Cord Blood Metabolomics: Association With Newborn Anthropometrics and C-Peptide Across Ancestries

Abstract Context Newborn adiposity is associated with childhood obesity. Cord blood metabolomics is one approach that can be used to understand early-life contributors to adiposity and insulin resistance. Objective To determine the association of cord blood metabolites with newborn adiposity and hyperinsulinemia in a multiethnic cohort of newborns. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study. Participants One thousand six hundred multiethnic mother–newborn pairs. Main Outcome Measure Cord blood C-peptide, birthweight, and newborn sum of skinfolds. Results Meta-analyses across four ancestry groups (Afro-Caribbean, Northern European, Thai, and Mexican American) demonstrated significant associations of cord blood metabolites with cord blood C-peptide, birthweight, and newborn sum of skinfolds. Several metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglycerides were negatively associated with cord C-peptide but positively associated with birthweight and/or sum of skinfolds. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, an inverse marker of recent maternal glycemia, was significantly inversely associated with birthweight and sum of skinfolds. Network analyses revealed groups of interrelated amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid metabolites associated with all three newborn outcomes. Conclusions Cord blood metabolites are associated with newborn size and cord blood C-peptide levels after adjustment for maternal body mass index and glucose during pregnancy. Negative associations of metabolites with C-peptide at birth were observed. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol appears to be a marker of adiposity in newborns. BCAAs were individually associated with birthweight and demonstrated possible associations with newborn adiposity in network analyses.

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Maternal Testosterone Levels are Associated with C-Peptide Levels in the Mexican American Subset of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study Cohort

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1347262 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (08) ◽

pp. 617-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. Ackerman ◽

L. Lowe ◽

A. Dyer ◽

M. Hayes ◽

B. Metzger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Mexican American ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Study Cohort ◽

C Peptide ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Testosterone

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The impact of maternal body mass index on maternal and perinatal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172628 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 2862

Author(s):

Nishu Bhushan ◽

Surinder Kumar ◽

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Reema Khajuria

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Difference ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Normal Women ◽

The Impact

Background: The incidence of obesity has increased to pandemic proportions over the last 20 years. Obesity is a chronic illness which is associated with metabolic disease, nutritional deficiency, musculoskeletal complications and carcinomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2 (normal), with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) and with BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 singleton pregnant women with gestational age>37 weeks with cephalic presentation. The selected women were categorized into three groups of 100 each according to their BMI: Category I included normal women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2), Category II included overweight women (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and Category III included obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2).Results: There was increased incidence of antepartum complications in obese women. The difference in the occurrence of pre-eclampsia among the three categories was statistically significant (p=0.001). Similarly, more obese women had eclampsia (5%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (6%) as compared to overweight and normal women and the difference was statistically significant in both these complications (p=0.02 for each). The risk of induction of labour was highest in obese women and so was the incidence of caesarean and instrumental deliveries and the difference was statistically significant. The difference in the onset of labour as well as mode of delivery among the three categories was statistically significant (p<0.05). In perinatal outcomes, the difference in mean birth weight of the babies among three categories was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The difference in incidence of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) as well as macrosomia (>4 kg) among babies of three BMI categories was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference in the incidence of NICU admissions was statistically significant (p=0.02).Conclusions: Obesity is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and hence preventable steps should be taken for reducing the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

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Reference Values of Fetal Peak Systolic Velocity in the Middle Cerebral Artery at 19–40 Weeks of Gestation in Nepalese Population

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v8i2.9769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 42-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U Shrestha ◽

I Shrestha ◽

RK Ghimire ◽

S Paudel

Keyword(s):

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systolic Volume ◽

Serial Measurement ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Aims: The purpose of this study was to construct new reference range for fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) in uncomplicated pregnancy at 19-40 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 400 singleton pregnancies between 19 and 40 weeks of gestation without any known risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome who were referred for routine obstetric examination. The protocol included the doppler examination of fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) within 2 mm after its origin from the internal carotid artery and data were used to construct the normograms and percentile fitted curves of each doppler parameter for different gestational age. Results: Among 400 singleton uncomplicated pregnancies between 19 and 40 weeks of gestation maximum number of pregnancies (10%) was at 19 weeks of gestation and minimum (2.5%) was at 31 weeks. The fetal peak systolic blood flow in the MCA showed significant correlation with period of gestation. Mean MCA-PSV was 22.35 ± 3.05 at 19 weeks of gestation which increased to 67.73 ± 9.92 at 40 weeks. The MCA-PSV showed continuous increment with increasing gestational age.Conclusions: Continuous increment in the peak systolic volume with advancing gestational age was obtained which was consistent with the previous studies done by various authors. The percentile fitted values and normograms will be valuable for the serial measurement of the peak systolic volume of the middle cerebral artery for complicated pregnancies.Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 42-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9769

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ASSOCIATION OF SEROPOSITIVITY FOR CMV IGM AND IGG WITH ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.2928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 831-35

Author(s):

Ambreen Amna ◽

Farkhunda Nadeem ◽

Amin Fahim ◽

Altaf Hussian Jatoi ◽

Kanwal Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

University Hospital ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To find out the prevalence of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcome in women, at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Isra University Hospital (IUH) Hyderabad, from Jan to Jun 2018. Methodology: Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in 305 women of reproductive age group were measured using the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assaysystem kit. Results: The combined positivity of anti cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies was 93 (30.40%). About 37 (37.37%) and 28 (34.14%) women were found to be seropositive for cytomegalovirus antibodies who had history of spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent miscarriages respectively. Conclusion: Higher association of seropositivity for cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG with bad obstetrical history and low economy was found.

