Association of Reproductive History With Brain MRI Biomarkers of Dementia Risk in Midlife

Objective.To examine associations between indicators of estrogen exposure from women’s reproductive history and brain MRI biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in midlife.Methods.We evaluated 99 cognitively normal women ages 52+6 years, and 29 men ages 52+7 years, with reproductive history data, neuropsychological testing, and volumetric MRI scans. We used multiple regressions to examine associations between reproductive history indicators, voxel-wise gray matter volume (GMV), memory and global cognition scores, adjusting for demographics and midlife health indicators. Exposure variables were menopause status, age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive span, hysterectomy status, number of children and pregnancies, use of menopause hormonal therapy (HT) and hormonal contraceptives (HC).Results.All menopausal groups exhibited lower GMV in AD-vulnerable regions as compared to men, with peri-menopausal and post-menopausal groups also exhibiting lower GMV in temporal cortex as compared to the pre-menopausal group. Reproductive span, number of children and pregnancies, use of HT and HC were positively associated with GMV, chiefly in temporal cortex, frontal cortex, and precuneus, independent of age, APOE-4 status, and midlife health indicators. Although reproductive history indicators were not directly associated with cognitive measures, GMV in temporal regions was positively associated with memory and global cognition scores.Conclusions.Reproductive history events signaling more estrogen exposure, such as pre-menopausal status, longer reproductive span, higher number of children, use of HT and HC, were associated with larger GMV in midlife women. Further studies are needed to elucidate sex-specific biological pathways through which reproductive history influences cognitive aging and AD-risk.

Download Full-text

Reproductive period and risk of dementia in a diverse cohort of health care members

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000007326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (17) ◽

pp. e2005-e2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Paola Gilsanz ◽

Catherine Lee ◽

Maria M. Corrada ◽

Claudia H. Kawas ◽

Charles P. Quesenberry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Natural Menopause ◽

Estrogen Exposure ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Life Course Health ◽

Large Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Menarche Age

ObjectiveWomen have >50% greater lifetime risk of dementia than men but the role of female-specific endocrine milieu is not well-understood. This study evaluates associations between indicators of estrogen exposure from women's reproductive period and dementia risk in a large diverse population.MethodsWe evaluated 15,754 female members (29.9% nonwhite) of Kaiser Permanente with clinical examinations and health survey data from 1964 to 1973 and were members as of January 1, 1996. In midlife (mean age 51.1 years), women reported age at menarche and menopause and hysterectomy status. Reproductive span was calculated as menopause age minus menarche age. Dementia diagnoses were abstracted from January 1, 1996 to September 30, 2017 medical records (mean age at start of dementia follow-up 76.5 years). Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between aspects of reproductive span and dementia risk adjusting for demographics and life course health indicators.ResultsForty-two percent of women developed dementia. Compared to menarche at age 13.0 (mean menarche age), menarche at ≥16 was associated with 23% greater dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.50) adjusting for demographics and life course health indicators. Natural menopause at age <47.4 (mean menopause age) was associated with 19% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.31). Reproductive spans <34.4 years (mean duration) were associated with 20% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08–1.32). Hysterectomies were associated with 8% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.16).ConclusionIn this large prospective cohort study, endocrine events signaling less estradiol exposure (i.e., later age at menarche, younger age at menopause, shorter reproductive span, and hysterectomies) were associated with elevated risk of dementia.

Download Full-text

Association between reproductive factors and postmenopausal osteoporosis

Osteologie/Osteology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (03) ◽

pp. 248-251

Author(s):

H. R. Meybodi ◽

N. Khalili ◽

P. Khashayar ◽

R. Heshmat ◽

A. Hossein-nezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Reproductive Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Menstrual History ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding

SummaryThe present cross-sectional research was designed to study possible correlations between clinical reproductive factors and bone mineral density (BMD) values.Using the data gathered by the population-based Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), we investigated the correlation found between reproductive factors and osteoporosis. Subjects were recruited from five major cities of Iran. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and the results were analyzed against the age at menarche and at menopause, number of pregnancies, children and abortions, and the history (and duration) of breastfeeding.Data was available for 2528 women. Gravidity and number of children were reversely correlated with BMD. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher BMD values, whereas there was no significant correlation between age at menopause and menstrual history and BMD.Our study suggests that clinical reproductive factors, particularly number of children and breastfeeding, could be incorporated as predictors of BMD levels in women. Given the controversial results obtained in different studies, longitudinal studies should be carried out to enlighten the importance of these factors and the rationale of their use to predict BMD values in different settings.

