scholarly journals Cannabis Smoking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 196s-196s ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
S.-K. Myung
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cannabis Smoking

Background: Cannabis (also called marijuana or marihuana) is 1 of the most widely used illicit substances in the world. While cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor of many cancers, effects of cannabis smoking on risk of developing cancer have remained unclear. Aim: This study is conducted to evaluate the association between cannabis smoking and cancer risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additional publications in October 2017. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based on predetermined selection criteria. Observational studies such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies reporting odd ratios (ORs) or relative risk (RRs) for association between cannabis smoking and any kind of cancer risk were included. Subgroup analysis also was performed by cancer type (lung, oral, testicular, head and neck and others) and by smoking duration (<5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years). Results: We included 18 observational studies with 2 cohort studies and 16 case-controls studies, which involved a total of 13,646 cancer patients and 151,572 participants without cancer in final analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis of all 20 studies showed marginally statistically significant association between cannabis smoking and risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.00-3.08; I2 = 82.0%). Subgroup analysis by type of cancer shows that cannabis smoking more than 10 years increased risk of testicular cancer (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.09; I2 = 00.0%). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis of observational studies found an overall significant increased risk of lung cancer and cannabis. Further, an increased risk of testicular cancer when duration of cannabis smoking exceeded 10 years also was found.

scholarly journals Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Boon Lee ◽  
Lina Ang ◽  
Wai-Ping Yau ◽  
Wei Jie Seow
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Meta Analyses

Globally, lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer type. However, screening and early detection is challenging. Previous studies have identified metabolites as promising lung cancer biomarkers. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify metabolites associated with lung cancer risk in observational studies. The literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases, up to 31 December 2019, for observational studies on the association between metabolites and lung cancer risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Meta-analyses were performed using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on study heterogeneity. Fifty-three studies with 297 metabolites were included. Most identified metabolites (252 metabolites) were reported in individual studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on 45 metabolites. Five metabolites (cotinine, creatinine riboside, N-acetylneuraminic acid, proline and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene) and five metabolite groups (total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine, total nicotine, total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (sum of concentrations of the metabolite and its glucuronides), and total nicotine equivalent (sum of total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine and total nicotine)) were associated with higher lung cancer risk, while three others (folate, methionine and tryptophan) were associated with lower lung cancer risk. Significant heterogeneity was detected across most studies. These significant metabolites should be further evaluated as potential biomarkers for lung cancer.

scholarly journals PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala contributes to an increased risk of overall cancer in the East Asian population: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199295
Author(s):  
Yijuan Xin ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Mingquan Su ◽  
Xiaoli Cheng ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives To investigate the association between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 ( PARP1) rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in Asian populations, as published findings remain controversial. Methods The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched, and references of identified studies and reviews were screened, to find relevant studies. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk, reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 24 studies with 8 926 cases and 15 295 controls were included. Overall, a significant association was found between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in East Asians (homozygous: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35; heterozygous: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; recessive: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.25; dominant: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19; and allele comparison: OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15). Stratification analyses by race and cancer type revealed similar results for gastric cancer among the Chinese population. Conclusion The findings suggest that PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala may be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians, particularly the Chinese population.

