, and 86% believed cell phones increased risk. 12% believed ‘luck’ was important in avoiding cancer, 35% thought ‘detox’ diets and 61% believed organic food reduced risk. Only 33% agreed with the statement that ‘frozen vegetables/fruit are as good as fresh’, 40% were unaware of the link between red meat and cancer. The following foods were thought to increase risk: cheese (29%), soy (9%), milk chocolate (30%), red wine (25%), and eggs (11%). Aerosol use (71%), cleaning agents (73%), smoking (99%), cooking methods (68%), processed meat (86%), food irradiation (77%), and genetically modified foods (81%) were believed to increased risk. The majority were aware that berries, green tea, garlic, brassica vegetables and physical activity of 30 minutes a day can reduce cancer risk. Conclusions: There is a sizable portion of the population who are misinformed about cancer risk. Most are aware of classic risk factors (e.g. smoking, poor diet). Many overestimate risk attributable to genetics, environment, stress, and underestimate age, obesity and sunlight. One in 5 believes lifetime risk of cancer is non-modifiable.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors Associated with the Sources of Water Consumption and the Some Features of Diet in Perm Krai

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Feldblum ◽  
M. H. Alyeva ◽  
A. O. Kanina ◽  
V. N. Gryaznov ◽  
D. V. Zitta
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) dominants in incidence and mortality among all malignant tumors, it is observed both globally and different regions of Russia. The results of analytical epidemiological study «case-control» on the impact of the colorectal cancer risk factors are presented. Considered risk factors were associated with the sources of water consumption and the some features of diet in Permski Krai. Questionnaire surveys of 200 patients with CRC and 200 healthy individuals were performed. Observation and control groups were spread evenly by sex, age and ethnicity. It was determined following risk factors: consumption of municipal unboiled water and well water, sour cream intake, high concentration of salt in the food, fat, fried and spicy meal as well. There were protective factors such us consumption of municipal boiled water and intake of total dairy products more than 1000 g per week.

scholarly journals Obesity, Lung Cancer, and The Paradox of its Association: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Akbar Suryoadji ◽  
Jason Theola ◽  
Valentino Ryu Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Rate ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

Background: The obesity rate in Indonesia always increases every year. RISKESDAS (Indonesian National Health Research Data) 2007, 2013 and 2018 showed that obesity rate is always increasing in Indonesia. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia which causes death. Objective: This review aims to explain various diseases which are associated with obesity, risk factors of lung cancer and the association between them. Methods: Literature search was conducted in pubmed and textbooks regarding obesity and lung cancer risk factors. The literature search on association between obesity and lung cancer was done in pubmed with the keyword "(Lung Cancer [Title]) AND (Obesity [Title])". Results: Based on the research conducted, it was found that obesity was associated with various diseases including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer risk, mood disorders, heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Furthermore, there are various risk factors for lung cancer, including gender, genetics, tobacco use, and exposure to toxic agents. The association between obesity and lung cancer is a paradoxical phenomenon that occurs, in which obese patients have a lower risk of developing lung cancer based on the meta-analysis research (RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.73-0.85). Conclusion: Obesity can increase the risk of various diseases, and lung cancer which is one of the most common cancers in Indonesia also has various risk factors. However, current clinical research studies have shown that obesity actually reduces the risk of lung cancer. Thus we advise researchers around the world to further enhance experimental research either in clinical or laboratory about the body mechanisms that can explain this phenomenon. Regardless of this paradox association, we also suggest that the public should keep on controlling body weight because of the risk of various diseases associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Grouped Weighted Quantile Sum Regression for Modeling Chemical Mixtures and Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
David C. Wheeler ◽  
Salem Rustom ◽  
Matthew Carli ◽  
Todd P. Whitehead ◽  
Mary H. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Individuals are exposed to a large number of diverse environmental chemicals simultaneously and the evaluation of multiple chemical exposures is important for identifying cancer risk factors. The measurement of a large number of chemicals (the exposome) in epidemiologic studies is allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of cancer risk factors than was done in earlier studies that focused on only a few chemicals. Empirical evidence from epidemiologic studies shows that chemicals from different chemical classes have different magnitudes and directions of association with cancers. Given increasing data availability, there is a need for the development and assessment of statistical methods to model environmental cancer risk that considers a large number of diverse chemicals with different effects for different chemical classes. The method of grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) regression allows for multiple groups of chemicals to be considered in the model such that different magnitudes and directions of associations are possible for each group of chemicals. In this paper, we assessed the ability of GWQS regression to estimate exposure effects for multiple chemical groups and correctly identify important chemicals in each group using a simulation study. We compared the performance of GWQS regression with WQS regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), and the group lasso in estimating exposure effects and identifying important chemicals. The simulation study results demonstrate that GWQS is an effective method for modeling exposure to multiple groups of chemicals and compares favorably with other methods used in mixture analysis. As an application, we used GWQS regression in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS), a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California to estimate exposure effects for many chemical classes while also adjusting for demographic factors. The CCLS analysis found evidence of a positive association between exposure to the herbicide dacthal and an increased risk of childhood leukemia.

Cancer prevention among residents: Practice and patterns.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
G. O. Akogbe ◽  
N. Anumenechi ◽  
C. A. Ezigbo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World

33 Background: At least a third of all cancer cases are preventable. Prevention offers the most cost-effective long- term strategy for the control of cancer; especially in resource deprived areas of the world. Tobacco is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world today. Dietary modification is another important approach to cancer control. Infectious agents are responsible for almost 22% of cancer death in the developing world and 6% in industrialized countries. This number is on the rise as result of HIV/AIDS pandemic, life style change and malnutrition. Residents constitute a very important arm of specialized cares in tertiary health institutions. They are the “gate-keepers” who are often the first to come in contact with patients that will benefit from cancer preventive measures. The purpose of this study is therefore, to examine the awareness, attitude and practice of cancer prevention by residents. Methods: Randomly selected residents from the major clinical oncology departments answered questionnaire that addressed these cancer prevention domains; awareness of behavioral modification and early screening, discussing cancer prevention with patients, and participating in screening for common cancer risk factors. Results: 77 out 100 questionnaire distributed were completed and returned; 77% response rate. 97% of the respondents are aware of cancer preventive measures but only 73% of these discussed the measures with patients. 9% of the respondents do not advise patient to quit smoking/not to smoke, only 22% advocate protection against sun, 23% do not advocate for early screening, and only 25% of the respondents themselves are screened for any of the common cancer risk factors while 74% are not. Conclusions: There is significant awareness of cancer prevention measures but not all put this knowledge to practice. Only a quarter of the respondents are themselves screened. Further studies are needed to determine interventions that can improve resident's attitude to cancer prevention in resource deprived economy with rising prevalence of cancer. With improved training opportunities for cancer control among professionals, more cancers will be diagnosed via early screening and detection. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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