scholarly journals A Screening Study of Thyroid Cancer and Other Thyroid Diseases among Individuals Exposed in Utero to Iodine-131 from Chernobyl Fallout

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hatch ◽  
A. Brenner ◽  
T. Bogdanova ◽  
A. Derevyanko ◽  
N. Kuptsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Iodine 131

Abstract Background: Like stable iodine, radioiodines concentrate in the thyroid gland, increasing thyroid cancer risk in exposed children. Data on exposure to the embryonic/fetal thyroid are rare, raising questions about use of iodine 131 (I-131) in pregnant women. We present here estimated risks of thyroid disease from exposure in utero to I-131 fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional thyroid screening study (palpation, ultrasound, thyroid hormones, and, if indicated, fine needle aspiration) from 2003 to 2006. Participants were 2582 mother-child pairs from Ukraine in which the mother had been pregnant at the time of the accident on April 26, 1986, or 2 months after the time during which I-131 fallout was still present (1494 from contaminated areas, 1088 in the comparison group). Individual cumulative in utero thyroid dose estimates were derived from estimated I-131 activity in the mother’s thyroid (mean 72 mGy; range 0–3230 mGy). Results: There were seven cases of thyroid carcinoma and one case of Hurthle cell neoplasm identified as a result of the screening. Whereas the estimated excess odds ratio per gray for thyroid carcinoma was elevated (excess odds ratio per gray 11.66), it was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). No radiation risks were identified for other thyroid diseases. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in utero exposure to radioiodines may have increased the risk of thyroid carcinoma approximately 20 yr after the Chernobyl accident, supporting a conservative approach to medical uses of I-131 during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Research on Clinical, Subclinical Characteristic of Incidental Thyroid Nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A870-A870
Author(s):  
Bay Quang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Abstract Background: Incidental thyroid nodules has become more prevalent in recent years due to applying diagnostic imaging tests. Many studies show that the rate of thyroid cancer in this group of patients is relatively high. Objective: To assess patients with incidentally detected thyroid nodules, including those who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, which involved 208 patients with 389 thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound. All patients have thyroid function tests. 272 nodules were performed fine-needle aspiration. Patients with thyroid cancer were assessed histopathology after removal. Results: The participants’ mean age was 47.22 ± 12.02. The female / male ratio is 6.7/1. No patients had history of head and neck irradiation or living in epidemiological areas with high prevalence of goiter. TSH level: 96.2% normal, 2.4% low, 1.4% high. In thyroid cancer group: 100% of patients had normal thyroid function. Nodule characteristics on ultrasound: Majority of thyroid nodules had diameters less than 1.5 cm (85.6%), multi-nodularity(52.9%). The largest carcinoma nodule was 2.35 cm, 22.2% of patients with thyroid cancer had ≥ 3 nodules. The malignancy rate of TIRADS 5 was 70.6%. FNA results of 272 thyroid nodules: the majority were Bethesda II (74,2%); the incidence of carcinoma (Bethesda V, VI) is 17.4%. 36 patients account for 17,3%, with 42 nodules were performed surgery, the results of histopathology were 100% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was consistent with cytological results. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules are common in women patients at the age of 31-60 with normal thyroid function. Most of them are <1.5 cm in size. There are 17.3% of patients were thyroid carcinoma.

scholarly journals In Utero Exposure to Iodine-131 from Chernobyl Fallout and Anthropometric Characteristics in Adolescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Neta ◽  
Maureen Hatch ◽  
Cari M. Kitahara ◽  
Evgenia Ostroumova ◽  
Elena V. Bolshova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Iodine 131

scholarly journals Lenvatinib Administered via Nasogastric Tube in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Molinaro ◽  
David Viola ◽  
Nicola Viola ◽  
Pierpaolo Falcetta ◽  
Francesca Orsolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cervical Esophagus ◽  
Extrinsic Compression ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Iodine 131

