scholarly journals A Novel Insulin Resistance Index to Monitor Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance: the ACT NOW Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devjit Tripathy ◽  
Jeff E. Cobb ◽  
Walter Gall ◽  
Klaus-Peter Adam ◽  
Tabitha George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycle is modified by BMI, fitness and physical activity in NHANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin A MacGregor ◽  
Iain J Gallagher ◽  
Colin N Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p< 0.001), insulin (p< 0.001), HOMA-IR (p< 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p< 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Abstract P177: Effects of Gender, Race, and Glucose Tolerance on Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index Responses to Exercise Training

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna M Ross ◽  
Cris A Slentz ◽  
Irina Shalaurova ◽  
Margery A Connelly ◽  
James D Otvos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values

Introduction: Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) is a novel spectroscopic multimarker linked to future diabetes risk. We recently assessed changes in LP-IR across the three STRRIDE trials, where on average, STRRIDE exercise interventions improved LP-IR. In the present study, we sought to determine if there were effects of gender, race, and glucose tolerance on LP-IR responses across the STRRIDE trials. Methods: A total of 461 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I and STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to one of 7 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-22 kcal/kg/week (KKW); intensities of 50-75% VO 2peak ; and durations of 6-9 months. Six groups included aerobic exercise, two groups included resistance training, and one group included dietary intervention (weight loss goal of 7%). Fasting blood samples were obtained at both baseline and 16-24 h after the final exercise bout. In STRRIDE-PD only (n=165), subjects completed oral glucose tolerance tests and were categorized into normal (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups at baseline. NMR spectroscopy was performed at LabCorp to determine LP-IR score (comprised of six lipoprotein subclass and size parameters). LP-IR score ranges from 0 (most insulin sensitive) to 100 (most insulin resistant). Irrespective of intervention group, we assessed change in LP-IR in three stratified analyses: by gender, race, and baseline glucose tolerance category. Paired t-tests determined whether the post- minus pre- intervention change scores within each group were significant (p<0.05). Analysis of covariance accounting for baseline values determined difference among groups. Results: At baseline, women had lower LP-IR scores compared to men (47.8 ± 22.3 vs 62.6 ± 21.5; p<0.0001). Both women and men significantly improved LP-IR following exercise training by -4.3 ± 15.0 and -8.0 ± 15.6 points, respectively. There were also significant baseline differences when stratified by race. Black subjects had lower baseline LP-IR scores compared to White subjects (43.2 ± 20.7 vs 56.3 ± 23.0; p<0.0001). After exercise training, Black subjects significantly improved their LP-IR score by -4.0 ± 14.6 points; White subjects significantly improved their LP-IR score by -6.2 ± 15.5 points. As expected, those with NGT had lower baseline LP-IR scores compared to those with IGT in STRRIDE-PD (49.0 ± 20.0 vs 64.4 ± 19.9; p<0.0001). Both NGT and IGT groups significantly improved LP-IR by -4.3 ± 14.6 and -7.6 ± 12.9 points, respectively. In all three stratified analyses, change in LP-IR was not significantly different among groups after controlling for baseline values. Conclusion: There were significant baseline differences in LP-IR among gender, racial, and glucose tolerance groups. However, after adjusting for these baseline differences, there were similar beneficial responses to exercise in this marker of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypoxia and Work Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mackenzie ◽  
B. Elliott ◽  
N. Maxwell ◽  
G. Brickley ◽  
P. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Context: Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the effects of three different hypoxic/exercise (Hy Ex) trials on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the 48 h after acute hypoxia in type 2 diabetics. Design, Participants, and Interventions: Eight male type 2 diabetics completed 60 min of hypoxic [mean (sem) O2 = ∼14.7 (0.2)%] exercise at 90% of lactate threshold [Hy Ex60; 49 (1) W]. Patients completed an additional two hypoxic trials of equal work, lasting 40 min [Hy Ex40; 70 (1) W] and 20 min [Hy Ex20; 140 (12) W]. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose rate of appearance and rate of disappearance were determined using the one-compartment minimal model. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), fasting insulin resistance index and β-cell function (HOMAβ-cell) were calculated at 24 and 48 h after trials. Results: Peak glucose rate of appearance was highest during Hy Ex20 [8.89 (0.56) mg/kg · min, P &lt; 0.05]. HOMAIR and fasting insulin resistance index were improved in the 24 and 48 h after Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40 (P &lt; 0.05). HOMAIR decreased 24 h after Hy Ex20 (P &lt; 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 48 h. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise in hypoxia (Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40) stimulates acute- and moderate-term improvements in insulin sensitivity that were less apparent in Hy Ex20. Results suggest that exercise duration and not total work completed has a greater influence on acute and moderate-term glucose control in type 2 diabetics.