Download Full-text

Gene-Environment Interactions Relevant to Estrogen and Risk of Breast Cancer: Can Gene-Environment Interactions Be Detected Only among Candidate SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2370

Author(s):

JooYong Park ◽

Ji-Yeob Choi ◽

Jaesung Choi ◽

Seokang Chung ◽

Nan Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Minor Allele ◽

Estrogen Metabolism ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Estrogen Exposure ◽

Gene Environment ◽

Independent Population

In this study we aim to examine gene–environment interactions (GxEs) between genes involved with estrogen metabolism and environmental factors related to estrogen exposure. GxE analyses were conducted with 1970 Korean breast cancer cases and 2052 controls in the case-control study, the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS). A total of 11,555 SNPs from the 137 candidate genes were included in the GxE analyses with eight established environmental factors. A replication test was conducted by using an independent population from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 62,485 Europeans and 9047 Asians. The GxE tests were performed by using two-step methods in GxEScan software. Two interactions were found in the SEBCS. The first interaction was shown between rs13035764 of NCOA1 and age at menarche in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.2 × 10−3). The age at menarche before 14 years old was associated with the high risk of breast cancer, and the risk was higher when subjects had homozygous minor allele G. The second GxE was shown between rs851998 near ESR1 and height in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.1 × 10−4). Height taller than 160 cm was associated with a high risk of breast cancer, and the risk increased when the minor allele was added. The findings were not replicated in the BCAC. These results would suggest specificity in Koreans for breast cancer risk.

Download Full-text

Health indicators of children 10-11 years old at physical education lessons (cycling module)

Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) ◽

10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.10(141).24 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-116

Author(s):

Maryna Prudnikova ◽

Katerina Mulik

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The Body ◽

Main Role ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Grade 5 ◽

The Future ◽

Demographic Processes

The future of Ukraine is children, the future of demographic processes largely depends on their number, their health. The main role in the child's life is played by the dynamic process of growth and biological maturation, where one of the informative indicators is the cardiovascular system. In case of severe discomfort in the body, it is necessary to stop classes and consult a doctor. All physical activity must correspond to the physical fitness and age of the children. The cycling module is designed for 24 hours, according to the schedule, two physical education lessons were paired. For an effective lesson. In the course of the lessons, they mastered theoretical information (10 %), general and special physical training (20 %), technical training (70 %). During physical culture classes using a bicycle, objective factors were taken into account, such as the availability of a sports ground for technical riding, equipment (30 bicycles), and the weather conditions of the region. Over the course of one and a half months, the conducted classes formed the necessary skills for safe cycling, technical skill in children of 10-11 years old, provided the necessary foundation for physical fitness and motivation to go in for sports. The increase in adaptive indices of the heart was 14 % in grade 5-A, 8 % in grade 5-B, and 15 % in grade 5-V of the total number of children in each grade. This indicates that muscular work took place with positive consequences for the functional state of the body of children aged 10-11 years.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2791 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yanjie Zhang ◽

Chunxiao Li ◽

Liye Zou ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Wook Song

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Study Quality ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Control Intervention ◽

Global Cognition ◽

Evidence Database

Background: As the situation of cognitive aging is getting worse, preventing or treating cognitive decline through effective strategies is highly important. This systematic review aims to investigate whether mind-body exercise is an effective approach for treating cognition decline. Methods: Searches for the potential studies were performed on the eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PsycArtilces, CNKI, and Wanfang). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of mind-body exercise on cognitive performance in older adults were included. Data were extracted and effect sizes were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random-effects models. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale was employed to examine the study quality. Results: Nineteen RCTs including 2539 elders (67.3% female) with fair to good study quality were identified. Mind-body exercise, relative to control intervention, showed significant benefits on cognitive performance, global cognition (Hedges’g = 0.23), executive functions (Hedges’g = 0.25 to 0.65), learning and memory (Hedges’g = 0.37 to 0.49), and language (Hedges’g = 0.35). In addition, no significant adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Mind-body exercise may be a safe and effective intervention for enhancing cognitive function among people aged 60 years or older. Further research evidence is still needed to make a more conclusive statement.

Download Full-text

Reproductive History and Cognitive Aging: The Bogalusa Heart Study

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 217-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emily W. Harville ◽

Jack Guralnik ◽

Maryellen Romero ◽

Lydia A. Bazzano

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Aging ◽

Reproductive History ◽

Bogalusa Heart Study ◽

Heart Study

Download Full-text

Partly reversible central auditory dysfunction induced by cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2013.7.jns13674 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

pp. 1125-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ester Ponzetto ◽

Marco Vinetti ◽

Cécile Grandin ◽

Thierry Duprez ◽

Vincent van Pesch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Cerebral Vasospasm ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Intraarterial Infusion ◽

Auditory Dysfunction ◽

The Right

The authors describe a rare case of central auditory dysfunction induced by cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A 55-year-old woman who was admitted after aneurysmal SAH developed cerebral vasospasm on Day 3 affecting mainly the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and partly the left MCA. The vasospasm became refractory to conventional therapy and was ultimately improved by intraarterial infusion of nimodipine in the right MCA and angioplasty. Severe auditory dysfunction was apparent from Day 10 as the patient was not reactive to speech or environmental sounds. Brain MRI on Day 17 demonstrated infarcted areas mainly in the right hippocampus, medial occipital lobe, and thalamus. The patient underwent further examination using audiometry, speech testing, auditory evoked potentials, functional MRI, and cerebral PET. The initial diagnosis was extended nonverbal agnosia and total pure word deafness. The central auditory dysfunction improved over 6 months, with persisting hyperacusis, tinnitus, and amusia. Central auditory dysfunction is a rare complication after SAH. While cortical deafness may be associated with bilateral lesions of the temporal cortex, partly reversible central auditory dysfunction was observed in this patient after prominently unilateral right temporal lesions. The role of the interthalamic connections can be discussed, as well as the possibility that a less severe vasospasm on the left MCA could have transiently impaired the left thalamocortical auditory pathways.

