Inorganic Materials-Based Next-Generation Supercapacitors

CONSERVATION ETHICS AND PRINCIBLES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTILE

Idil Journal of Art and Language ◽

10.7816/idil-10-78-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (78) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Technology Development ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Next Generation ◽

Academic Field ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Textile Conservation ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Definition Of

Textiles made of organic fibers, include anthropologic knowledge about lifestyle, art idea, mythology, daily life and religious traditions of the culture made them. These tangible examples of Cultural identity of the society important for transfer traditional knowledge from next generation. Textile Cultural artefacts responsibility and interest of conservation and restoration science professionals can find from archaeological excavations or gathering from urban areas and given to museums from collectors. Historic textiles are hard to found well preserved and hard to passing it onto the next generation compared to artefacts made from inorganic materials because of they made of organic materials. Every country on the earth has their own definition of Cultural Heritage and preservation laws. Under this diversity in the field of conservation and restoration science, it is necessary to establish standard definitions and use a common language at academic field likewise in every profession. Ethical codes and principles made for conservation of Cultural Heritage are a guide for conservation professionals. Politics of conservation practices change by technology development. In recent years, by analytical research, has been noticed that active conservation activities can damage the cultural heritage hence passive conservation activities like documentation and preservative conservation becomes priority. Descriptive scanning model based on screening of literature related to textile conservation was adopted for this paper. Keywords: Cultural heritage, archaeological textile, conservation, restoration, ethics

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Graphene Nanoplatelets for the Development of Reinforced PLA–PCL Electrospun Fibers as the Next-Generation of Biomedical Mats

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12061390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Enrica Chiesa ◽

Rossella Dorati ◽

Silvia Pisani ◽

Giovanna Bruni ◽

Laura G. Rizzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Next Generation ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds ◽

Slowing Down ◽

Chain Mobility

Electrospun scaffolds made of nano- and micro-fibrous non-woven mats from biodegradable polymers have been intensely investigated in recent years. In this field, polymer-based materials are broadly used for biomedical applications since they can be managed in high scale, easily shaped, and chemically changed to tailor their specific biologic properties. Nonetheless polymeric materials can be reinforced with inorganic materials to produce a next-generation composite with improved properties. Herein, the role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on electrospun poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA–PCL, 70:30 molar ratio) fibers was investigated. Microfibers of neat PLA–PCL and with different amounts of GNPs were produced by electrospinning and they were characterized for their physicochemical and biologic properties. Results showed that GNPs concentration notably affected the fibers morphology and diameters distribution, influenced PLA–PCL chain mobility in the crystallization process and tuned the mechanical and thermal properties of the electrospun matrices. GNPs were also liable of slowing down copolymer degradation rate in simulated physiological environment. However, no toxic impurities and degradation products were pointed out up to 60 d incubation. Furthermore, preliminary biologic tests proved the ability of the matrices to enhance fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation probably due to their unique 3D-interconnected structure.

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Emission wavelength control of CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 nanocrystals for blue light-emitting diode applications

CrystEngComm ◽

10.1039/d1ce00132a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seung-Bum Cho ◽

Jin-woo Jung ◽

Yoon Seok Kim ◽

Chang-Hee Cho ◽

Il-Kyu Park

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Blue Light ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Promising Material ◽

Emission Wavelength ◽

Next Generation ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Wavelength Control

All-inorganic materials, mixed halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs), have attracted considerable attention recently because of their excellent luminescent efficiencies and extraordinary physical properties, making them a promising material for next-generation...

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Opto-Electrical Interactions in Next Generation Semiconductor Thin Films and Devices

10.23889/suthesis.58767 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Robin Kerremans

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Optical Constants ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Level Structure ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Next Generation ◽