Background. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic progressive thyroid carcinoma (CDT), refractory to radioactive iodine. The following report describes the efficacy of lenvatinib administered through a nose-gastric tube (SNG) in a patient affected with a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) which determined a stenosis of the esophagus. Material and Methods. A patient was followed up for papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant (T3NxMx), subjected to total thyroidectomy and treated with iodine-131 radio metabolic therapy. Two years after surgery, following the onset of dysphonia and dysphagia, patient was submitted to a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck that showed the presence of a lesion of 6 × 2.5 × 3.5 cm, which determined trachea deviation and cervical esophagus compression. The biopsy indicated the presence of PDTC, triggering tracheal lumen reduction and sub-stenosis of the cervical esophagus for an ab-extrinsic compression. A nose-gastric tube (SNG) was placed and lenvatinib was started at a dose of 20 mg/day, administered via this probe after opening the capsules and diluting the drug in 10 ml of saline solution. Results. One month later, CT showed a significant cervical lesion reduction. Bronchoscopy confirmed tracheal infiltration, but the residual caliber was improved from 50% to 75%. At the esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS), the sub stenosis of the cervical esophagus was no longer appreciated; however, a double perforation of the esophagus was found, without fistula. Conclusion. Lenvatinib therapy is effective also when administered via SNG. Our result is of particular relevance in the management of thyroid cancer patients, especially in the presence of subjects unable to swallow. Further studies are needed to validate the administration of lenvatinib by SNG, in order to extend the indications to this alternative administration way, beside the oral one.

THE RISK OF THYROID CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULE 3 CM OR LARGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290
Author(s):  
Edy Kornelius ◽  
Shih-Chang Lo ◽  
Chien-Ning Huang ◽  
Yi-Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle

Objective: There are conflicting data on the risk of thyroid cancer in thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger, and few such studies on this issue have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to examine the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger. Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan. All patients with a thyroid nodule measuring ≥3 cm who underwent thyroid operation with or without fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included. The prevalence rate of thyroid cancer, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and false-negative rate of FNAB for thyroid nodule ≥3 cm were also examined. Results: A total of 132 patients were included in this study. Thyroid cancer was detected in 19 of 132 (14.4%) thyroid nodules measuring ≥3 cm. The performance of FNAB for detecting cancer in nodules 3 cm or larger without considering other ultrasonography parameters was relatively poor with a sensitivity of 50%, but the specificity (100%), PPV (100 %), and NPV (93.4 %) were excellent. Conclusion: The risk of thyroid cancer for thyroid nodules ≥3 cm in this study was low. The PPV and NPV of FNAB were high for the detection of cancer in large nodules. The decision to perform thyroidectomy should not be solely based on nodule size and should include other factors, such as ultrasound characteristics and surgical risk. Abbreviations: ATA = American Thyroid Association; FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy; mPTC = micropapillary thyroid carcinoma; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma

scholarly journals Lymph Node Thyroglobulin Measurement in Diagnosis of Neck Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovanella ◽  
Luca Ceriani ◽  
Sergio Suriano
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve Analysis ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aim. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with thyroid cancer are usually assessed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Thyroglobulin (Tg) is frequently elevated in malignant FNAC needle wash specimens (FNAC-Tg). The objectives of the study were to (1) determine an appropriate diagnostic cut-off for FNAC-Tg levels (2) compare FNAC and FNAC-Tg results in a group of 108 patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods. A total of 126 consecutive FNACs were performed on enlarged LNs and the final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical pathology examination or clinical follow-up. The best FNAC-Tg cut-off level was selected by receiver operating curve analysis, and diagnostic performances of FNAC and FNAC-Tg were compared.Results. The rate of FNAC samples adequate for cytological examination was 77% in contrast FNAC-Tg available in 100% of aspirates (). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC were 71%, 80%, 74%, 100%, 80%, and 94%, respectively. The most appropriate cut-off value for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer metastatic LN was 1.1 ng/mL (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%).Conclusions. The diagnostic performance of needle washout FNAC-Tg measurement with a cut-off of 1.1 ng/mL compared favorably with cytology in detecting DTC node metastases.