Download Full-text

Olfactory impairment is related to tau pathology and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

10.1101/2020.08.31.20183558 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Klein ◽

Xinyu Yan ◽

Aubrey Johnson ◽

Zeljko Tomljanovic ◽

James Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Odor Identification ◽

Amyloid Pet ◽

Tau Pathology ◽

Olfactory Impairment ◽

T Tau

Background: Olfactory impairment is evident in Alzheimers disease (AD), however, its precise relationships with in vivo measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation are not well understood. Objective: To determine if odor identification performance measured with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is related to in vivo measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation. Methods: Participants were selected from an established research cohort of adults aged 50 and older who underwent neuropsychological testing, brain MRI, and amyloid PET. Fifty-four participants were administered the UPSIT. Forty-one underwent 18F-MK-6240 PET and fifty-three underwent 11C-PBR28 PET to measure tau pathology and neuroinflammation, respectively. Twenty-three participants had lumbar puncture to measure CSF concentrations of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and beta;-amyloid (AB42). Results: Low UPSIT performance was associated with greater18F-MK-6240 binding in medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, middle/inferior temporal gyri, inferior parietal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). Similar relationships were seen for 11C-PBR28. These relationships were primarily driven by amyloid-positive participants. Lower UPSIT performance was associated with greater CSF concentrations of t-tau and p-tau (p < 0.05). Amyloid status and cognitive status exhibited independent effects on UPSIT performance (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Olfactory identification deficits are related to extent of tau pathology and neuroinflammation, particularly in those with amyloid pathophysiology. That amyloid-positivity and cognitive impairment are independently associated with odor identification suggests that low UPSIT performance may signify risk of AD pathophysiology in cognitively normal individuals and that impaired odor identification is associated with AD and non-AD-related neurodegeneration.

Download Full-text

Body structure and maturation – the association with environmental factors

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2017-0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 141-151

Author(s):

Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka ◽

Anna Siniarska ◽

Aneta Sikorska ◽

Sławomir Kozieł

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Parental Education ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Body Height ◽

Principal Component ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Body Proportion ◽

Body Build ◽

Number Of Children

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physique, maturation and some environmental factors. The study was conducted in Warsaw, between 2012 and 2013 in randomly selected schools. The material included 171 girls, aged 12-20 years. Body height and weight, upper and lower extremity length, subcutaneous fat folds on arm, subscapular and abdominal, circumferences of arm, chest, waist and hip were measured. Body proportion indices were calculated. The questionnaire form provided information on parental education and profession, and the number of children in family. Girls were asked about age at menarche, number of daily meals, level of physical activity, participation is sport, and level of stress at home and at school. The principal component analysis was applied and 4 factors were extracted from the set of living condition characteristics (F1 - Parental education & father’s occupation, F2 - Mother’s occupation and the number of children, F3 - Stress, F4 - Physical activity and number of daily meals). Regression analysis allowed to evaluate the association of body build characteristics and age at menarche with the four factors. Factor 1 and 4 were the only ones which showed a statistically significant association with body build. The results showed that girls who were taller, with smaller arm and waist circumferences and less adiposity came from families with higher parental education and better father’s profession. Taller stature, longer legs and less adiposity characterized girls who were more physically active and consumed more than three meals a day.

Download Full-text

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Ibu dalam Pemanfaatan Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Menteng Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v6i1.1353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

Nita Theresia ◽

Rikiy Rikiy

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Achievement Rate ◽

Public Health Indicators ◽

Age Range

Central Kalimantan achievement rate in several public health indicators is below the national achievement such as Td2+ immunization coverage (46.2%), postpartum maternity service coverage (76.75%), complete basic immunization coverage (87.3%), and prevalence of lean children (10.6%) and stunting (39%). Utilization of health services, especially posyandu, is still not optimal, which has an impact on the number of children under five suffering from malnutrition and the coverage of several posyandu activities that are still below the national achievement rate. The research design used was observational analytic using a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were all mothers who came to posyandu who were selected by the total sampling technique. From the results of univariate analysis, most mothers who actively use services at posyandu are mothers who are in the age range of 20-35 years, amounting to 55%, the last high school education is as much as 40%, mothers who have toddlers and not working 85%, affordable distance 90%, and non-routine visits to posyandu 87.5%. Based on bivariate analysis, no independent variables (age, education, occupation, and distance) were found which showed the influence on the use of posyandu services.

Download Full-text