scholarly journals Assessment of Adiponectin and Leptin as Biomarkers of Positive Metabolic Outcomes after Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 3051-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Cambuli ◽  
M. Cristina Musiu ◽  
Michela Incani ◽  
Monica Paderi ◽  
Roberto Serpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Abstract Background: A number of metabolic changes are caused by childhood obesity, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. To counteract them, lifestyle modification with changes in dietary habits and physical activity is the primary intervention. Anthropometric parameters may not identify all positive changes associated with lifestyle modifications, whereas circulating adipokines may represent an alternative as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin and leptin levels as markers of positive metabolic outcomes in childhood obesity. Methods: Changes in clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters, including adiponectin and leptin, were assessed in 104 overweight and obese children before and after 1 yr of lifestyle intervention. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the Italian body mass index reference tables for age and sex. Fifty-four normal-weight children were evaluated as controls. Forty-eight of the children (47.5%) returned for follow-up at 1 yr. Results: Compared with normal-weight children, overweight and obese subjects differed significantly at baseline for glycemia, insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, adiponectinemia (5.8 vs. 18.2 μg/ml in controls), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. These parameters were all higher in the overweight/obese children. At follow-up, most parameters improved in overweight/obese children. The most significant changes were observed in adiponectin concentration, which increased by 245% (P < 0.0001), reaching the levels observed in normal-weight children. Leptin levels showed changes unrelated to positive metabolic outcomes, remaining high at 1 yr of follow-up in overweight/obese children. Regardless of changes in weight status, children with lifestyle intervention reported changes in homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and in adiponectin that were associated with loss of fat mass. Conclusions: After lifestyle intervention, adiponectin increased regardless of changes in weight, whereas no consistent changes was observed in serum leptin. Therefore, circulating adiponectin may represent a good biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese children.

scholarly journals Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome at baseline of a multicentric Brazilian cohort: ELSA-Brasil study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander Diniz ◽  
Alline Maria Rezende Beleigoli ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Antônio Luiz P. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Brazilian Cohort ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method to measure insulin resistance. HOMA-IR cut-offs for identifying metabolic syndrome might vary across populations and body mass index (BMI) levels. We aimed to investigate HOMA-insulin resistance cut-offs that best discriminate individuals with insulin resistance and with metabolic syndrome for each BMI category in a large sample of adults without diabetes in the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Among the 12,313 participants with mean age of 51.2 (SD 8.9) years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.6%, and 60.1% had overweight or obesity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among normal weight, overweight and obesity categories were, respectively, 13%, 43.2% and 60.7%. The point of maximum combined sensitivity and specificity of HOMA-IR to discriminate the metabolic syndrome was 2.35 in the whole sample, with increasing values at higher BMI categories. This investigation contributes to better understanding HOMA-IR values associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a large Brazilian adult sample, and that use of cut-off points according to ROC curve may be the better strategy. It also suggests that different values might be appropriate across BMI categories.

scholarly journals Dietary determinants of hepatic fat content and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children: a cross-sectional analysis of the Prevention of Diabetes in Kids (PREDIKID) study

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1158-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lide Arenaza ◽  
María Medrano ◽  
Maddi Oses ◽  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Ignacio Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Hepatic Fat

AbstractPaediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has increased in parallel with childhood obesity. Dietary habits, particularly products rich in sugars, may influence both hepatic fat and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). The aim of the study was to examine the association of the consumption of foods and food components, dairy desserts and substitutes (DDS), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), as well as total and added sugars, with hepatic fat and HOMA-IR. Dietary intake (two non-consecutive 24 h-recalls), hepatic fat (MRI) and HOMA-IR were assessed in 110 overweight/obese children (10·6 (sd 1·1) years old). Linear regression analyses were used to examine the association of dietary intake with hepatic fat and HOMA-IR adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age, energy intake, maternal educational level, total and abdominal adiposity and sugar intake). The results showed that there was a negative association between cereal intake and hepatic fat (β=–0·197, P<0·05). In contrast, both SSB consumption (β=0·217; P=0·028) and sugar in SSB (β=0·210, P=0·035), but not DDS or sugar in DDS or other dietary components, were positively associated with hepatic fat regardless of potential confounders including total sugar intake. In conclusion, cereal intake might decrease hepatic fat, whereas SSB consumption and its sugar content may increase the likelihood of having hepatic steatosis. Although these observations need to be confirmed using experimental evidence, these results suggest that healthy lifestyle intervention programs are needed to improve dietary habits as well as to increase the awareness of the detrimental effects of SSB consumption early in life.

