Food selection and absorption efficiency in the spatangoid echinoid, Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata)

Echinodermata ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Chantal de Ridder ◽  
Michel Jangoux ◽  
Edwinvan Impe
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Echinocardium Cordatum

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Modifikasi Resep Brownis Untuk Makanan Selingan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Setyowati Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Red Bean

Background: The nutritional therapy management of diabetes mellitus patient lies in the proper diet and food selection arrangement. There is an eating recomendation (3 times for main food and 3 times of snackfood) that needed to be noted. One of the snack food that been allowed is brownie, as baked product and cake category. Modification on brownie recipe are needed to improve quality of the food. Objective: To understand a brownie recipe as snack food for diabetes mellitus patient based on physical quality, organoleptic quality, nutritional value and fiber content. Methods: The type of this research is an artificial experiment. The variables were modified brownie recipes; physical quality; organoleptic quality to colour, flavor, aroma, and texture; nutritional value, and fiber content. The subject of the study are 36 people with diabetes and 17 expert panelists. The object of this research is 3 kinds of brownie (red bean brownie, green bean brownie and peanut brownie). This research is conducted at Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta and Prolanis Organization in Puskemas Gamping 1 area, Sleman, Yogyakarta on February-September 2016. The data analysis of this research is done descriptively and analytically. Results: There is 3 brownie as modification results (green bean brownie, red bean brownie and peanut brownie). Those brownie have physical traits such as darker brown in colour, little bit sweet, have nutty flour aroma and little bit soft as a texture. Based on organoleptic quality, peanut brownie is the most preferred brownie. Based on analysis of chemical nutrition and fiber. Brownies tahat qualify the diet of people with diabetes mellitus is peanut brownie. Peanut brownie also been accepted by diabetes mellitus patient. Conclusion: Peanut brownie as modification results choosen as snack food alternatives for diabetes mellitus patient.

“My Roommates Would Laugh at me”: Young Males Reveal Embarrassment over Lack of Food Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristen Simonds ◽  
Lucy Yixuan Zhang ◽  
June I. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Storage

Purpose: This descriptive qualitative study explored young males’ perceptions of food skills in 3 domains: food selection and planning, food preparation, and food safety and storage. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: Forty-four young men (aged 17–35) reported varying levels of food skills, from little/no confidence to very confident and skilled. Most participants learned food skills from their mothers. Greater involvement in food selection and planning at a young age appeared to be related to parental influence and encouragement, exposure to food skills at school, and interest in food-related activities, which, in turn, provided a solid foundation for being confident cooks as young adults. Most notable was the lack of knowledge about, or confidence in, food safety and storage. Young men with low self-perceived food skills were deeply embarrassed about this deficiency in front of peers who had higher levels of confidence and skills. Conclusions: Future interventions or curricula should emphasize food safety and storage. This research also illustrates the importance of the home environment in teaching food skills to youth and ensuring that food skills are taught well before young adults begin living independently.

The nutritional consequences of foraging in primates: the relationship of nutrient intakes to nutrient requirements

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1270) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Many studies have examined the proportion of time that primates devote to feeding on various types of food, but relatively little is known about the intake rates associated with each food. However, the nutritional consequences of foraging can only be interpreted by comparing nutrient intakes with estimated nutrient requirements. The energy available to primates from ingested foods will depend both on the composition of the food and the extent to which various constituents, including fibre fractions, are digested. Both human and non-human primates have relatively low requirements for protein as a consequence of slow growth rates, small milk yields and relatively dilute milk. Because the nutrient demands of growth and reproduction are spread out over time, it appears that primates do not need to seek out foods of particularly high nutrient density, except perhaps during weaning. Although food selection in some species of primates appears to be correlated with the protein concentration of foods, it is unlikely that high dietary protein levels are required, at least when foods of balanced amino acid composition (such as leaves) are included in the diet.

scholarly journals Optimization of Tilmicosin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Orthogonal Design for Overcoming Oral Administration Obstacle

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jia Wen ◽  
Xiuge Gao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Benazir Sahito ◽  
Hongbin Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter

