The Role of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) During Abiotic Stress in Plants

✓ The role of specific neuronal populations in epileptic foci was studied by comparing epileptic and nonepileptic cortex removed from patients with low-grade gliomas. Epileptic and nearby (within 1 to 2 cm) nonepileptic temporal lobe neocortex was identified using electrocorticography. Cortical specimens taken from four patients identified as epileptic and nonepileptic were all void of tumor infiltration. Somatostatin- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic)-immunoreactive neurons were identified and counted. Although there was no significant difference in the overall cell count, the authors found a significant decrease in both somatostatin- and GABAergic-immunoreactive neurons (74% and 51 %, respectively) in the epileptic cortex compared to that in nonepileptic cortex from the same patient. It is suggested that these findings demonstrate changes in neuronal subpopulations that may account for the onset and propagation of epileptiform activity in patients with low-grade gliomas.

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Brain amino acid concentrations during diving and acid-base stress in turtles

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.6.1751 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 1751-1754 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B. M. Hitzig ◽

M. P. Kneussl ◽

V. Shih ◽

R. D. Brandstetter ◽

H. Kazemi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters ◽

Acid Base ◽

Ventilatory Drive ◽

Amino Acid Concentrations ◽

Brain Amino Acid

To assess the role of brain amino acid neurotransmitters in the breath hold of diving animals, concentrations of free amino acids present in the brains of turtles immediately after 2 h of apneic diving (at 20 degrees C) were measured. Additionally, the same measurements were performed on four other groups of animals subjected to 2 h of hypercapnia (8% CO2 in air), anoxia (N2 breathing), anoxia plus hypercapnia (8% CO2–92% N2), or air breathing (control). Significant changes in the concentrations of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters known to affect respiration [gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine] were seen. GABA increased significantly in those animals subjected to anoxia, whereas taurine decreased significantly in the diving animals and increased significantly in those subjected to anoxia plus hypercapnia. These results suggest that the attenuated central ventilatory drive during diving in these animals may be related to alterations in brain concentrations of GABA and taurine.

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The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated inhibition in the response properties of cat lateral geniculate nucleus neurones.

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015514 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 357 (1) ◽

pp. 505-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

N Berardi ◽

M C Morrone

Keyword(s):

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Response Properties ◽

Lateral Geniculate

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Role of cholinergic system in modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine functions in rat brain

Drug Development Research ◽

10.1002/ddr.430060106 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. K. Rastogi ◽

R. B. Rastogi ◽

R. L. Singhal ◽

Y. D. Lapierre

Keyword(s):

Rat Brain ◽

Cholinergic System ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

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NEUROTRANSMITTER AND BRAIN PARTS INVOLVED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Ashwani Arya ◽

Gulshan Sindhwani ◽

Renu Kadian

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Cognitive Symptoms ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Atypical Symptoms ◽

Impaired Attention ◽

Brain Parts ◽

Pathogenic Process

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a major debilitating, complex, and costly illness that strikes 1% of the world’s population. It is characterized by three general types of symptoms: Atypical symptoms (aggressiveness, agitation, delusions, hallucinations), depressive symptoms (alogia, avolition, anhedonia, apathy), and cognitive symptoms (impaired attention, learning, memory). The etiology of SCZ has still not been fully understood. Alteration in various neurochemical systems such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate are involved in the pathophysiology of SCZ. The lack of understanding regarding the exact pathogenic process may be the likely a reason for the non-availability of effective treatment, which can prevent onset and progression of the SCZ. The tools of modern neuroscience, drawing from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, brain imaging, and psychopharmacology, promise to provide a host of new insights into the etiology and treatment of SCZ. In this review, we will discuss the role of the various neurotransmitter concerned and brain parts exaggerated in the SCZ.

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Putrescine, a source of γ-aminobutyric acid in the adrenal gland of the rat

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2510559 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 251 (2) ◽

pp. 559-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P C Caron ◽

L J Cote ◽

L T Kremzner

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Diamine Oxidase ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Turnover Time ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gaba Concentration ◽

The Brain

Putrescine is the major source of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rat adrenal gland. Diamine oxidase, and not monoamine oxidase, is essential for GABA formation from putrescine in the adrenal gland. Aminoguanidine, a diamine oxidase inhibitor, decreases the GABA concentration in the adrenal gland by more than 70% after 4 h, and almost to zero in 24 h. Studies using [14C]putrescine confirm that [14C]GABA is the major metabolite of putrescine in the adrenal gland. Inhibition of GABA transaminase by amino-oxyacetic acid does not change the GABA concentration in the adrenal gland, as compared with the brain, where the GABA concentration rises. With aminoguanidine, the turnover time of GABA originating from putrescine in the adrenal gland is 5.6 h, reflecting a slower rate of GABA metabolism compared with the brain. Since GABA in the adrenal gland is almost exclusively derived from putrescine, the role of GABA may relate to the role of putrescine as a growth factor and regulator of cell metabolism.

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Regulatory role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in pituitary hormone secretion

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/0306-4530(82)90052-x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alan N. Elias ◽

Lubomir J. Valenta ◽

Agnes V. Szekeres ◽

Marshall K. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Hormone Secretion ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Pituitary Hormone ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

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Understanding the predisposing risk factors of young suicide

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4530

Author(s):

Rashmi Wardhan ◽

Padmshree Mudgal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Insight Into ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Suicide is an unfortunate multifactorial problem impacting families and communities. Many young lives are lost every year due to suicide. There is an urgent need to understand the multifactorial risk factor mechanisms providing vulnerability to suicidal behavior for early detection of impending incidents, monitoring, and prevention. This review aims to give an insight into the various biochemical and genetic markers along with the associated socio-economic factors and mental disorders which contribute to increased suicide risk. The role of different neurotransmitter-associated pathways such as serotonin, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and norepinephrine pathway, and pathways involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, lipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation in suicide ideation and risk have been explored. Understanding of these predisposing factors and associated pathways could help identify the risk and lead to the development of drugs/ treatment to prevent suicides.

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