DISPERSION MODELS FOR EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES G.-J. MEJER and K.-H. KRAUSE Institut fiir landtechnische Grundlagenforschung der Bundesforschungsanstalt fiir Landwirtschaft Summary The aim of dispersion models is the prediction of atmospheric dilution of pollutants in order to prevent or avoid nuisance. Established dispersion models, designed for the large scale of industrial air pol­ lution have to be modified to the small scale of agricultural pol­ lutions. An experimental setup is described to measure atmospheric dilution of tracer gas under agricultural conditions. The experimental results deliver the data base to identify the parameters of the models. For undisturbed airflow modified Gaussian models are applicable. For the consideration of obstacles more sophisticated models are necessary. 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of dispersion models is to develop reliable methods for calcu­ lating the atmospheric dilution of airborne pollutants under practical conditions. One application in agriculture is the determination of that distance, at which i.g. odouriferous pollutants of an animal farm are diluted in the atmosphere to a concentration below a certain threshold, in order to allow the farmer a profitable production and likewise to prevent odour nuisance from the neighbourhood. Another application is the prediction of the effectiveness of changes in the emission source configuration, in order to reduce the odour nuisance in the existent vicinity. That could help to avoid expensive misinvestments. In air pollution control it is useful! to subdivide this large problem into three main divisions /1/, fig. 1:

1986 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Gaussian Models ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Reliable Methods

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengadaan Tanah Skala Kecil dengan dan tanpa Penetapan Lokasi di Kabupaten Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Wenny Yolanda Ratna Sari ◽  
Priyo Katon Prasetyo ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
The Government

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

scholarly journals A linear response theory based method for prediction of large scale protein conformational changes upon ligand binding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Punia ◽  
Gaurav Goel
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Conformational Change ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Linear Response Theory ◽  
Conformational Space ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Excitation Temperature

ABSTRACTPrediction of ligand-induced protein conformational transitions is a challenging task due to a large and rugged conformational space, and limited knowledge of probable direction(s) of structure change. These transitions can involve a large scale, global (at the level of entire protein molecule) structural change and occur on a timescale of milliseconds to seconds, rendering application of conventional molecular dynamics simulations prohibitive even for small proteins. We have developed a computational protocol to efficiently and accurately predict these ligand-induced structure transitions solely from the knowledge of protein apo structure and ligand binding site. Our method involves a series of small scale conformational change steps, where at each step linear response theory is used to predict the direction of small scale global response to ligand binding in the protein conformational space (dLRT) followed by construction of a linear combination of slow (low frequency) normal modes (calculated for the structure from the previous step) that best overlaps with dLRT. Protein structure is evolved along this direction using molecular dynamics with excited normal modes (MDeNM) wherein excitation energy along each normal mode is determined by excitation temperature, mode frequency, and its overlap with dLRT. We show that excitation temperature (ΔT) is a very important parameter that allows limiting the extent of structural change in any one step and develop a protocol for automated determination of its optimal value at each step. We have tested our protocol for three protein–ligand systems, namely, adenylate Kinase – di(adenosine-5’)pentaphosphate, ribose binding protein – β-D-ribopyranose, and DNA β-glucosyltransferase – uridine-5’-diphosphate, that incorporate important differences in type and range of structural changes upon ligand binding. We obtain very accurate prediction for not only the structure of final protein–ligand complex (holo-structure) having a large scale conformational change, but also for biologically relevant intermediates between the apo and the holo structures. Moreover, most relevant set of normal modes for conformational change at each step are an output from our method, which can be used as collective variables for determination of free energy barriers and transition timescales along the identified pathway.

scholarly journals Determination of the Parameters of the Trajectory of Movement of a Standard Tool in Multi-Coordinate Machining of Spatially Modified Teeth of Spur Wheels with the Copying Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Roman Grubka ◽  
Alexander Mikhaylov ◽  
Irina Petryaeva ◽  
Natalya Pichko ◽  
Larisa Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cnc Machines ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Spatial Trajectory