Tilmicosin (TMS) is widely used to treat bacterial infections in veterinary medicine, but the clinical effect is limited by its poor solubility, bitterness, gastric instability, and intestinal efflux transport. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are nowadays considered to be a promising vector of therapeutic drugs for oral administration. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was applied for optimizing TMS-loaded NLCs (TMS-NLCs). The ratios of emulsifier to mixed lipids, stearic acid to oleic acid, drugs to mixed lipids, and cold water to hot emulsion were selected as the independent variables, while the hydrodynamic diameter (HD), drug loading (DL), and entrapment efficiency (EE) were the chosen responses. The optimized TMS-NLCs had a small HD, high DL, and EE of 276.85 ± 2.62 nm, 9.14 ± 0.04%, and 92.92 ± 0.42%, respectively. In addition, a low polydispersity index (0.231 ± 0.001) and high negative zeta potential (−31.10 ± 0.00 mV) indicated the excellent stability, which was further demonstrated by uniformly dispersed spherical nanoparticles under transmission electron microscopy. TMS-NLCs exhibited a slow and sustained release behavior in both simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid. Furthermore, MDCK-chAbcg2/Abcb1 cell monolayers were successfully established to evaluate their absorption efficiency and potential mechanism. The results of biodirectional transport showed that TMS-NLCs could enhance the cellular uptake and inhibit the efflux function of drug transporters against TMS in MDCK-chAbcg2/Abcb1 cells. Moreover, the data revealed that TMS-NLCs could enter the cells mainly via the caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and partially via macropinocytosis. Furthermore, TMS-NLCs showed the same antibacterial activity as free TMS. Taken together, the optimized NLCs were the promising oral delivery carrier for overcoming oral administration obstacle of TMS.

scholarly journals The influence of supraliminal priming on energy density of food selection: a randomised control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Schlegel ◽  
Sharon A. Carstairs ◽  
Gozde Ozakinci
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Overweight Adults ◽  
University Athletes

Abstract Background Many people exercise because they know it is good for their health. Although this is true, it can make us feel deserving of a reward and lead us to eat more indulgent, less healthy food than if we had not done any exercise. Generally, lower energy-dense (LED) foods are recognised as healthier choices than higher energy-dense (HED) options. Despite our intention to make healthy choices, seeing tempting higher-calorie foods on offer often side-tracks us. Priming is a psychological tool that makes specific changes to our environment that remind us of our motivation to be healthy. This makes it easier to choose a healthier option, by nudging us towards it without us even realising. However, it is currently unclear which method of priming achieves the best results. Aims Our study explores whether priming people to expect they will receive LED food leads them to make this healthier choice after exercise, even when also offered tempting less healthy HED foods at the moment of selection. Methods Our study observed the foods selected by university athletes after their sports matches. Before the match, half of the participants were primed by asking them to choose a LED snack from the options we offered, which they would receive after the match. The remaining half of participants were not asked this same question. To distract the athletes from our observation of their food choices, participants completed a task prior to choosing their snack, which was disguised as a ‘thank you’ for taking part. Results Overall, we found the priming group did not choose LED foods significantly more than the control group, hence priming did not increase LED food selection. Conclusion Importantly, our results indicate that priming must be more noticeable to achieve its goal. Additionally, we demonstrated that priming may be less successful for young athletic individuals, compared to older and more overweight adults recruited in other studies. This highlights the importance of studying a broader demographic range of individuals from the general population. We support future research into this area, which will help us to tweak priming to achieve the best outcomes. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN74601698. Date registered: 02/10/2020 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Rational Design and Simulation of Two-Dimensional Perovskite Photonic Crystal Absorption Layers Enabling Improved Light Absorption Efficiency for Solar Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2460
Author(s):  
Jian Zou ◽  
Mengnan Liu ◽  
Shuyu Tan ◽  
Zhijie Bi ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Photonic Crystal Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Absorption Layer

A two-dimensional perovskite photonic crystal structure of Methylamine lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) is rationally designed as the absorption layer for solar cells. The photonic crystal (PC) structure possesses the distinct “slow light” and band gap effect, leading to the increased absorption efficiency of the absorption layer, and thus the increased photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. Simulation results indicate that the best absorption efficiency can be achieved when the scattering element of indium arsenide (InAs) cylinder is arranged in the absorption layer in the form of tetragonal lattice with the height of 0.6 μm, the diameter of 0.24 μm, and the lattice constant of 0.4 μm. In the wide wavelength range of 400–1200 nm, the absorption efficiency can be reached up to 82.5%, which is 70.1% higher than that of the absorption layer without the photonic crystal structure. In addition, the absorption layer with photonic crystal structure has good adaptability to the incident light angle, presenting the stable absorption efficiency of 80% in the wide incident range of 0–80°. The results demonstrate that the absorption layer with photonic crystal structure can realize the wide spectrum, wide angle, and high absorption of incident light, resulting in the increased utilization efficiency of solar energy.

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