scholarly journals The association between XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case–control studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Shumin Ma ◽  
Lei Liang ◽  
Zhiyong Kou ◽  
Hongbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Studies on the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism show that this polymorphism is involved in a variety of cancers, but its specific relationships or effects are not consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between rs1799794 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies through June 11, 2019. All analyses were performed with Stata 14.0. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, and detection method. A total of 37 studies with 23,537 cases and 30,649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results XRCC3 rs1799794 increased cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygous model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.08, P = 0.051; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.015). The existence of rs1799794 increased the risk of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, rs1799794 increased the risk of cancer in the Caucasian population. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirms that XRCC3 rs1799794 is related to cancer risk, especially increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid cancer and reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, well-designed large-scale studies are required to further evaluate the results.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-related complications and incidence of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Al Bahhawi ◽  
A Aqeeli ◽  
S L Harrison ◽  
D A Lane ◽  
I Buchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Pregnancy-related complications have been previously associated with incident cardiovascular disease. However, data are scarce on the association between pregnancy-related complications and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). This systematic review examines associations between pregnancy-related complications and incident AF. Methods A systematic search of the literature utilising MEDLINE and EMBASE (Ovid) was conducted from 1990 to 6 April 2020. Observational studies examining the association between pregnancy-related complications including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes, placental abruption, preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age and stillbirth, and incidence of AF were included. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Inverse-variance random-effects models were used to pool hazard ratios. Results: Six observational studies met the inclusion criteria one case-control study and five retrospective cohort studies, with four studies eligible for meta-analysis.  Sample sizes ranged from 1,839-1,303,365. Mean/median follow-up for the cohort studies ranged from 7-36 years. Most studies reported an increased risk of incident AF associated with pregnancy-related complications. The pooled summary statistic from four studies reflected a greater risk of incident AF for HDP (hazard ratio (HR) 1.47, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.18-1.84; I2 = 84%) and from three studies for pre-eclampsia (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.41-2.06; I2 = 64%; Figure). Conclusions The results of this review suggest that pregnancy-related complications particularly pre-eclampsia appear to be associated with higher risk of incident AF. The small number of included studies and the significant heterogeneity in the pooled results suggest further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm the association between pregnancy-related complications and AF. Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals Egg Consumption and Risk of Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Aminianfar ◽  
Roohallah Fallah-Moshkani ◽  
Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Limited data are available that summarize the relation between egg intake and the risk of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between egg intake and the risk of UADT cancers. Medline/PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords. Observational studies conducted on humans investigating the association between egg consumption and the risk of UADT cancers were included. Overall, 38 studies with a total of 164,241 subjects (27, 025 cases) were included. Based on 40 effect sizes from 32 case-control studies, we found a 42% increased risk of UADT cancers among those with the highest egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) compared to those with the lowest intake (ranging from 0–20 g/d to never consumed among studies) (overall OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.68; P < 0.001). However, this association was only evident in hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.68; P < 0.001 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; P = 0.004 for esophageal cancer) and not in population-based case-control (PCC) studies (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.67; P = 0.56 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.81; P = 0.13 for esophageal cancer). In addition, the association was not significant in prospective cohort studies (overall OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.04; P = 0.11). Considering individual cancers, a positive association was observed between the highest egg consumption, compared with the lowest, and risk of oropharyngeal (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.20; P < 0.001), laryngeal (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.32; P < 0.001), oral & pharyngeal & laryngeal (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67; P < 0.001), and esophageal cancers (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10,1.48; P = 0.001). We also found an inverse association between egg intake and the risk of oral cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99; P = 0.04). In conclusion, high egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) was associated with increased risk of UADT cancers only in HCC studies but not in PCC or prospective cohort studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018102619.

Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of case–control and cohort studies

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfang Wang ◽  
Xingwei Zhang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Zhiqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tea Consumption

scholarly journals The effect of LTA gene polymorphisms on cancer risk: an updated systematic review and meta- analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Li ◽  
Yaxuan Wang ◽  
Xueliang Chang ◽  
Zhenwei Han
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lymphotoxin Alpha ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Lymphotoxin Α ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Purpose: To provide a comprehensive account of the association of five Lymphotoxin-α (LTA) gene polymorphisms (rs1041981, rs2229094, rs2239704, rs746868, rs909253) with susceptibility to cancer. Methods: A literature search for eligible candidate gene studies published before 28 February 2020 was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The following combinations of main keywords were used: (LTA OR Lymphotoxin alpha OR TNF-β OR tumor necrosis factor-beta) AND (polymorphism OR mutation OR variation OR SNP OR genotype) AND (cancer OR tumor OR neoplasm OR malignancy OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma). Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via subgroup and sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were estimated. Results: Overall, a total of 24 articles with 24577 cases and 33351 controls for five polymorphisms of LTA gene were enrolled. We identified that rs2239704 was associated with a reduced risk of cancer. While for other polymorphisms, the results showed no significant association with cancer risk. In the stratified analysis of rs1041981, we found that Asians might have less susceptibility to cancer. At the same time, we found that rs2239704 was negatively correlated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). While, for rs909253, an increased risk of cancer for Caucasians and HCC susceptibility were uncovered in the stratified analysis of by ethnicity and cancer type. Conclusion: LTA rs2239704 polymorphism is inversely associated with the risk of cancer. LTA rs1041981 polymorphism is negatively associated with cancer risk in Asia. While, LTA rs909253 polymorphism is a risk factor for HCC in Caucasian population.

