Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, and Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity Index in Nonobese, Nondiabetic Subjects with High-Normal Blood Pressure

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between risk factors related to overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, lipid tolerance, hypertension, endothelial function and genetic polymorphisms associated with: i) appetite regulation (leptin, melanocortin-3-receptor (MCR-3), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)); ii) adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γThe 122 members of 40 obese Caucasian families from southern Poland participated in the study. The genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) or by direct sequencing. Phenotypes related to obesity (body mass index (BMI), fat/lean body mass composition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting lipids, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (4 points within 2 hours) and during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) (5 points within 8 hours) were assessed. The insulin sensitivity indexes: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index, hepatic insulin sensitivity and early secretory response to an oral glucose load (HOMA-IR, ISI-COMP, ISI-HOMA and DELTA) were calculated.The single gene mutations such as CWe conclude that the polymorphisms we investigated were weakly correlated with obesity but significantly modified the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

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Sex-dependent nutritional programming: fish oil intake during early pregnancy in rats reduces age-dependent insulin resistance in male, but not female, offspring

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00392.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (4) ◽

pp. R313-R320 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Fatima L. C. Sardinha ◽

Flavia S. Fernandes ◽

Maria G. Tavares do Carmo ◽

Emilio Herrera

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Adult Life ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Model Assessment

Prenatal and early postnatal nutritional status may predispose offspring to impaired glucose tolerance and changes in insulin sensitivity in adult life. The long-term consequences of changes in maternal dietary fatty acid composition were determined in rats. From day 1 until day 12 of pregnancy, rats were given isocaloric diets containing 9% nonvitamin fat based on soybean, olive, fish (FO), linseed, or palm oil. Thereafter, they were maintained on the standard diet; offspring were studied at different ages. Body weight at 4, 8, and 12 mo and lumbar adipose tissue and liver weights at 12 mo did not differ between females on the different diets, whereas in males the corresponding values were all lower in the offspring from the FO group compared with the other dietary groups. Plasma glucose concentrations (both basal and after an oral glucose load) did not change with sex or dietary group, but plasma insulin concentrations were lower in females than in males and, in males, were lowest in the FO group. Similar relations were found with both the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, the intake of more n–3 fatty acids (FO diet) during early pregnancy reduced both fat accretion and age-related decline in insulin sensitivity in male offspring but not in females. It is proposed that the lower adiposity caused by the increased n–3 fatty acids during the intrauterine life was responsible of the lower insulin resistance in male offspring.

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Aldosterone Production and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Adults

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2009-2521 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 1986-1990 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Rajesh Garg ◽

Shelley Hurwitz ◽

Gordon H. Williams ◽

Paul N. Hopkins ◽

Gail K. Adler

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Aldosterone Level ◽

Aldosterone Production

Abstract Context: Aldosterone production is associated with insulin resistance in obese and hypertensive subjects. However, its effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects is not clear. Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased aldosterone production is associated with lower insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. Design: This is an analysis of data previously collected during studies conducted as part of the International Hypertensive Pathotype Consortium. Participants and Interventions: Eighty-four subjects free of any medical or psychiatric illness were included in this study. They were studied after 7 d of a standardized high-sodium diet confirmed by 24-h urine sodium above 200 mEq. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated after a 75-g oral glucose load with glucose and insulin measurements at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. Serum aldosterone levels were measured after 45 min of angiotensin II (3 ng/kg/min) infusion. Results: There were significant negative correlations between ISI and age, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone level (P < 0.01). On multivariate regression analysis, stimulated aldosterone level was an independent predictor of ISI after adjusting for age, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure. Stimulated aldosterone level predicted 8% of the variance in ISI (P = 0.003) with age, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure together predicting 23% of the variance in ISI. Thus, the final regression model predicted 31% of the variance in ISI (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Aldosterone production is associated with insulin resistance in normotensive healthy subjects independent of traditional risk factors.