scholarly journals Early Arteriosclerosis and Its Risk Factors in Prediabetes and New-Onset Diabetes Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Lanxiang Liu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xiaojiao Jia ◽  
Binbin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background: We aimed to investigate early arteriosclerosis and its risk factors in populations with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 148 participants without known diabetes mellitus were assigned to three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); impaired glucose regulation (IGR), also known as prediabetes; and new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The insulin resistance index was assessed using the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression level of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). An arteriosclerosis detector was used to measure the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The baPWV, ABI and FGF21 were used to assess early arteriosclerosis. Results: Significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), 2-hour insulin (2hINS) and HOMA-IR were found between the NGT group and the prediabetic and new-onset diabetic groups. All except 2hINS showed an increasing trend. The FGF21 and the baPWV increased from the NGT group to prediabetic and the new-onset diabetic group, but no significant difference was noted in the ABI. The age, SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FPG, 2hPG and FGF21 positively correlated with the baPWV. The BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, 2hPG and HOMA-IR positively correlated with the ABI. The age, BMI, FPG, FGF21 and HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for the baPWV, and the SBP and the HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for ABI. Conclusions: Patients with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes had more significant early arteriosclerosis. The blood glucose and insulin resistance index were independent risk factors for early arteriosclerosis.

scholarly journals Serum Proinsulin in Bangladeshi Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
Z Zeba ◽  
A Hossain ◽  
A Khaleque ◽  
R Zinnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽  
Proinsulin Level ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Hyperproinsulinemia is commonly present in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the proinsulin level in Bangladeshi IGT subjects and to explore its association with insulin resistance. This observational study was conducted under a case-control design with IGT subjects (n=50) and controls (n=44). IGT was diagnosed following the WHO Study Group Criteria. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, serum lipid profile by enzymatic method and serum insulin and serum proinsulin were measured by ELISA method. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin by homeostasis model assessment. The study subjects were age- and BMI- matched. Mean (±SD) age (yrs) of the control and IGT subjects were 40±6 and 40±5 respectively (p=0.853). Mean (±SD) BMI of the control and IGT subjects were 23±3 and 22±2 respectively (p=0.123). Fasting glucose was not significantly higher in IGT subjects, but serum glucose 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum glucose (mmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 5.3 (3.8-6) and 5.2 (4-12) respectively; (p=0.297). Median (Range) value of serum glucose (mmol/l) 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load of control and IGT subjects were 6.1 (3-7.8) and 7.9 (5- 21) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting TG was significantly higher in IGT subjects and LDL-c was significantly lower in IGT subjects. Serum Total cholesterol and HDL-c were not significantly different between the IGT and control subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum TG (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 119 (51-474) and 178 (82-540) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of fasting serum T chol (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 180 (65-272) and 186 (140-400) respectively; (p=0.191). Median (Range) value of fasting serum HDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 29 (19-45) and 31 (15-78) respectively; (p=0.914). Median (Range) value of fasting serum LDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 117(29-201) and 111(41- 320) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting serum proinsulin was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum proinsulin (pmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 9.2(1.8-156) and 17(3-51) respectively; (p=0.001). Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was higher but insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) was significantly lower in case of IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of HOMA%B of control and IGT subjects were 97(46-498) and 164(17-300) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of HOMA%S of control and IGT subjects were 68(19-270) and 39(15-110) respectively (p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis a significant negative association was found between fasting proinsulin and insulin sensitivity (p=0.037). The data led to the following conclusions: a) Insulin resistance is the predominant defect in Bangladeshi IGT subjects. b) Basal proinsulin level is significantly increased in IGT subjects. c) Insulin resistance is negatively associated with serum proinsulin in IGT subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22411 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 41-46

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