scholarly journals Comparison of a Low-Fat Diet to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Risk Factors for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Free-Living, Overweight Men and Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2717-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Meckling ◽  
Caitriona O’Sullivan ◽  
Dayna Saari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Weight loss leads to reductions in inflammatory biomarkers after a very-low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet in overweight men

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. SHARMAN ◽  
Jeff S. VOLEK
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

In recent years, it has become apparent that low-grade vascular inflammation plays a key role in all stages of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Weight loss has been shown to improve blood inflammatory markers; however, it is unknown if weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient composition differentially affect inflammatory responses. The primary purpose of the present study was to compare a very-low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat weight-loss diet on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight men. In a randomized cross-over design, 15 overweight men (body fat, >25%; body mass index, 34 kg/m2) consumed two experimental weight-loss diets for two consecutive 6-week periods: a very-low-carbohydrate diet (<10% energy via carbohydrate) and a low-fat diet (<30% energy via fat). Both the low-fat and the very-low-carbohydrate diets resulted in significant decreases in absolute concentrations of hsTNF-α (high-sensitivity tumour necrosis factor-α), hsIL-6 (high-sensitivity interleukin-6), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1). There was no significant change in absolute sP-selectin (soluble P-selectin) concentrations after either diet. Normalized inflammatory values represented as the delta change per 1 kg reduction in body mass showed a significant difference between the two diets only for sP-selectin (P<0.05). In summary, energy-restricted low-fat and very-low-carbohydrate diets both significantly decreased several biomarkers of inflammation. These data suggest that, in the short-term, weight loss is primarily the driving force underlying the reductions in most of the inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjuan Gu ◽  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Xiaojing Ma ◽  
Junxi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Obese Subjects

Aim. To investigate the effects of weight loss during an 8-week very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) on improvement of metabolic parameters, adipose distribution and body composition, and insulin resistance and sensitivity in Chinese obese subjects.Methods. Fifty-three healthy obese volunteers were given an 8-week VLCD. The outcomes were changes in anthropometry, body composition, metabolic profile, abdominal fat distribution, liver fat percent (LFP), and insulin resistance and sensitivity.Results. A total of 46 (86.8%) obese subjects completed the study. The VLCD caused a weight loss of−8.7±0.6 kg (mean ± standard error (SE),P<0.0001) combined with a significant improvement of metabolic profile. In both male and female, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) significantly decreased (−166.2±47.6 μmol/L,P=0.001) andβ-hydroxybutyric acid (BHA) increased (0.15±0.06 mmol/L,P=0.004) after eight weeks of VLCD intervention. The significant reductions in subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and LFP were−66.5±7.9 cm2,−35.3±3.9 cm2, and−16.4±2.4%, respectively (allPvaluesP<0.0001). HOMA IR and HOMAβsignificantly decreased while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) increased (allPvaluesP<0.001).Conclusion. Eight weeks of VLCD was an effective intervention in obese subjects. These beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced hepatic and whole-body lipolysis and oxidation.

scholarly journals A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs Orlistat Plus a Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Yancy ◽  
Eric C. Westman ◽  
Jennifer R. McDuffie ◽  
Steven C. Grambow ◽  
Amy S. Jeffreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Effect of weight loss by a low-fat diet and a low-carbohydrate diet on peptide YY levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Essah ◽  
J R Levy ◽  
S N Sistrun ◽  
S M Kelly ◽  
J E Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Implementation and evaluation of a weight-reduction programme for diabetic patients at a primary health care facility in the Western Cape: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Adil Razak ◽  
Abdul Aziez Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background: Diabetes is a common non-communicable disease and complications are resulting in increased disability, reduced life expectancy and enormous health costs for virtually every society. Medical Nutrition Therapy is important for the prevention, treatment, and self-management of diabetes, and the prevention or delay in onset of diabetes-related complications. The current nutritional guidelines for diabetes state that carbohydrates should comprise 45–60% of the total nutritional intake and that lowcarbohydrate or high-protein diets offer no long-term success over healthy eating plans. Recent studies suggest that there may be merit in using low-carbohydrate diets in diabetic patients for weight reduction and improved cardiovascular markers. This study aimed to implement and evaluate a pilot programme for weight loss in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients by comparing a low-carbohydrate diet with the conventional low-fat diet. Methods: The study design was that of a two-group parallel design, with one group following a low-fat diet and the other a low-carbohydrate diet. Diabetic patients attending the Mitchell’s Plain Community Health Centre in Cape Town were recruited, with 10 participants in each group. Both groups received similar advice on exercise and behaviour change. Changes in weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and blood parameters (creatinine, lipids and HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and again after 12 weeks. Results: There were reductions in weight (1.85 kg vs. 0.1 kg gain) and HbA1c (1.72 vs. 0.32) in the low-carbohydrate diet group when compared with the low-fat diet group. No significant change was seen in other parameters including BP, total cholesterol and serum creatinine for either group. Conclusion: Low-carbohydrate diets may be effective in promoting weight loss and improving glucose control in diabetic patients. Implementation of this programme would require a paradigm shift for staff and further studies to assess its acceptability for patients. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1329490

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