scholarly journals Thyroid Function and Cancer Risk: The Rotterdam Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 5030-5036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer R. Khan ◽  
Layal Chaker ◽  
Rikje Ruiter ◽  
Joachim G. J. V. Aerts ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Increased Risk

Context: In vitro and in vivo experiments have assigned both oncosuppressive and oncogenic properties to thyroid hormones. Population-based studies have found inconclusive results. Objective: We aimed to prospectively assess the relation between thyroid function and incident cancer in a population-based setting. Design, Setting, and Participants: The current study is a prospective population-based cohort study including 10 318 participants for whom baseline measurements of free T4 (FT4) and/or TSH were available. Main Outcome Measures: Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) of any solid non-skin cancer, as well as lung, breast, prostate, and gastrointestinal cancer specifically. Results: Higher FT4 levels were associated with a higher risk of any solid cancer (HR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.79), lung cancer (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.39–3.92) and breast (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.10–2.84) cancer. The risk estimates were similar after exclusion of thyroid-altering medication, but the association lost significance for breast cancer. Compared with the lowest FT4 tertile, the highest tertile was associated with a 1.13-fold increased risk of any solid, 1.79-fold increased risk of lung, and 1.14-fold increased risk of breast cancer (P for trend <.05 for all). For TSH levels we found no associations with cancer risk. There was no differential effect of sex or age on the association between thyroid function and cancer risk. Conclusions: Higher FT4 levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of any solid, lung, and breast cancer. Further research should elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity in Older Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (34) ◽  
pp. 8597-8605 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Doyle ◽  
Alfred I. Neugut ◽  
Judith S. Jacobson ◽  
Victor R. Grann ◽  
Dawn L. Hershman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy, especially with anthracyclines, is known to cause acute and chronic cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. We studied the cardiac effects of chemotherapy in a population-based sample of breast cancer patients aged ≥ 65 years with long-term follow-up. Patients and Methods In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, we analyzed treatments and outcomes among women ≥ 65 years of age who were diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1999. Propensity scores were used to control for baseline heart disease (HD) and other known predictors of chemotherapy, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiomyopathy (CM), congestive heart failure (CHF), and HD after chemotherapy. Results Of 31,748 women with stage I to III breast cancer, 5,575 (18%) received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was associated with younger age, fewer comorbidities, hormone receptor negativity, multiple primary tumors, and advanced disease. Patients who received chemotherapy were less likely than other patients to have pre-existing HD (45% v 55%, respectively; P < .001). The hazard ratios for CM, CHF, and HD for patients treated with doxorubicin (DOX) compared with patients who received no chemotherapy were 2.48 (95% CI, 2.10 to 2.93), 1.38 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.52), and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.44), respectively. The relative risk of cardiotoxicity among patients who received DOX compared with untreated patients remained elevated 5 years after diagnosis. Conclusion When baseline HD was taken into account, chemotherapy, especially with anthracyclines, was associated with a substantially increased risk of CM. As the number of long-term survivors grows, identifying and minimizing the late effects of treatment will become increasingly important.

Population-Based Cohort Study Reveals Distinct Associations Between Female Lung Cancer and Breast Cancer in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Emily Pei-Ying Lin ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin ◽  
Ching-Yao Yang ◽  
Tzu-Pin Lu ◽  
Shih-Ni Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance

Purpose Associations between Asian lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are unknown. This study evaluates associations between LC and BC in the Taiwan population. Methods This study was based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance data and Taiwan Cancer Registry. The cohorts included women with newly diagnosed LC or BC between 2000 and 2011 and an age- and sex-stratified random sample as a noncancer comparison cohort during the same period. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the risks. The National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) cohort, which comprised patients with confirmed pathology diagnoses of double BC/LC, was reviewed. Results In 32,824 women with LC, there were increased risks for synchronous BC in patients younger than age 50 years (hazard ratio, 5.80; 95% CI, 1.83 to 18.73), age 50 to 59 years (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.02 to 5.54), and age 60 to 69 years (HR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.91 to 10.2). In the 88,446 women with BC, there were increased risks for synchronous LC in patients age 40 to 59 years (HR, 5.86; 95% CI, 3.05 to 11.3) and older than 60 years (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.77). In the 128-patient NTUH double LC/BC cohort, 77 (60%) had both cancers diagnosed within 5 years of each other. Conclusion LC is associated with an increased risk for synchronous BC in Taiwan and vice versa. Radiotherapy might not be a major risk factor for LC in BC survivors. Etiology for double LC/BC deserves additional exploration and cross-racial genomic studies.