Insulin resistance and lung function in obese asthmatic pre-pubertal children

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Di Filippo ◽  
Alessandra Scaparrotta ◽  
Daniele Rapino ◽  
Tommaso de Giorgis ◽  
Marianna Immacolata Petrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Insulin Resistant

AbstractBackground:Recent findings have supposed that the underlying association between the increased prevalence of both asthma and obesity may be insulin resistance (IR).Methods:Insulin and glucose serum levels were analyzed to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for IR in 98 pre-pubertal children. Lung function and allergy status evaluation were performed. The study population was divided into four groups: (1) obese asthmatic children (ObA); (2) normal-weight asthmatic children (NwA); (3) normal-weight non-asthmatic children (Nw) and (4) obese non-asthmatic children (Ob).Results:Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was slightly lower in obese subjects compared with normal-weight subjects and forced vital capacity (FVC) appeared lower in asthmatics, whereas between non-asthmatics subjects, it was lower in the obese group than in the normal-weight one. The post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flows (FEF) between 50% and 25% of the FVC (FEF50and FEF25) between ObA and Nw and in FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF50and FEF25between NwA and Nw, but no statistically significant differences of lung function parameters were observed between ObA and NwA. We found an inverse relationship between HOMA-IR and all spirometric parameters, although without any statistical significance. We also observed a significantly lower FVC in insulin-resistant children (HOMA-IR>95th percentile) (p=0.03).Conclusions:This study suggests that lung function could be early altered in obese children, already in pre-pubertal age. Although IR should not manifest its effects on lungs in pre-pubertal obese children, the prevention or treatment of obesity in the pre-pubertal period may prevent definitive negative effects on lungs.

scholarly journals Using Metabolomic Profiles as Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance in Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Chenglin Sun ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Branched Chain

A growing body of evidence has shown the intimate relationship between metabolomic profiles and insulin resistance (IR) in obese adults, while little is known about childhood obesity. In this review, we searched available papers addressing metabolomic profiles and IR in obese children from inception to February 2016 on MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMASE. HOMA-IR was applied as surrogate markers of IR and related metabolic disorders at both baseline and follow-up. To minimize selection bias, two investigators independently completed this work. After critical selection, 10 studies (including 2,673 participants) were eligible and evaluated by using QUADOMICS for quality assessment. Six of the 10 studies were classified as “high quality.” Then we generated all the metabolites identified in each study and found amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were the main affected metabolic pathways in obese children. Among identified metabolites, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and acylcarnitines were reported to be associated with IR as biomarkers most frequently. Additionally, BCAAs and tyrosine seemed to be relevant to future metabolic risk in the long-term follow-up cohorts, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and prevention strategy. Because of limited scale and design heterogeneity of existing studies, future studies might focus on validating above findings in more large-scale and longitudinal studies with elaborate design.

scholarly journals Associations of Adiposity from Childhood into Adulthood with Insulin Resistance and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System: 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3287-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Martin ◽  
Jeff M. P. Holly ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
David Gunnell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding

Abstract Context: One metabolic pathway through which adiposity influences disease risk may be via alterations in insulin and IGF metabolism. Objective: Our objective was to investigate associations of adiposity at different stages of life with insulin and the IGF system. Design, Setting, and Participants: The study was a 65-yr follow-up of 728 Boyd Orr cohort participants (mean age, 71 yr) originally surveyed between 1937 and 1939. Main Outcomes: Outcomes included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total IGF-I and IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2, and IGFBP-3 in adulthood. Results: Childhood body mass index (BMI) was weakly inversely related to adult IGF-I (coefficient per BMI sd, −3.4 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval, −7.3 to 0.5; P = 0.09). IGF-II (but not IGF-I) increased with higher current fat mass index (coefficient, 26.1 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval, 4.6 to 47.6; P = 0.02) and waist-hip ratio (30.0 ng/ml; 9.4 to 50.5; P = 0.004). IGFBP-2 decreased by 21.2% (17.2 to 24.9; P &lt; 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increased by 38.8% (28.9 to 49.6; P &lt; 0.001) per sd higher adult BMI. Among thin adults (BMI tertiles 1 and 2), IGFBP-2 was positively, and insulin resistance was inversely, associated with childhood BMI. Conclusion: There was only weak evidence that associations of childhood BMI with chronic disease risk may be mediated by adult IGF-I levels. Circulating IGFBP-2 in adulthood, a marker for insulin sensitivity, was inversely associated with current adiposity, but overweight children who became relatively lean adults were more insulin sensitive than thinner children. The findings may indicate programming of later insulin sensitivity and consequently IGFBP-2 levels in response to childhood adiposity. The role of IGF-II in obesity-related chronic diseases warrants additional investigation.

scholarly journals Acylated and nonacylated ghrelin levels and their associations with insulin resistance in obese and normal weight children with metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Pacifico ◽  
Eleonora Poggiogalle ◽  
Francesco Costantino ◽  
Caterina Anania ◽  
Flavia Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGhrelin, a peptide mainly derived from the stomach, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism, and storage, as well as in insulin sensitivity. Ghrelin circulates in acylated (A-Ghr) and nonacylated (NA-Ghr) forms, and their potential differential associations with insulin resistance (IR) in childhood obesity remain undefined.ObjectiveWe investigated the associations of ghrelin forms with IR in normal weight and obese children and the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on their plasma values.DesignA total of 210 children in four subgroups of normal weight/obese children with and without components of MS were studied. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and acylated and total ghrelin were examined. IR was determined by a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of IR.ResultsIn the entire population, plasma insulin and HOMA-IR were associated negatively with T-Ghr and NA-Ghr, but positively with the ratio of A/NA-Ghr after adjustment for age, gender, and Tanner stage. Obese metabolically abnormal children had lower T-Ghr and NA-Ghr, but comparable A-Ghr and a higher A/NA-Ghr ratio than obese metabolically normal subjects. Compared with lean healthy children, lean metabolically abnormal subjects had higher A-Ghr and the A/NA-Ghr ratio, but comparable T-Ghr and NA-Ghr. A multiple regression analysis showed that A-Ghr and the A/NA-Ghr ratios were positively associated with HOMA-IR, independent of age, gender, Tanner stage, and body mass index (or waist circumference) and other components of MS.ConclusionsA-Ghr excess may negatively modulate insulin action in obese and nonobese children, and may contribute to the association of IR and MS.