scholarly journals BRAF Gene Mutation (V600E) in Aspiration Cytology of Patients With Suspected Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadhossein Dadgarnia ◽  
Mohsen Abouii ◽  
Mohammadhossein Baradaranfar ◽  
Sedighe Vaziribozorg ◽  
Vahid Zand
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Braf Gene ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study was attempted to investigate the prevalence of BRAF gene mutation (V600E) in aspiration cytology of patients with suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Seventy-six patients suspected of having PTC who were referred for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy were included in this cross-sectional study. Ultrasound-guided FNA was taken from the thyroid masses, and samples were sent for cytologic evaluation. Simultaneously, the samples were sent to a genetic laboratory to check the status of BRAFV600E mutation. Patients with FNA positive for PTC were assigned in one group, and those with FNA negative for PTC were assigned to another group. Cytological and molecular results were compared with those of histopathology and sonography. The results showed that the prevalence of the BRAF gene (V600E) mutation in our study was 21.1% (16 out of 76 patients). In addition, the results showed a significant relationship between gene mutation and pathologic findings so that the highest gene mutation was significantly detected in patients with FNA positive for PTC (P=0.001). Also, our results showed a significant relationship between gene mutation and some sonographic findings (calcification, P=0.004) and no significant relation in the other sonographic findings (hypoechoic changes, P=1.12 and regular changes, P=0.194). According to the results of the present study, BRAF mutation (V600E) can be an effective indicator for definitive diagnosis and primary treatment of PTC in suspected cases.

scholarly journals Utilidad de los métodos diagnósticos en detección de cáncer tiroideo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Rasiel Acosta Pérez ◽  
Bárbara Dinora Hidalgo Martínez ◽  
Carlos Pomerio Zambrano Cedeño ◽  
Deiber Gámez Brito
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Clinical Records

El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más frecuente. Con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de los métodos diagnósticos de cáncer de tiroides se realizó un estudio descriptivo trans- versal con 17 pacientes diagnosticados en el periodo septiembre 2015-2016, en la consulta externa del Hospital Humberto Pozo del cantón Guaranda, provincia de Bolívar. De las historias clínicas se extrajeron los datos: edad, sexo, diagnósticos clínicos, ecográfico, citológico e histológico. Pre- dominó el género femenino, siendo el carcinoma papilar la variante histológica más diagnosticada (70,7%). El grupo de edades más representativo, se encontró entre 51-60 años. El mayor número de cánceres (64,8 %) se diagnosticó en el estadio IV. La sensibilidad para la punción aspiración con aguja fina se ubicó en 94,1% y, las lesiones sólidas en la ecografía predominaron en el 70,6%. Estos resultados permitieron evidenciar que la punción aspiración con aguja fina y la ecografía son procedimientos útiles en la evaluación preoperatoria de la patología tiroidea. Palabras clave: neoplasia de tiroides, nódulo tiroideo, punción aspiración con aguja fina Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia. In order to determine the usefulness of diagnostic methods for detection of thyroid cancer, a cross-sectional descriptive study was per- formed with 17 patients diagnosed in the period from September 2015 to 2016, at the outpatient clinic Humberto Pozo of canton Guaranda Hospital. Data were extracted from the following clinical records: age, gender, clinical, ultrasound, cytological and histological diagnoses. The female gen- der predominated, papillary carcinoma being the most diagnosed histological variant (70.7%). The group of 51-60 years was the most representative. The largest number of cancers (64.8%) was diagnosed in stage IV. Sensitivity for fine needle aspiration was of 94.1% and solid lesions on ul- trasound predominated in 70.6%. Fine needle aspiration and ultrasonography proved to be useful procedures in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid pathology.  Key words: Thyroid neoplasias, thyroid nodules, fine needle aspiration biopsy  

