Enzymatic Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Diets replete with n−3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) are known to have therapeutic potential for the heart, although a specifically defined duration of the n−3 PUFA diet required to achieve these effects remains unknown, as does their mechanism of action. The present study was undertaken to establish whether adaptations in mitochondrial function and stress tolerance in the heart is evident following short- (3 weeks) and long- (14 weeks) term dietary intervention of n−3 PUFAs, and to identify novel mechanisms by which these adaptations occur. Mitochondrial respiration [mO2 (mitochondrial O2)], H2O2 emission [mH2O2 (mitochondrial H2O2)] and Ca2+-retention capacity [mCa2+ (mitochondrial Ca2+)] were assessed in mouse hearts following dietary intervention. Mice fed n−3 PUFAs for 14 weeks showed significantly lower mH2O2 and greater mCa2+ compared with all other groups. However, no significant differences were observed after 3 weeks of the n−3 PUFA diet, or in mice fed on an HFC (high-fat control) diet enriched with vegetable shortening, containing almost no n−3 PUFAs, for 14 weeks. Interestingly, expression and activity of key enzymes involved in antioxidant and phase II detoxification pathways, all mediated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2), were elevated in hearts from mice fed the n−3 PUFA diet, but not hearts from mice fed the HFC diet, even at 3 weeks. This increase in antioxidant systems in hearts from mice fed the n−3 PUFA diet was paralleled by increased levels of 4-hydroxyhexenal protein adducts, an aldehyde formed from peroxidation of n−3 PUFAs. The findings of the present study demonstrate distinct time-dependent effects of n−3 PUFAs on mitochondrial function and antioxidant response systems in the heart. In addition, they are the first to provide direct evidence that non-enzymatic oxidation products of n−3 PUFAs may be driving mitochondrial and redox-mediated adaptations, thereby revealing a novel mechanism for n−3 PUFA action in the heart.

Download Full-text

Volatile concentrate from the neotropical moss Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, existing in the brazilian Amazon

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00736-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thyago G. Miranda ◽

Raynon Joel M. Alves ◽

Ronilson F. de Souza ◽

José Guilherme S. Maia ◽

Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Large Family ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Enzymatic Oxidation ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Metabolic Products ◽

The World ◽

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Many natural compounds have been identified and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation-extraction micro-system, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and reported for the first time. Results Ten compounds were identified in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1-octen-3-ol (35.7%), α-muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n-hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identified in other mosses, and liverworts spread wide in the world. Conclusions 1-Octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan-3-one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species’ chemotaxonomy.

Download Full-text

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Might Reduce Hot Flushes: An Indication From Two Controlled Trials on Soy Isoflavones Alone and With a PUFA Supplement

Yearbook of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women s Health ◽

10.1016/s1090-798x(08)70555-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 385-387

Author(s):

L.P. Shulman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Soy Isoflavones ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Hot Flushes ◽

Pufa Supplement

Download Full-text

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.33450/fpn.2020.06.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 95-106

Author(s):

Agnieszka M. Piróg-Balcerzak ◽

Anna K. Bażyńska ◽

Katarzyna Biernacka ◽

Joanna Brągoszewska ◽

Lidia Popek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Female Adolescent ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Eat 26

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN. Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.

Download Full-text