Effects of NAT2 Polymorphism on Lung Cancer Risk, and the Interaction Between Smoking and NAT2: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhu ◽  
Aiqun Xu ◽  
Binbin Zhang ◽  
Pulin Li ◽  
Huihui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Nat2 Polymorphism

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world, and cancer death is mainly caused by lung cancer. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer are not clear. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an enzyme found in the lungs, colon, breast, prostate, and liver. NAT2 is polymorphic and can metabolize carcinogens from tobacco smoke. At present, many studies have explored the effects of NAT2 polymorphism on lung cancer, but we found inconsistent results. Methods We conducted a research of 19 published studies, involving 4,130 patients and 6,057 controls, to more accurately assess the effects of NAT2 polymorphism on lung cancer risk and to investigate whether smoking is associated. We used STATA software to analyze the extracted data and used STATA for subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and to perform publication bias tests. To determine the correlation, we used the crude odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results From the major results, we found that there was no significant correlation between NAT2 polymorphism and lung cancer (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.84–1.19, I² = 63.3%, P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). We also found no significant results in stratified analyses of smoking, ethnicity, gender, and source of controls. However, we learned from the subgroup analysis that the lung cancer risk in NAT2 patients with intermediate-slow acetylation may be increased (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22–2.73, I² = 39.6%, P = 0.191 for heterogeneity). Conclusions This research showed that no sufficient evidence was found to prove the effect of NAT2 polymorphism on lung cancer risk; however the increased acetylation capacity of NAT2 might reduce the risk of lung cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of MDM4 SNP34091 A>C Polymorphism in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis on 19,328 Patients and 51,058 Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Wenchao Zhao ◽  
Minghua Zheng ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Tianli Niu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Breast Cancer Subgroup ◽  
Model C ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Several observational studies have suggested a significant association of the MDM4 SNP34091 A>C polymorphism with cancers. However, the results of the published studies are inconsistent. Materials and methods PubMed, Embase/Ovid and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for relevant studies with a time limit of April 20, 2016. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the association between MDM4 polymorphism and cancer risk. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results A total of 19,328 patients and 51,058 controls were included in the analysis. Overall, a significantly decreased risk of cancer was associated with MDM4 SNP34091 polymorphism for the allele model (C vs. A, OR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.622-0.821, p = 0.000), dominant model (CC + AC vs. AA, OR = 0.684, 95% CI: 0.563-0.831, p = 0.000), recessive model (CC vs. AC + AA, OR = 1.139, 95% CI = 1.055-1.230, p = 0.001) and heterozygote model (AC vs. AA, OR = 0.687, 95% CI = 0.568-0.832). In the subgroup analysis by cancer type, no significant association was found in the breast cancer subgroup. In the subgroup analysis by geographical region, 2 genetic models, the allele and heterozygote models, showed a significant association in Chinese populations. Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis showed that the MDM4 SNP34091 A>C polymorphism may function as a protective factor against cancer risk.

Low-dose aspirin use and cancer-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianmin Wang ◽  
Yupeng Luo ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Kui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ABSTRACT Background Considering the increased risk of bleeding caused by aspirin, and the observed benefit in all-cause mortality may be due to an improvement in cardiovascular-related mortality. We carried out this meta-analysis to estimate the association of low-dose aspirin use and risk of cancer-specific mortality. Methods We searched the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for all articles within a range of published years from 1980 to 2018. Results Finally, 13 published cohort studies with 65 768 patients were available for estimating overall risk of cancer-specific mortality associating with post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use, and 4 cohort studies were available for pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use with 16 654 patients. Overall, statistical evidence of significantly decreased cancer-specific mortality was found to be associated with post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93), but not with pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use. In terms of subgroup analyses by cancer type, post-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use was significantly with decreased cancer-specific mortality for digestive tract cancer including colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that post-diagnosis but not pre-diagnosis low-dose aspirin use may reduce cancer-specific mortality.

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