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Basal plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) are indicators of insulin sensitivity in cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jfms.2004.12.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 183-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

DJ Appleton ◽

JS Rand ◽

GD Sunvold

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Minimal Model ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Body Weights ◽

Basal Plasma

The objective of this study was to compare simpler indices of insulin sensitivity with the minimal model-derived insulin sensitivity index to identify a simple and reliable alternative method for assessing insulin sensitivity in cats. In addition, we aimed to determine whether this simpler measure or measures showed consistency of association across differing body weights and glucose tolerance levels. Data from glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests performed in 32 cats with varying body weights (underweight to obese), including seven cats with impaired glucose tolerance, were used to assess the relationship between Bergman's minimal model-derived insulin sensitivity index ( SI), and various simpler measures of insulin sensitivity. The most useful overall predictors of insulin sensitivity were basal plasma insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), which is the product of basal glucose and insulin concentrations divided by 22.5. It is concluded that measurement of plasma insulin concentrations in cats with food withheld for 24 h, in conjunction with HOMA, could be used in clinical research projects and by practicing veterinarians to screen for reduced insulin sensitivity in cats. Such cats may be at increased risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early detection of these cats would enable preventative intervention programs such as weight reduction, increased physical activity and dietary modifications to be instigated.

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PSVIII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Variability in body composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in growing-finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 350-351

Author(s):

Hector H Salgado ◽

Aline Remus ◽

Marie-Pierre Letourneau-Montminy ◽

Candido Pomar

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Growing pigs’ body composition variation can be associated with differences in insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect on protein and lipid synthesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate this association by relating the individual insulin response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the body composition of growing pigs. Thirty 95 kg jugular vein catheterized pigs received an oral dose of 1.75 g of glucose/kg of BW after 18 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300 and 360 min following glucose ingestion. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated and analyzed. Body lipids (LB, %) and protein (PB, %) composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry. Association between body composition and insulin sensitivity were studied by using partial least squares and correlations. Average LB and PB were 19.7% (CV = 7.6 %) and 16.2% (CV = 2.2%), respectively. Basal insulin blood concentration and area-under-the-curve (AUC) CV (51.9 % and 26.9 %, respectively) were larger than those for basal glucose and AUC (5.52 and 5.48 %, respectively). Additionally, insulin sensitivity (%S), steady-state beta cell function (%B), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA 2) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were highly variable between pigs which CV ranged from 30.1 % to 54.5 %. These results can indicate an early stage of insulin resistance in an important part of the studied pig population. LB and PB were affected by insulin sensitivity indexes (P < 0.05) which accounted, respectively, for 48% and 44% of the observed variation. In conclusion, lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher body fat in growing pigs raised under similar conditions.

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Measurement of bioactive osteocalcin in humans using a novel immunoassay reveals association with glucose metabolism and β-cell function

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00321.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (3) ◽

pp. E381-E391 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Julie Lacombe ◽

Omar Al Rifai ◽

Lorraine Loter ◽

Thomas Moran ◽

Anne-Frédérique Turcotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Cell Function ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Β Cell

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In serum, OCN exists in carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms (ucOCN), and studies in rodents suggest that ucOCN is the bioactive form of this hormone. Whether this is also the case in humans is unclear, because a reliable assay to measure ucOCN is not available. Here, we established and validated a new immunoassay (ELISA) measuring human ucOCN and used it to determine the level of bioactive OCN in two cohorts of overweight or obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ELISA could specifically detect ucOCN concentrations ranging from 0.037 to 1.8 ng/mL. In a first cohort of overweight or obese postmenopausal women without diabetes ( n = 132), ucOCN correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = −0.18, P = 0.042) and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.18, P = 0.038) and positively with insulin sensitivity assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.18, P = 0.043) or insulin sensitivity index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.26, P = 0.003). In a second cohort of subjects with severe obesity ( n = 16), ucOCN was found to be lower in subjects with T2D compared with those without T2D (2.76 ± 0.38 versus 4.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P = 0.009) and to negatively correlate with fasting glucose (r = −0.50, P = 0.046) and glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.57, P = 0.021). Moreover, the subjects with ucOCN levels below 3 ng/mL had a reduced insulin secretion rate during a hyperglycemic clamp ( P = 0.03). In conclusion, ucOCN measured with this novel and specific assay is inversely associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in humans.

