scholarly journals The Effect of Hypoxia and Work Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mackenzie ◽  
B. Elliott ◽  
N. Maxwell ◽  
G. Brickley ◽  
P. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Context: Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the effects of three different hypoxic/exercise (Hy Ex) trials on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the 48 h after acute hypoxia in type 2 diabetics. Design, Participants, and Interventions: Eight male type 2 diabetics completed 60 min of hypoxic [mean (sem) O2 = ∼14.7 (0.2)%] exercise at 90% of lactate threshold [Hy Ex60; 49 (1) W]. Patients completed an additional two hypoxic trials of equal work, lasting 40 min [Hy Ex40; 70 (1) W] and 20 min [Hy Ex20; 140 (12) W]. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose rate of appearance and rate of disappearance were determined using the one-compartment minimal model. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), fasting insulin resistance index and β-cell function (HOMAβ-cell) were calculated at 24 and 48 h after trials. Results: Peak glucose rate of appearance was highest during Hy Ex20 [8.89 (0.56) mg/kg · min, P < 0.05]. HOMAIR and fasting insulin resistance index were improved in the 24 and 48 h after Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40 (P < 0.05). HOMAIR decreased 24 h after Hy Ex20 (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 48 h. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise in hypoxia (Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40) stimulates acute- and moderate-term improvements in insulin sensitivity that were less apparent in Hy Ex20. Results suggest that exercise duration and not total work completed has a greater influence on acute and moderate-term glucose control in type 2 diabetics.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of subclinical inflammation and increases in glycaemia, insulin resistance and beta-cell function in non-diabetic individuals: the Whitehall II study

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Kristine Færch ◽  
Maren Carstensen-Kirberg ◽  
Gordon D Lowe ◽  
Rita Haapakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Higher systemic levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and low adiponectin are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but their associations with changes in glycaemic deterioration before onset of diabetes are poorly understood. We aimed to study whether inflammation-related biomarkers are associated with 5-year changes in glucose and insulin, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and whether these associations may be bidirectional. Design and methods We used multiple repeat measures (17 891 person-examinations from 7683 non-diabetic participants) from the Whitehall II study to assess whether circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) and adiponectin are associated with subsequent changes in glycaemia, insulin, insulin resistance and beta-cell function (based on oral glucose tolerance tests). We examined bidirectionality by testing if parameters of glucose metabolism at baseline are associated with changes in inflammation-related biomarkers. Results Higher hsCRP and IL6 were associated with increases in fasting insulin, insulin resistance and, for IL6, with beta-cell function after adjustment for confounders. Higher adiponectin was associated with decreases in fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and beta-cell function. The reverse approach showed that 2-h glucose and insulin sensitivity were associated with changes in IL1Ra. Fasting insulin and insulin resistance showed inverse associations with changes in adiponectin. Conclusions Subclinical inflammation is associated with development of increased glycaemia, insulin resistance and beta-cell function in non-diabetic individuals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation-related processes may increase insulin resistance and lead to a compensatory upregulation of beta-cell function.

scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycle is modified by BMI, fitness and physical activity in NHANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin A MacGregor ◽  
Iain J Gallagher ◽  
Colin N Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p< 0.001), insulin (p< 0.001), HOMA-IR (p< 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p< 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Common Risk Factors in Relatives and Spouses of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Prediabetes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Wei-Hao Hsu ◽  
Chin-Wei Tseng ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang ◽  
Ching-Chao Liang ◽  
Mei-Yueh Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Β Cell Function

Prediabetes should be viewed as an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated its prevalence among the relatives and spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes or risk factors for prediabetes, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. A total of 175 individuals were included and stratified into three groups: controls, and relatives and spouses of type 2 diabetic patients. We compared clinical characteristics consisting of a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β), a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. After a multivariable linear regression analysis, the relative group was independently correlated with high fasting glucose, a high TyG index, and low β-cell function; the relatives and spouses were independently associated with a low QUICKI. The relatives and spouses equally had a higher prevalence of prediabetes. These study also indicated that the relatives had multiple factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus, and that the spouses may share a number of common environmental factors associated with low insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals SUN-656 Hypoglycemic Effect of Oral Administered Superoxide Dismutase

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutao Liu ◽  
Hangqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Hypoglycemic Effect of Oral Administered Superoxide Dismutase on Type 2 Diabetes via reduction of glucogan and insulin resistance Background & Objective: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is carefully used in food industry for the concern of its easy degradation and difficult adsorption in digestive tract, although it plays central role in antioxidant system. It is previous reported that orally administered SOD was effective in alleviating hyperglycemia, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and chronic hepatitis. This work aimed to investigate in-depth the hypoglycaemic effect and possible mechanism of orally administered SOD in the model of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods:The model of type 2 diabetic rats were divided into 6 groups and orally administered with different Cu/Zn-SOD (abbreviated as SOD) samples and negative or positive controls. The 6 groups included SOD, SOD hydrolysate (pepsin-treated SOD), L-SOD (liposome-embedded SOD), model group and metformin positive groups, as well as normal group. Results of the body weight, serum indexes (including blood glucose, glycated albumin, insulin, glucagon, AMPK, MDA), SOD enzymatic activity in organs (liver, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, spleen, and pancreas) as well as intestinal density and HE staining were measured to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect and possible mechanism. Results: SOD showed substantial hypoglycemic effect and improved serum indicators. Moreover, L-SOD group exhibited better effect than SOD group, though the effect of SOD hydrolysate was not obvious. Colon density and HE staining showed obvious intestinal injury in the model group, and SOD was beneficial to repair intestinal structural integrity. Furthermore, the reparative effect of SOD was much better than that of the SOD hydrolysate, but not as good as that of the L-SOD. The SOD enzymatic activity of tissues was positively correlated with the curative effect of three kinds of SOD samples. The contents of serum MDA were negatively correlated with the curative effect. Compared with the model group, the insulin resistance index of SOD group, L-SOD group and positive group were significantly reduced; and glucagon significantly decreased by 68.38, 77.50 and 65.01%, respectively. Conclusion: Oral SOD showed obvious hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetic rats, and liposome could improve this effect. The mechanism may be that SOD effectively reduces intestinal injury, so as to reduce glucongen and insulin resistance index.

scholarly journals Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Brasnyó ◽  
Gergő A. Molnár ◽  
Márton Mohás ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Boglárka Laczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.

Inflammatory Markers in Response to Different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise in Obese Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.027 and F = 3.42), IL-6 levels (P = 0.043 and F = 2.99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0.008 and F = 4.69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF-α concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0.01) and between the high-intensity and control groups (P = 0.01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0.01) and HI (P = 0.01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

Rosiglitazone increases insulin sensitivity and reduces factors associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 64-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
DavidG. Carey ◽  
GaryJ. Cowin ◽  
GrahamJ. Galloway ◽  
DavidM. Doddrell ◽  
JacquelineC. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics
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