scholarly journals Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. R552-R557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Roberts ◽  
Ali Izadpanah ◽  
Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽  
R. James Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenotypic Changes

Lifestyle intervention programs currently emphasize weight loss secondary to obesity as the primary determinant of phenotypic changes. We examined whether the effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention program differ in normal-weight versus overweight/obese children. Nineteen overweight/obese (O; BMI = 33.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and 14 normal-weight (N; BMI = 19.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2) children participated in a 2-wk program consisting of an ad libitum high-fiber, low-fat diet and daily exercise (2–2.5 h). Fasting serum samples were taken pre- and postintervention for determination of lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines. Only the O group lost weight (3.9%) but remained overweight/obese (32.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2). Both groups exhibited significant intervention-induced decreases ( P < 0.05) in serum insulin (N: 52.5% vs. O: 28.1%; between groups, P = 0.38), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (N: 53.1% vs. O: 28.4%, P = 0.43), leptin (N: 69.3% vs. O: 44.1%, P = 0.10), amylin (N: 28.7% vs. O: 26.1%, P = 0.80), resistin (N: 40.0% vs. O: 35.1%, P = 0.99), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (N: 30.8% vs. O: 25.6%, P = 0.59), IL-6 (N: 58.8% vs. O: 48.5%, P = 0.78), IL-8 (N: 46.0% vs. O: 42.2%, P = 0.49), and TNFα (N: 45.8% vs. O: 40.8%, P = 0.99). No associations between indices of weight change and phenotypic changes were noted. A short-term, intensive lifestyle modification program is effective in ameliorating metabolic risk factors in N and O children. These results suggest that obesity per se was not the primary driver of the phenotypes noted and that dietary intake and physical inactivity induce the phenotypic abnormalities. These data may have implications for the weight loss-independent management of cardiometabolic risk in pediatric populations.

Relation of fetuin A levels with cardiac, subcutaneous lipid accumulation and insulin resistance parameters in Turkish obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Şamil Hızlı ◽  
Ayhan Abacı ◽  
Osman Özdemir ◽  
Zülfikar Akelma ◽  
Okhan Akın
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Cardiac Lipid ◽  
Obesity Complications

AbstractFetuin A is an inhibitor of insulin action and have been found to be related with subcutaneous lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. The relation of cardiac lipid accumulation, fetuin A and insulin resistance parameters in obese children is not well-known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation of serum fetuin A levels with subcutaneous and cardiac lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance parameters in Turkish obese children.Serum fetuin A levels, cardiac and subcutaneous lipid accumulation parameters of 42 obese (10.9±2.3 years, 19 female) and 40 control group subjects (11.2±2.7) were compared. Cardiac lipid accumulation measured by subepicardial adipose tissue thickness. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index.There were significant correlations serum fetuin A levels with BMI-SDS, circumferences of waist, hip and midarm, SATT and HOMA-IR (r=0.362, p=0.018, r=0.728, p=0.001, r=0.662, p=0.0001, r=0.713, p=0.0001, r=0.477, p=0.001, and r=0.330, p=0.038 as, respectively).Fetuin A was correlated well with cardiac and subcutaneous lipid accumulation, insulin resistance parameters, which may be related with early pathogenetic mechanisms of metabolic obesity complications in children.

scholarly journals Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Microbiota in Obese ChiLdrEn: A Pilot Study. (The DAMOCLE Study)

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Matilde Amatruda ◽  
Sara Vizzuso ◽  
Valentina Fabiano ◽  
Elisa Borghi ◽  
Gian VIncenzo Zuccotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract: Obesity is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic alterations including insulin resistance. Recent researches suggested that gut microbiota plays a role in its pathogenesis. Obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/R ratio) compared to normal‐weight condition. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of 4 months algae DHA supplementation, combined with dietary and habits education, on gut microbiota composition and biochemical parameters of 12 caucasian obese children. Anthropometric measures, metabolic profile and gut microbiota analysis trough stool samples were assessed at baseline (t0), after 4 months DHA supplementation plus diet-lifestyle intervention (t1), and lastly after additional 4 months of dietary dietary-lifestyle intervention without DHA supplementation (t2). No significant improvement in dietary habits nor in metabolic profile was found after the intervention, while a significant lowering of F/R ratio was observed from t0 to t1 and even more evident at t2 control.

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