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Inflammatory markers predict insulin sensitivity in active rheumatoid arthritis but not in psoriatic arthritis

Reumatismo ◽

10.4081/reumatismo.2018.1061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Bellan ◽

S. Bor ◽

A. Gibbin ◽

A. Gualerzi ◽

S. Favretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index

Whether the insulin resistance commonly observed in patients with inflammatory arthritis is a disease-specific feature and/or is limited to a disease phase (i.e., it occurs only during phases of high disease activity) is unknown. Fifty-three rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 44 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients were recruited consecutively along with 194 controls matched for age, sex and body mass index for a case-control study. All underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, the results of which were analysed to derive the following indexes: homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and early insulin sensitivity index (EISI). These data were related to anthropometric, clinical and laboratory findings. Metabolic parameters of patients and controls were similar. Neither inflammatory markers nor disease activity scores were related to glucose metabolism for the generality of RA and PsA patients; however, by restricting the analysis to the subset of RA patients with residual disease activity, an association emerged between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, on the one hand, and fasting insulin (β=0.46, p=0.047) and HOMA-IR (β=0.44, p=0.02), on the other. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with plasma glucose and insulin levels measured 120 min after the glucose load (β=0.91, p=0.0003 and β=0.77, p=0.0006, respectively); ISI and EISI were predicted by CRP (β=-0.79, p=0.0006; β=-0.80, p=0.0001, respectively). The same did not hold true for PsA patients. The association between systemic inflammation and insulin resistance indexes is a feature of RA with residual disease activity, not a universal feature of inflammatory arthritides.

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Modification and Validation of the Triglyceride-to–HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Surrogate of Insulin Sensitivity in White Juveniles and Adults without Diabetes Mellitus: The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE)

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2016.257436 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 1211-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Katharina Paulmichl ◽

Mensud Hatunic ◽

Kurt Højlund ◽

Aleksandra Jotic ◽

Michael Krebs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Single Point ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Sensitivity Indices

Abstract BACKGROUND The triglyceride-to–HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was introduced as a tool to estimate insulin resistance, because circulating lipid measurements are available in routine settings. Insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids are components of other insulin-sensitivity indices but their measurement is expensive. Easier and more affordable tools are of interest for both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS Study participants from the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease [43.9 (8.3) years, n = 1260] as well as the Beta-Cell Function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity study cohorts [15 (1.9) years, n = 29] underwent oral-glucose-tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp tests for estimation of whole-body insulin sensitivity and calculation of insulin sensitivity indices. To refine the TG/HDL ratio, mathematical modeling was applied including body mass index (BMI), fasting TG, and HDL cholesterol and compared to the clamp-derived M-value as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Each modeling result was scored by identifying insulin resistance and correlation coefficient. The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) was compared to traditional insulin sensitivity indices using area under the ROC curve (aROC) analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS The novel formula for SPISE was computed as follows: SPISE = 600 × HDL-C0.185/(TG0.2 × BMI1.338), with fasting HDL-C (mg/dL), fasting TG concentrations (mg/dL), and BMI (kg/m2). A cutoff value of 6.61 corresponds to an M-value smaller than 4.7 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (aROC, M:0.797). SPISE showed a significantly better aROC than the TG/HDL-C ratio. SPISE aROC was comparable to the Matsuda ISI (insulin sensitivity index) and equal to the QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance) when calculated with M-values. CONCLUSIONS The SPISE seems well suited to surrogate whole-body insulin sensitivity from inexpensive fasting single-point blood draw and BMI in white adolescents and adults.

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A Chinese Herbal Decoction, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, Prepared from Radix Astragali and RadixAngelicae sinensis, Ameliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by A High-Fructose Diet in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

I-Min Liu ◽

Thing-Fong Tzeng ◽

Shorong-Shii Liou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Radix Astragali

Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (DBT), a Chinese medicinal decoction contains RadixAngelicae sinensis(Danggui) and Radix Astragali (Huangqi) at a ratio of 1 : 5, is used commonly for treating women's ailments. This study was conducted to explore the effects of this preparation on insulin resistance in rats fed with 6-week diet containing 60% fructose. Similar to the action of rosiglitazone (4 mg kg-1per day by an oral administration), repeated oral administration of DBT (2.5 g kg-1per day) for 14 days was found to significantly alleviate the hyperglycemia but made no influence on plasma lipid profiles nor weight gain in fructose chow-fed rats. Also, the higher degree of insulin resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance in fructose chow-fed rats was significantly decreased by repeated DBT treatment. DBT displays the characteristic of rosiglitazone by increasing the whole-body insulin sensitivity in fructose chow-fed rats after 2-week treatment, as evidenced by the marked elevation of composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index during the oral glucose tolerance test. DBT improves insulin sensitivity through increased post-receptor insulin signaling mediated by enhancements in insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase step and glucose transporter subtype 4 translocation in soleus muscles of animals exhibiting insulin resistance. DBT is therefore proposed as potentially useful adjuvant therapy for patients with insulin resistance and/or the patients who wish to increase insulin sensitivity.

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