scholarly journals Letter to the Editor: The Article “Autonomic Imbalance as a Predictor of Metabolic Risks, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Mortality Autonomic Imbalance Predicts CVD, DM, Mortality” by Wulsin et al Could Resolve the “Chicken-and-Egg” Question on the Role of Sympathetic Overactivity and Insulin Resistance in Hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. L68-L69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity ◽  
Autonomic Imbalance ◽  
Letter To The Editor

scholarly journals The Role of Fetuin-A in Disease Processes Prevalent in Postmenopausal Women (El papel de la fetuina A en los procesos de enfermedad prevalentes en mujeres posmenopáusicas)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Annie A. Bane ◽  
Peter W. Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistencia A La Insulina ◽  
Low Levels

The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of fetuin-A in disease processes prevalent in postmenopausal women and synthesize effective interventions in obtaining healthy fetuin-A levels. A review of databases for articles related to fetuin-A and diseases associated with postmenopausal women was conducted. Articles were limited to full-text access, published in English since 1944. High fetuin-A levels are closely associated with decreased bone mineral density, increased cardiovascular disease risks, impairment of insulin signaling and disruption of adipocyte functioning. Postmenopausal women have increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, insulin-resistance, intra-abdominal fat accumulation and vascular calcification. Low-levels of fetuin-A have been shown to be protective against the latter. The role of fetuin-A is multi-factorial and the mechanisms in which it is involved in each of these processes are vast. The present body of literature is inconsistent in defining high versus low levels of fetuin-A and their association with healthy-matched controls. The diseases associated with high levels of fetuin-A mimic diseases most prevalent in postmenopausal women. In addition, there is no research, to date, exploring fetuin-A levels in postmenopausal women and the associations it may or may not have in related diseases.Key words: fetuin-A; Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein; cardiovascular disease; and elderly, insulin-resistance, intra-abdominal fat, metabolic syndrome, exercise, weight-loss, calorie restriction and postmenopausal.Resumen. El propósito de esta revisión es sintetizar el papel de la fetuina A en los procesos de enfermedad prevalentes en mujeres posmenopáusicas y resumir las intervenciones efectivas que permiten obtener niveles saludables de fetuina A. Para ello, se revisaron bases de datos con artículos relacionados con fetuina A y las enfermedades asociadas con mujeres posmenopáusicas. La búsqueda de artículos se limitó a aquellos de texto completo publicados en el idioma inglés desde el año 1944. Se encontró que altos niveles de fetuina A están íntimamente relacionados con una reducción de la densidad mineral ósea, un aumento en el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, deterioro de la señalización de la insulina y la alteración del funcionamiento de los adipocitos. Las mujeres posmenopáusicas tienen un mayor riesgo de osteoporosis, enfermedad cardiovascular, resistencia a la insulina, acumulación de grasa intra abdominal y calcificación vascular. Se ha demostrado que niveles bajos de fetuina A son protectores contra esta última condición. El papel de fetuina A es multifactorial y los mecanismos en los que está involucrado en cada uno de estos procesos son muy amplios. El estado actual de la literatura no es consistente en la definición de niveles de fetuina A altos versus bajos y su asociación con controles sanos. Las enfermedades asociadas con altos niveles de fetuina A asemejan las enfermedades más prevalentes en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Además, no existen investigaciones, hasta la fecha, en las que se   exploren los niveles de fetuina A en mujeres posmenopáusicas y las asociaciones que puede o no puede tener en las enfermedades relacionadas.Palabras claves: fetuina A, glicoproteína Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid, enfermedad cardiovascular, adulto mayor, resistencia a la insulina, grasa intra abdominal, síndrome metabólico, ejercicio, pérdida de peso, restricción calórica, posmenopausia.

scholarly journals World endocrinology news

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
M A Berkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The role of interleukin-6 in insulin resistance, body fat distribution and energy balance Disorders of glucose metabolism and risk of oral cancer. Duration of lactation is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in midlife--SWAN, the study of women's health across the nation. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Adypocyte prolactin: regulation of release and putative functions.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet on Insulin Sensitivity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Maria Mirabelli ◽  
Diego Russo ◽  
Antonio Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Reproductive Disorders

Growing evidence shows that dietary composition has a marked impact on the risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), certain types of endocrine cancer and many other intertwined metabolic and reproductive disorders, all featured by insulin resistance (IR) [...]

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Canale ◽  
Simone Manca di Villahermosa ◽  
Giuliana Martino ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Permissive Role

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased worldwide over the past few years. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a key mechanism leading to hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor impairment, by metabolic factors as insulin resistance, and by dysregulated adipokine production and secretion from visceral fat with a mainly permissive role of leptin and antagonist role of adiponectin. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity contributes to a further decline of insulin sensitivity and creates a vicious circle that may contribute to the development of hypertension and of the metabolic syndrome and favor cardiovascular and kidney disease. Selective renal denervation is an emerging area of interest in the clinical management of obesity-related hypertension. This review focuses on current understanding of some mechanisms through which sympathetic overactivity may be interlaced to the metabolic syndrome, with particular regard to the role of insulin resistance and of some adipokines.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Role of Altered Angiogenesis and Insulin Resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 6239-6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Wolf ◽  
Carl A. Hubel ◽  
Chun Lam ◽  
Marybeth Sampson ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Altered angiogenesis and insulin resistance are associated with preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and women with preeclampsia appear to be at increased risk of future CVD. We hypothesized that these factors are detectable in asymptomatic postpartum women with a history of preeclampsia and may represent pathophysiological mechanisms bridging preeclampsia and future CVD. We measured fasting insulin, glucose, vascular endothelial growth factor, and its circulating inhibitor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) in 29 normotensive women with a history of preeclampsia and 32 women with prior normotensive pregnancies at 18.0 ± 9.7 months postpartum. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) [(insulin [microunits per milliliter] × glucose [millimoles per liter])/22.5] was calculated. Compared with women with normal pregnancies, women with prior preeclampsia had significantly increased levels of sFlt-1 (41.6 ± 6.7 vs. 30.4 ± 10.2; P < 0.01) and median HOMAIR (2.8 vs. 1.9; P = 0.04). Membership in the upper quartile of either sFlt-1 or HOMAIR was associated with prior preeclampsia (odds ratio 5.7; 95% confidence interval 1.7, 20.0; P < 0.01), and all five women in the upper quartiles of both sFlt-1 and HOMAIR had a history of preeclampsia. Women with a history of preeclampsia demonstrate altered expression of angiogenesis-related proteins and increased HOMAIR more than 1 yr postpartum. These factors may contribute to their risk of future CVD.

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