scholarly journals Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and breast cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Søgaard ◽  
Dóra Körmendiné Farkas ◽  
Vera Ehrenstein ◽  
Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen ◽  
Olaf M Dekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe association between thyroid disease and breast cancer risk remains unclear. We, therefore examined the association between hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and breast cancer risk.DesignThis was a population-based cohort study.MethodsUsing nationwide registries, we identified all women in Denmark with a first-time hospital diagnosis of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, 1978–2013. We estimated the excess risk of breast cancer among patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism compared with the expected risk in the general population, using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) as a measure of risk ratio. Breast cancer diagnoses in the first 12 months following diagnosis of thyroid disease were excluded from the calculations to avoid diagnostic work-up bias.ResultsWe included 61 873 women diagnosed with hypothyroidism and 80 343 women diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Median follow-up time was 4.9 years (interquartile range (IQR): 1.8–9.5 years) for hypothyroidism and 7.4 years (IQR: 3.1–13.5 years) for hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was associated with a slightly increased breast cancer risk compared with the general population (SIR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16), which persisted beyond 5 years of follow-up (SIR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08–1.19). In comparison, hypothyroidism was associated with a slightly lower risk of breast cancer (SIR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88–1.00). Stratification by cancer stage at diagnosis, estrogen receptor status, age, comorbidity, history of alcohol-related disease and clinical diagnoses of obesity produced little change in cancer risk.ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of breast cancer in women with hyperthyroidism and a slightly decreased risk in women with hypothyroidism indicating an association between thyroid function level and breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals Regulation of autophagy by microRNAs in human breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xiong Chong ◽  
Swee Keong Yeap ◽  
Wan Yong Ho
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Female Population

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common solid cancer that affects female population globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can regulate post-transcriptional modification of multiple downstream genes. Autophagy is a conserved cellular catabolic activity that aims to provide nutrients and degrade un-usable macromolecules in mammalian cells. A number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have reported that some miRNAs could modulate autophagy activity in human breast cancer cells, and these would influence human breast cancer progression and treatment response. Therefore, this review was aimed to discuss the roles of autophagy-regulating miRNAs in influencing breast cancer development and treatment response. The review would first introduce autophagy types and process, followed by the discussion of the roles of different miRNAs in modulating autophagy in human breast cancer, and to explore how would this miRNA-autophagy regulatory process affect the disease progression or treatment response. Lastly, the potential applications and challenges of utilizing autophagy-regulating miRNAs as breast cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic agents would be discussed.

scholarly journals Garlic Consumption and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Oldest-Old Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi ◽  
Lv ◽  
Mao ◽  
Yuan ◽  
Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
All Cause Mortality

In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown garlic has protective effects on the aging process; however, there is no evidence that garlic consumption is associated with all-cause mortality among oldest-old individuals (≥80 years). From 1998 to 2011, 27,437 oldest-old participants (mean age: 92.9 years) were recruited from 23 provinces in China. The frequencies of garlic consumption at baseline and at age 60 were collected. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential covariates were constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) relating garlic consumption to all-cause mortality. Among 92,505 person-years of follow-up from baseline to September 1, 2014, 22,321 participants died. Participants who often (≥5 times/week) or occasionally (1–4 times/week) consumed garlic survived longer than those who rarely (less than once/week) consumed it (p < 0.001). Participants who consumed garlic occasionally or often had a lower risk for mortality than those who rarely consumed garlic at baseline; the adjusted HRs for mortality were 0.92(0.89–0.94) and 0.89(0.85–0.92), respectively. The inverse associations between garlic consumption and all-cause mortality were robust in sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. In this study, habitual consumption of garlic was associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk; this advocates further investigation into garlic consumption for promoting longevity.

scholarly journals Blood Arsenic Levels as a Marker of Breast Cancer Risk among BRCA1 Carriers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3345
Author(s):  
Wojciech Marciniak ◽  
Tomáš Matoušek ◽  
Susan Domchek ◽  
Angelo Paradiso ◽  
Margherita Patruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Inherited Susceptibility ◽  
Increased Risk

An important group of breast cancers is those associated with inherited susceptibility. In women, several predisposing mutations in genes involved in DNA repair have been discovered. Women with a germline pathogenic variant in BRCA1 have a lifetime cancer risk of 70%. As part of a larger prospective study on heavy metals, our aim was to investigate if blood arsenic levels are associated with breast cancer risk among women with inherited BRCA1 mutations. A total of 1084 participants with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 were enrolled in this study. Subjects were followed from 2011 to 2020 (mean follow-up time: 3.75 years). During that time, 90 cancers were diagnosed, including 67 breast and 10 ovarian cancers. The group was stratified into two categories (lower and higher blood As levels), divided at the median (<0.85 µg/L and ≥0.85 µg/L) As level among all unaffected participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the association between As levels and cancer incidence. A high blood As level (≥0.85 µg/L) was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer (HR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.18–3.56; p = 0.01) and of any cancer (HR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.09–2.74; p = 0.02). These findings suggest a possible role of environmental arsenic in the development of cancers among women with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1.