Structure Property ◽

Solid State Physics ◽

Light Emitting

The processes by which optical and electrical energies are transduced are at the heart of many modern technologies such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, imaging systems and displays. The basic functional element of these ‘opto-electrical’ devices are semiconductors, and the underpinning physics of how they transduce light and electricity is well understood for conventional inorganic materials such as silicon and gallium arsenide. However, new semiconductors such as the organics and the organohalide perovskites present additional opto-electrical questions and challenges since they are molecular solids with varying degrees of disorder and crystallinity. The work described in this thesis addresses these new questions and challenges, particularly in relation to how existing solid-state physics concepts must be adapted to reliably predict and model material-and-device-level structure-property relationships and performance. Two basic technology platforms are examined in detail – solar cells and light emitting diodes, with particular reference to so-called reciprocity. A second focus of the discussion is accurate determination of optical constants for these new semiconductors – a challenging endeavour due to factors such as morphological heterogeneity. Transfer matrix and drift diffusion formalisms are relied heavily upon to model, simulate and explain multi-layer device performance, and ellipsometry and spectrophotometry are utilised as the primary analysis and characterisation methodologies. A new approach to optical constant determination is presented and validated, as is an adapted reciprocity framework for the linking of absorption, emission and charge transfer state characterisation in the presence of cavity interference. Several ‘difficult’ solar cell systems are analysed in detail – in particular the previously mysterious working principles of the so-called carbon-stack perovskite system are elucidated for the first time. These findings explain how an electrically non-selective contact can still function as an effective photovoltaic electrode dependent upon the local minority and majority carrier concentration profile. The research described herein advances our understanding of next generation semiconductor opto-electrical physics and provides more practical means for the community to analyse optical constants.

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Limits for high-resolution electron microscopy of inorganic materials?

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100125117 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 4-5

Author(s):

David J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

Contrast Transfer Function ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Electron Microscopes

The era of atomic-resolution electron microscopy has finally arrived. In virtually all inorganic materials, including oxides, metals, semiconductors and ceramics, it is possible to image individual atomic columns in low-index zone-axis projections. A whole host of important materials’ problems involving defects and departures from nonstoichiometry on the atomic scale are waiting to be tackled by the new generation of intermediate voltage (300-400keV) electron microscopes. In this review, some existing problems and limitations associated with imaging inorganic materials are briefly discussed. The more immediate problems encountered with organic and biological materials are considered elsewhere.Microscope resolution. It is less than a decade since the state-of-the-art, commercially available TEM was a 200kV instrument with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.2mm, and an interpretable resolution limit (ie. first zero crossover of the contrast transfer function) of 2.5A.

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Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100152148 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 34-35

Author(s):

Patricia G. Arscott ◽

Gil Lee ◽

Victor A. Bloomfield ◽

D. Fennell Evans

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structures ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Form And Function ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Calf Thymus ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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Shot-noise simulations of HREM images of polymer crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153683 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

Philippe Pradère ◽

Edwin L. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Molecular Level ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Crystal Defects ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Photographic Emulsion ◽

Polymer Crystals ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Lattice Images

High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) is a very powerful technique for the study of crystal defects at the molecular level. Unfortunately polymer crystals are beam sensitive and are destroyed almost instantly under the typical HREM imaging conditions used for inorganic materials. Recent developments of low dose imaging at low magnification have nevertheless permitted the attainment of lattice images of very radiation sensitive polymers such as poly-4-methylpentene-1 and enabled molecular level studies of crystal defects in somewhat more resistant ones such as polyparaxylylene (PPX) [2].With low dose conditions the images obtained are very noisy. Noise arises from the support film, photographic emulsion granularity and in particular, the statistical distribution of electrons at the typical doses of only few electrons per unit resolution area. Figure 1 shows the shapes of electron distribution, according to the Poisson formula :

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A Super-High-Resolution HVEM (H-1500) Newly Installed in NIRIM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179464 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 142-143

Author(s):

S. Horiuchi ◽

Y. Matsui

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

High Resolution ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Electron Gun ◽

Resolving Power ◽

National Budget ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Specimen Holder ◽

The Magnetic Field

A new high-voltage electron microscope (H-1500) specially aiming at super-high-resolution (1.0 Å point-to-point resolution) is now installed in National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials ( NIRIM ), in collaboration with Hitachi Ltd. The national budget of about 1 billion yen including that for a new building has been spent for the construction in the last two years (1988-1989). Here we introduce some essential characteristics of the microscope.(1) According to the analysis on the magnetic field in an electron lens, based on the finite-element-method, the spherical as well as chromatic aberration coefficients ( Cs and Cc ). which enables us to reach the resolving power of 1.0Å. have been estimated as a function of the accelerating As a result of the calculaton. it was noted that more than 1250 kV is needed even when we apply the highest level of the technology and materials available at present. On the other hand, we must consider the protection against the leakage of X-ray. We have then decided to set the conventional accelerating voltage at 1300 kV. However. the maximum accessible voltage is 1500 kV, which is practically important to realize higher voltage stabillity. At 1300 kV it is expected that Cs= 1.7 mm and Cc=3.4 mm with the attachment of the specimen holder, which tilts bi-axially in an angle of 35° ( Fig.1 ). In order to minimize the value of Cc a small tank is additionally placed inside the generator tank, which must serve to seal the magnetic field around the acceleration tube. An electron gun with LaB6 tip is used.

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