CoupledCAR technology for treating thyroid cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14507-e14507
Author(s):  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Xingchen Liu ◽  
Keshu Zhou ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
The Right

e14507 Background: Chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Significant challenges restrict their application across solid tumors due to multiple obstacles, including the lack of robust in vivo CAR-T cell expansion and persistence in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Methods: To address these difficulties, we generated CAR-T cells using a novel CoupledCAR technology. Specifically, we engineered CoupledCAR-T cells with lentiviral vectors encoding an anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) CAR molecule. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that TSHR CAR-T cells specifically recognized and subsequently killed TSHR-positive tumor cells. Animal model experiments showed that TSHR CAR-T cells inhibited the proliferation of TSHR-positive tumor cells. Results: Patient 1: Male, 64Y, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. In May 2017, his Thyroid cancer was diagnosed, bilateral total thyroidectomy, and right cervical lymph node functional dissection were performed in Jun 2018, followed by iodine 131 isotope therapy. In December 2018, bilateral multiple cervical lymph nodes were enlarged, especially on the right side. In February 2019, right neck lymphadenectomy was performed. One month after infusion (M1) of the anti-TSHR CoupledCAR-T cells, the patient was evaluated as PR. Three months after infusion (M3), the patient was evaluated as CR, and the patient's CR lasted from M3 to M12 after infusion of the CoupledCAR-T cells. We are still following the patient for long-term clinical effects. Patient 2: Female, 60Y, Thyroid Carcinoma: In Aug 2013, a "double lobectomy of the thyroid gland” was performed. From Oct 2013 to Jan 2014, she received iodine 131 isotope therapy. In Sep 2014, she was diagnosed with iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. From Sep to Jan 2016, 5 cycles of chemotherapy were performed. In Jun 2016, she enrolled in the Anlotinib experimental group. In Mar 2019, multiple metastases in both lungs and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum were observed. At month 1 (M1) post cell infusion, the patient was evaluated as PR (Partial Response): the tumor volume in the right lower lobe of the lung was reduced by approximately 67.51% (decreased from 65*55mm to 42*39mm). Three months after infusion (M3), the tumor volume was reduced by approximately 73.54% and SUV max value decreased from 14.9 to 2.8. Therefore, the patient was evaluated as nCR (near complete remission). Conclusions: In summary, we showed that TSHR is an attractive and specific target for treating thyroid cancer and our anti-TSHR CoupledCAR-T cells are safe and effective for treating thyroid cancer. Recruitment is ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our CoupledCAR-T cells. Further, since our CoupledCAR technology is a platform technology, we are developing additional CoulpledCAR-T cells to treat other solid tumors using different target tumor markers.

scholarly journals Atypical Presentation as Unilateral Renal and Soft Tissue Metastases from Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
S Kumar ◽  
Ambikavathy Mohan ◽  
Udaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

ABSTRACT Thyroid carcinoma comprises 1% of all malignancies. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common cancer of thyroid. Vascular invasion and hematogenous metastases to bone, lungs, brain, skin and adrenal glands has a reported incidence of 11 to 25%. The initial presentation of the patient with distant metastases is rare. Well-differentiated thyroid cancers with renal secondaries are reported in limited number of cases so far. W e report a case of an asymptomatic female patient who presented to us with soft tissue metastases to scalp, left sc apular regio n an d left k idn ey. On furth er evalu atin g, ultrasound of the neck showed a solitary nodule of 2 × 1 cm in the left lobe of thyroid. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid reported as follicular carcinoma. FNAC of scalp, scapular swelling, and left kidney lesion was reported as metastatic lesions from follicular thyroid cancer. The patient refused any surgical intervention and she received three cycles of chemotherapy and suppressive treatment with L-thyroxine. She is on regular follow-up with the stable disease till date. We present this case for its rarity of renal metastases from follicular thyroid cancer. How to cite this article Mohan A, Kumar S, Kumar U. Atypical Presentation as Unilateral Renal and Soft Tissue Metastases from Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):184-186.

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