The article presents a methodology for determining the parameters of the spatial trajectory of movement of a standard cutting tool processing ring gears with spatially modified teeth working by the copying technique. The implementation of the methodology makes it possible to determine the reference points coordinates of the trajectory of movement of the cutting tool in the process of multiple-axis processing of spatially modified teeth of spur wheels on CNC machines. The results obtained in the development of the methodology for determining the trajectory of the cutting tool movement can be further used in the process of performing the technological preparation for the production of spatially modified ring gears, including large-scale ones, in the conditions of single and small-scale production, as well as with choosing a technological equipment, the appointment of cutting modes, as well as in the process of writing control programs for CNC machines.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PROFIT SHARING SYSTEM BEEF CATTLE BREEDING BUSINESS IN KLAMBIR V KEBUN HAMPARAN PERAK SUBDISTRICT DELI SERDANG DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilda Rifki ◽  
Y L Henuk ◽  
A H Daulay ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
N D Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
A Value

The purpose of this research was to know the management of profit sharing system in the area, to analyze the income and profit of the investor and the farmer and the percentage of the contribution of the livestock business in fulfilling the income of the farmer family. This research was conducted in Klambir V Kebun Hamparan Perak Subdistrict Deli Serdang District for 2 month from July 2017 until August 2017. This research used primary data and secondary data. The location of the research and the determination of the respondents was determined purposively. Respondents consisted of 35 people who were divided into three scales: 16 respondents for 3-11 (small scale), 10 respondents for 12-20 (medium scale) and 9 respondents for scale > 20 (large scale) . The results showed that the profit sharing system that is implemented in Klambir V Kebun is a profit sharing system for bulls with 50:50 share of the results. The income received by the investor and the farmer is different because in this business breeder farmers who spend for the maintenance of livestock while the investors only provide the livestocks germs. The bigger scale of business that the greater the income. The cattle breeding business with this profit sharing system has a value of r /c ratio > 1, which means the business is feasible to cultivate. The contribution of livestock at each successive scale is 53.40%, 60.22% and 67.79%. Livestock can be categorized as a branch of business because it contributes 30-70% in fulfilling the household income.

scholarly journals New Normal Acceleration Strategy for Bali Tourism Destination Recovery with E-Tourism and Special Health Protocol for the Tourism Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama ◽  
I Wayan Ruspendi Junaedi ◽  
Ni Putu Dyah Krismawintari ◽  
Jaya Pramono ◽  
I Nengah Laba
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Association ◽  
Virtual Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Special Health

Virtual tourism is accepted make an advantage for bosses small scale of travel industry through the offer of access administrations, however, all in large scale virtual tourism will affect essentially on the travel industry goals in the truth of the experience since they can't be provided by the supplier. Virtual tourism just give looks and impressions, yet unfit to give a taste, smell, feeling, fulfillment, dedication, and dependability. Arranging a traveler visit may utilize different proposals offered by different suppliers. For booking travel tickets inside the nation, traveloka will be their decision with different advantageous installment choices gave. For booking global travel tickets they may pick TripAdvisor. For the choice of goals to be visited, potential sightseers will no doubt utilize the suggestions offered by Indonesia Virtual Tour, and Tripadvisor may be for determination of facilities, imminent travelers get more suggestions, however, who can show evaluations that are probably going to be trailed by expected voyagers. Regardless of how straight forward virtual tourism is, they have a significant job as an extension between the travel industry makers and likely voyagers. E-tourism created in Indonesia right now has not addressed the most significant part of giving data and assurance to sightseers when they decide to visit vacationer goals. The vast majority of the suppliers that fabricate virtually the travel industry frameworks have the point of building up a business association or business affiliations with entrepreneurs, for example, convenience administrations, tagging administrations, eatery administrations, and different administrations focused on business. Another technique arranged to quicken the recuperation of Bali's travel industry is to make and set explicit wellbeing gauges. Explicit Health Standards arranged for the travel industry as expressed in Circular Letter Number 3355 of 2020 concerning the new ordinary Protocol for the Bali Tourism Sector.

scholarly journals A Genetic Algorithm with Zooming for the Determination of the Optimal Open Pit Mines Layout

