Radiation Necrosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-368
Author(s):  
Kenneth Y. Usuki ◽  
Kajsa Mayo ◽  
Susannah Ellsworth ◽  
Sara Hardy ◽  
Steven J. Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Necrosis

Bevacizumab efficacy in treatment of brain radiation necrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
O. V. Absalyamova ◽  
G. L. Kobiakov ◽  
S. L. Gutorov ◽  
E. R. Vetlova ◽  
S. V. Zolotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Brain Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Brain Radiation

Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in treatment of primary and metastatic CNS tumors and some non-neopiastic conditions (arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal neuralgia). Radiation necrosis (RN) is a common adverse effect of RT. Until recently steroid therapy was used as a main treatment regimen for RN. Mechanisms of RN development are not clear; however, it was shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in its formation. A number of surveys showed efficacy of bevacizumab as an anti-VEGF agent in treatment of RN. Radiation necrosis pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain and spine: a brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
Clark Chen ◽  
Ian Lee ◽  
Claudio Tatsui ◽  
Theresa Elder ◽  
Andrew E. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Interstitial Thermotherapy ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy (LITT; also known as Stereotactic Laser Ablation or SLA), is a minimally invasive treatment modality that has recently gained prominence in the treatment of malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors and radiation necrosis and studies for treatment of spinal metastasis has recently been reported. Methods Here we provide a brief literature review of the various contemporary uses for LITT and their reported outcomes. Results Historically, the primary indication for LITT has been for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). However, indications have continued to expand and now include gliomas of different grades, brain metastasis (BM), radiation necrosis (RN), other types of brain tumors as well as spine metastasis. LITT is emerging as a safe, reliable, minimally invasive clinical approach, particularly for deep seated, focal malignant brain tumors and radiation necrosis. The role of LITT for treatment of other types of tumors of the brain and for spine tumors appears to be evolving at a small number of centers. While the technology appears to be safe and increasingly utilized, there have been few prospective clinical trials and most published studies combine different pathologies in the same report. Conclusion Well-designed prospective trials will be required to firmly establish the role of LITT in the treatment of lesions of the brain and spine.

scholarly journals Radiation necrosis after a combination of external beam radiotherapy and iodine-125 brachytherapy in gliomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrawati Hadi ◽  
Daniel Reitz ◽  
Raphael Bodensohn ◽  
Olarn Roengvoraphoj ◽  
Stefanie Lietke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Iodine 125

Abstract Purpose Frequency and risk profile of radiation necrosis (RN) in patients with glioma undergoing either upfront stereotactic brachytherapy (SBT) and additional salvage external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after tumor recurrence or vice versa remains unknown. Methods Patients with glioma treated with low-activity temporary iodine-125 SBT at the University of Munich between 1999 and 2016 who had either additional upfront or salvage EBRT were included. Biologically effective doses (BED) were calculated. RN was diagnosed using stereotactic biopsy and/or metabolic imaging. The rate of RN was estimated with the Kaplan Meier method. Risk factors were obtained from logistic regression models. Results Eighty-six patients (49 male, 37 female, median age 47 years) were included. 38 patients suffered from low-grade and 48 from high-grade glioma. Median follow-up was 15 months after second treatment. Fifty-eight patients received upfront EBRT (median total dose: 60 Gy), and 28 upfront SBT (median reference dose: 54 Gy, median dose rate: 10.0 cGy/h). Median time interval between treatments was 19 months. RN was diagnosed in 8/75 patients. The 1- and 2-year risk of RN was 5.1% and 11.7%, respectively. Tumor volume and irradiation time of SBT, number of implanted seeds, and salvage EBRT were risk factors for RN. Neither of the BED values nor the time interval between both treatments gained prognostic influence. Conclusion The combination of upfront EBRT and salvage SBT or vice versa is feasible for glioma patients. The risk of RN is mainly determined by the treatment volume but not by the interval between therapies.

scholarly journals SURG-04. SALVAGE RESECTION OF RECURRENT PREVIOUSLY-IRRADIATED BRAIN METASTASES: CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii203-ii204
Author(s):  
Jessica Wilcox ◽  
William Newman ◽  
Anne Reiner ◽  
Samantha Brown ◽  
Robert Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Viable Tumor ◽  
Local Progression ◽  
Salvage Resection

Abstract BACKGROUND The management of brain metastasis (BrM) recurrence after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) poses a clinical challenge. The efficacy of salvage resection is undefined, and the role of adjuvant resection cavity reirradiation is unclear given the compounded risk of radiation injury. METHODS Retrospective analysis of previously-irradiated BrM that underwent resection between March 2003 and February 2020 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was performed. Only cases with histopathologic evidence of viable malignancy were included, and specimens were classified by the gross proportion of viable tumor versus treatment effect. Clinical and radiographic parameters were collected. Post-operative recurrence and radiation necrosis were based on RANO-BM criteria and distinguished by histopathologic, radiographic and clinical characteristics. Equivocal cases were adjudicated by a blinded neuroradiologist. RESULTS One-hundred fifty-five resected recurrent BrM following SBRT in 135 patients were evaluated. Seventeen received additional prior whole-brain radiation. Metastases derived from non-small-cell lung (36.8%), melanoma (27.1%), breast (21.3%), renal (3.9%), colorectal (1.9%) and other (9.0%) primary malignancies. Forty-eight (31.0%) had only microscopic malignant disease with extensive necrosis, 44 (28.4%) had mixed or unspecified tumor with treatment effect, and 63 (40.6%) were reported as purely viable tumor by histopathologic report. Thirty-nine (25.2%) post-operative cavities underwent adjuvant reirradiation within 60 days. At 6 and 12 months, local tumor recurrence occurred in 31.6% (95% CI: 24.4%-39.1%) and 40.4% (95% CI: 32.5%-48.2%), respectively, with a proportion of these lesions displaying mixed tumor plus treatment effect. Median overall survival was 13.4 months (95% CI: 10.5-17.7) from salvage resection. CONCLUSIONS Salvage of previously-irradiated BrM remains challenging. This represents the largest known series correlating salvage resection and histopathologically-confirmed viable recurrent BrM with long-term outcomes. Tumor recurrence risk remains high at one year. Further exploration will stratify local progression and radiation necrosis rates by features including extent of resection, degree of viable tumor and adjuvant reirradiation use.

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