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Does Multiparity Affect Periodontitis Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes' Awareness?

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60a34496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 359-370

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdelrasoul ◽

Bashayer Bahamdain ◽

Raghad Hasanain ◽

Renad Barayan ◽

Nada Bugis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

University Education ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Periodontal disease is a very common, undesirable, and neglected bacterial infection causing destruction of the connective tissue and dental bone support. During pregnancy, the oral bacteria could lead to tissue damage and mediate immune response which can impair the development and fetal growth in the placenta that it may be a risk factor for pre-term birth (before 37 weeks of gestation). The goal of this study to measure the knowledge and awareness of women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia toward the relation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcome. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2020 until November 2021. based on a validated questionnaire developed by the authors. A convenience sample size of 966 women, aged 20-50 years, with a confidence level of 95%, and a 5% margin of error was selected. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections: demographics, knowledge and attitude. Results: The study showed a mean score of awareness of 3.801.26 (54.35 ± 17.98%) while the mean score of attitudes was 1.60 ± 0.98 (39.91 ± 24.42%). There was no statistically significant relationship to age group, nationality, or parity, however, scores were significant to university education level. Conclusion: Learning from previous multigravidas did not influence knowledge and awareness towards adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with PD.

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Maternal and Offspring Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Offspring Birthweight Among African Ancestry Populations

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-02756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 5032-5042

Author(s):

Mohammad L Rahman ◽

Deepika Shrestha ◽

Tsegaselassie Workalemahu ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Chunming Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Risk Scores ◽

C Peptide ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

A Genome

Abstract Objectives Maternal genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can influence offspring birthweight through shared offspring genetic risk and by altering intrauterine glycemic status. The aim of this study was to estimate the independent effects of maternal and offspring genetic risk scores (GRSs) of T2D on offspring birthweight and the extent to which intrauterine glycemic traits mediate the effect of maternal GRSs on offspring birthweight. Design The study involved 949 mother–offspring pairs of African ancestry from the Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study. GRSs of T2D were calculated separately for mothers and offspring as the weighted sum of 91 T2D risk alleles identified in a genome-wide association study meta-analysis in African Americans. Linear regression models were fit to estimate changes in birthweight by quartiles of GRSs. Mediation analysis was implemented to estimate the direct and indirect effects of maternal GRS on offspring birthweight through cord blood C-peptide and maternal fasting and postchallenge glucose levels. Results Maternal and offspring GRSs were independently and differentially associated with offspring birthweight. Changes (95% CI) in birthweight across increasing quartiles of maternal GRSs were 0 g (reference), 83.1 g (6.5, 159.6), 103.1 g (26.0, 180.2), and 92.7 g (12.6, 172.8) (P trend = 0.041) and those of offspring GRSs were 0 (reference), −92.0 g (−169.2, −14.9), −64.9 g (−142.4, 12.6), and 2.0 g (−77.8, 81.7) (P trend = 0.032). Cord blood C-peptide mediated the effect of maternal GRS on offspring birthweight, whereas maternal postchallenge glucose levels showed additive effects with maternal GRS on birthweight. Conclusions Maternal and offspring GRSs of T2D were independently and differentially associated with offspring birthweight.

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Pregnancy outcome in obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy with active management

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v12i2.19946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Nira Singh Shrestha ◽

Sajipta Panta

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Active Management ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Meconium Staining ◽

Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

Aims: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated with obstetric cholestasis with active management.Methods: This is a cross- sectional, descriptive study done at the department of obstetrics and gynecological of KMCTH for 24 months. All the cases of obstetric cholestasis that were managed by active management were enrolled as cases. Their demographic details, maternal and perinatal outcome were noted. Data was analyzed and presented as mean, percentage and frequency and presented as tables and figures. Results: Total 84 cases of obstetric cholestasis were managed by active management during the study period. The mean age of the women were 26.59 years (21-34 years), the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 32.53 weeks (18 - 38 weeks). Diabetes mellitus was present in 17.85% and15.47% % had hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.All the cases had complaint of pruritus and 89.25% of the case had itching over abdomen, 73.78% of the women had itching over palms and soles. The itching was severe enough to cause sleep disturbance in over 65% of the cases. Meconium staining of liquor was present in 17.85% of the cases; cesarean section rate was 60.69%. There were 3 cases (3.57%) of postpartum hemorrhage but none required blood transfusion. There were no cases of still birth or neonatal death. Over 10% of the neonate had Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minute and approximately one fourth of the newborn required NICU care.Conclusions: Adverse pregnancy outcome associated with obstetric cholestasis can be minimized with active management of the cases.

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