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Milani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mine Design ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
2D And 3D

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) with nested zooming strategy is proposed for the determination of the optimal open pit mine design.Different genetic procedures are applied to increase robustness, namely two typologies of admissible mutations for the elite sub-population subjected to zooming and mutation and reproduction for the remaining individuals. In order to further improve convergence rate, a user-defined population percentage, depending on individuals fitness, is replaced with new phenotypes, enforcing chromosomic renewal.Several comparisons with (traditionally used) dynamic programming approaches are provided both for 2D and 3D open pit mines. Both small and large scale mines are analyzed, to benchmark the code in presence of several variables.Results show that the procedure proposed requires a very limited computational effort, both for challenging problems with several variables and when a micro-GA (populations with few individuals) is adopted for small scale problems.

Practical Application of the LES Method to Mixing in Large Indoor Spaces

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Knight ◽  
Kristian K. Debus ◽  
Jon M. Berkoe ◽  
Tim J. Dasey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Building Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Eddy Simulation

The scope of protecting public venues in the U.S. is staggering in the areas of money, time and experience at doing this sort of thing. Derivation of protection strategies for the building infrastructure will necessarily involve a combination of experiments and computer simulations to provide confidence in building design or retrofit before the needed dollars and time are committed. Computer simulation can be less costly and be performed in shorter times than experiments even when the building of interest is quite large and thus, will be used extensively now and in the future for building protection design. This paper specifically targets the accuracy and application of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes for prediction of mixing behavior. The ability to determine the nature, make correct identification and quantify the amount of a release from a chemical or biological weapon (CBW) relies in part on understanding the underlying physics of air propagation throughout the domain. Specifically, we must understand the rates at which a contaminant may mix throughout the domain. Turbulent mixing is a function of the range of spatial and temporal scales found in the domain, i.e., the large scale eddies (on the size of the domain) advecting the contaminant, the small scale eddies (inertial range) “mixing” the contaminant as it is being advected and the time scales corresponding to these eddy sizes. The widely used Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical modeling methods cannot capture the time dependent motions which are responsible for a significant amount of mixing. The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method is based on simulating the turbulent fluctuations that can be resolved by the mesh while the smaller eddies are modeled. The LES method can produce more information about the nature of the flow field than RANS. This paper discusses the application of the LES method, specifically an LES/DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) coupled method, to simulate mixing in a realistically scaled fictitious airport. Application of the LES method such as determination of what eddy size to resolve, transient startup effects, determination of eddy turnover time and others are discussed. This research is sponsored by Department of Homeland Security under Air Force Contract F19628-00-C-0002. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or procedure of the United States Government.

Determination of Friction and Wear of Engineering Polymers by Means of Large-Scale Specimen Testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Samyn ◽  
Patrick de Baets
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Load ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Wear Tests

Although tribological tests on polymers are traditionally performed on small-scale pin-on-disc or bloc-on-ring configurations, present sliding tests under high load provide more accurate de-sign data. For wear tests on large samples edge effects, stress concentrations and the moveability of wear debris into the contact zone are simulated close to practice. It is illustrated that friction is gene-rally lower compared to small-scale tests, while overload and deformation occur more frequently.

Toward Risk Assessment of Explosion Hazard: Experimental Determination of Flame Fractal Dimension

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takeda ◽  
Woo Kyung Kim ◽  
Yukari Wada ◽  
Kazunori Kuwana ◽  
Toshio Mogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Explosion Experiment

Quantitative risk analysis is a method to evaluate risk and to identify areas for risk reduction. The final goal of our study is to propose an effective method for risk assessment of explosion hazard. To achieve the goal, a phenomenon that influences the consequences of explosion is first identified: self-turbulization and resulting acceleration of expanding flame during explosion. The fractal dimension is then identified as the key parameter that characterizes the phenomenon. Since the previous method to determine fractal dimension relies on large-scale explosion experiment, it has not been easy to determine fractal dimension. This paper demonstrates the possibility of determining fractal dimension by analyzing flame images of small-scale experiment, which might significantly reduce the cost of risk assessment of explosion hazard.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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