scholarly journals Risk of primary lung cancer after adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer—a large population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Wennstig ◽  
Charlotta Wadsten ◽  
Hans Garmo ◽  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Irma Fredriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAdjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer (BC) has been associated with an increased risk of later radiation-induced lung cancer (LC). We examined the risk of primary LC in a population-based cohort of 52300 women treated for BC during 1992 to 2012, and 253796 age-matched women without BC. Cumulative incidence of LC was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the risk of LC after BC treatment was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Women with BC receiving RT had a higher cumulative incidence of LC compared to women with BC not receiving RT and women without BC. This became apparent 5 years after RT and increased with longer follow-up. Women with BC receiving RT had a Hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.37–1.84) for LC compared to women without BC. RT techniques that lower the incidental lung doses, e.g breathing adaption techniques, may lower this risk.

scholarly journals Concurrent Use in Taiwan of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies among Hormone Users Aged 55 Years to 79 Years and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Ting Tsai ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Chien-Tung Wu ◽  
Shun-Ku Lin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Concurrent Use

Background. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the concurrent use of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) among women aged 55 to 79 years who had also been prescribed hormonal therapies (HT) and its association with breast cancer risk.Methods. The use, frequency of service, and CHP prescribed among 17,583 HT users were evaluated from a random sample of 1 million beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A logistic regression method was used to identify the factors that were associated with the coprescription of a CHP and HT. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer between the TCM nonusers and women who had undergone coadministration of HT and a CHP or CHPs.Results. More than one out of every five study subjects used a CHP concurrently with HT (CHTCHP patients).Shu-Jing-Huo-Xie-Tangwas the most commonly used CHP coadministered with HT. In comparison to HT-alone users, the HRs for invasive breast cancer among CHTCHP patients were not significantly increased either in E-alone group or in mixed regimen group.Conclusions. The coadministration of hormone regimen and CHPs did not increase the risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients: a population-based cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Berinder ◽  
Olof Akre ◽  
Fredrik Granath ◽  
Anna-Lena Hulting
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveExperimental evidence indicates that prolactin might play a role in tumorigenesis of several human cancers, but data on cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients.DesignA population-based matched cohort study in Sweden.MethodsThe hyperprolactinemia cohort consisted of patients hospitalized for hyperprolactinemia from 1987 to 1995 identified in the National Patient Register (n=585) and a hospital cohort of prolactinoma patients at Karolinska University Hospital (n=384). For each patient, ten matched individuals were identified via the Register of Population. Cancer occurrence was ascertained via the Swedish Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsSeventy-three malignant tumors were identified in the hyperprolactinemia patients and 660 tumors in the comparison group (HR 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.68), mainly attributed to an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer in both males and females (HR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.70–8.03) and hematopoietic cancer in females (HR 3.51; 95% CI: 1.06–11.6). Twelve breast cancers occurred in the female patients, corresponding to an HR of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.60–1.99). Prostate cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia men was reduced (HR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16–0.99).ConclusionsAn increased overall cancer risk was found in hyperprolactinemia patients, but no increased risk of breast cancer in women and a reduced risk of prostate cancer in men. These findings warrant further investigations and to be confirmed in larger studies but may indicate the importance of an active treatment strategy and follow-up of hyperprolactinemia patients.

scholarly journals The Association between PON1 (Q192R and L55M) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on 43 Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Pan ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Meiqin Li ◽  
Dan Mo ◽  
Yihua Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Q192R and L55M polymorphism were considered to be associated with the development of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the results of these researches were inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control studies to assess the association between PON1 (Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and risk of cancer. With the STATA 14.0 software, we evaluated the strength of the association by using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 43 case-control publications 19887 cases and 23842 controls were employed in our study. In all genetic models, a significant association between PON1-L55M polymorphisms and overall cancer risk was observed. Moreover, in the stratified analyses by cancer type, polymorphism of PON1-L55M played a risk factor in the occurrence of breast cancer, hematologic cancer, and prostate cancer. Similarly, an increased risk was observed in the Caucasian and Asian population as well as hospital-based group and population-based group. For PON1-Q192R polymorphisms, in the stratified analyses by cancer type, PON1-Q192R allele was associated with reduced cancer risks in breast cancer. Furthermore, for racial stratification, there was a reduced risk of cancer in recession model in Caucasian population. Similarly, in the stratification analysis of control source, the overall risk of cancer was reduced in the heterozygote comparison and dominant model in the population-based group. In conclusion, PON1-Q192R allele decreased the cancer risk especially breast cancer; there was an association between PON1-L55M allele and increased overall cancer risk. However, we need a larger sample size, well-designed in future and at protein levels to confirm these findings.

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