The Influence of Institutional Affiliation and Social Ecology on Sound Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-69
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Institutional Affiliation ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The Difference

The social mechanisms that influence the direction of language change operate along the demarcations of networks of communication (Bloomfield 1933; Milroy and Milroy 1985). Within geographic regions, the focused organizations that individuals participate in structure the lines of communication (Feld 1981) and the socio-demographic composition (social ecology) therein limits the options of peers to associate with (McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Cook 2001). Schools have their own social ecology (McFarland et al. 2014) and attendance at schools can explain language change at a level above social interaction but below the level of community (Dodsworth and Benton 2017, 2019). This study uses acoustic vowel measurements from 132 speakers in three geographically contiguous cities located in northwestern Wisconsin. Modeling results indicate (1) similar socio-geographic contexts lead to linguistic similarity; (2) dissimilarity in social ecology leads to greater linguistic dissimilarity as the difference between a dyads’ years of birth increases; (3) net of local socio-geographic context and social ecology, similarity in sex and age leads to linguistic similarity and vice versa. These patterns indicate that local social ecologies further demarcate the lines of communication thereby structuring the form of language at a level between the micro interactional and the macro level of the speech community.

The Development of Metropolitan Languages in Post-Colonial Contexts: Language Contact and Language Change and the Case of Portuguese in Maputo

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-213
Author(s):  
Christopher Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
The Social

This article explores briefly some phenomena of potential indigenization of the Portuguese spoken in Mozambique. Data for the study has been taken from work that is currently underway in Maputo, Mozambique, that was originally initiated to investigate contact varieties of Portuguese and to probe their educational implications. Speech samples comprise formal interviews and non-formal encounters from a socio-demographically representative sample of informants. The article first provides an inventory of some non-standard European Portuguese variants that are found in this data, and subsequently focusses upon a discussion of what contribution different linguistic processes make to indigenization, specifically the role played by processes of second language acquisition in a context of massive and diffuse language contact and change. Special attention is also paid to the social contexts in which different manifestations of language contact are found, and the importance of linguistic ideology for the form that language contact takes in particular cases is explored. The article concludes with the suggestion that the salient characteristics of types of non-native speech community such as Maputo require a reconceptualization of models and methods of contact linguistics and second language acquisition, and that this in turn carries implications for the terms of reference and analysis to which indigenization need be related.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL KOMUNITAS SAMIN DENGAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village

Komunitas Samin merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desa Klopoduwur yang menganut dan mempertahankan ajaran Samin Surosentiko. Komunitas Samin mempunyai tata cara, adat istiadat, bahasa serta norma-norma yang berbeda dengan masyarakat pada umumnya. Dalam kajian ini penulis menjelaskan tentang bentuk interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar desa Klopoduwur, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interaksi sosial antar komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat desa Klopoduwur dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam interaksi sosial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar berupa kerja sama, akomodasi dan asimilasi. Sedangkan konflik atau pertentangan dalam interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan mayarakat sekitar desa Klopoduwur tidak tampak jelas. Interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yakni situasi sosial, kekuasaan norma kelompok, tujuan pribadi, kedudukan dan kondisi individu serta penafsiran situasi. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar adalah perbedaan bahasa yang sulit dipahami oleh masyarakat sekitar,dan adanya perbedaan nilai antara kedua kelompok sosial tersebut.. Samin community is part of the village community Klopoduwur who embrace and defend the teachings of Surosentiko Samin. Samin community has ordinances, customs, language and norms that are different from society at large. In this study, the author describes forms of social interaction between Samin and their surrounding community in Klopoduwur village, factors that affect the social interaction and the obstacles they faced. The study results indicate that these forms of social interaction between the community of Samin and local residents take the form of cooperation, accommodation and assimilation. There are no conflicts or contradictions in the social interaction between the Samin community and their neighbours. Samin social interaction between communities and local residents affected by various factors, namely the social situation, the power of group norms, personal goals, status and condition of the individual as well as the interpretation of the situation. Constraints encountered in the social interaction between communities and local residents Samin is the difference in language, and the value difference between the two social groups.

Social Network Approach in African Sociolinguistics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Beyer ◽  
Henning Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Western World ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social

The Social Network Analysis approach (SNA), also known as sociometrics or actor-network analysis, investigates social structure on the basis of empirically recorded social ties between actors. It thereby aims to explain e.g. the processes of flow of information, spreading of innovations, or even pathogens throughout the network by actor roles and their relative positions in the network based on quantitative and qualitative analyses. While the approach has a strong mathematical and statistical component, the identification of pertinent social ties also requires a strong ethnographic background. With regard to social categorization, SNA is well suited as a bootstrapping technique for highly dynamic communities and under-documented contexts. Currently, SNA is widely applied in various academic fields. For sociolinguists, it offers a framework for explaining the patterning of linguistic variation and mechanisms of language change in a given speech community. The social tie perspective developed around 1940, in the field of sociology and social anthropology based on the ideas of Simmel, and was applied later in fields such as innovation theory. In sociolinguistics, it is strongly connected to the seminal work of Lesley and James Milroy and their Belfast studies (1978, 1985). These authors demonstrate that synchronic speaker variation is not only governed by broad societal categories but is also a function of communicative interaction between speakers. They argue that the high level of resistance against linguistic change in the studied community is a result of strong and multiplex ties between the actors. Their approach has been followed by various authors, including Gal, Lippi-Green, and Labov, and discussed for a variety of settings; most of them, however, are located in the Western world. The methodological advantages could make SNA the preferred framework for variation studies in Africa due to the prevailing dynamic multilingual conditions, often on the backdrop of less standardized languages. However, rather few studies using SNA as a framework have yet been conducted. This is possibly due to the quite demanding methodological requirements, the overall effort, and the often highly complex linguistic backgrounds. A further potential obstacle is the pace of theoretical development in SNA. Since its introduction to sociolinguistics, various new measures and statistical techniques have been developed by the fast growing SNA community. Receiving this vast amount of recent literature and testing new concepts is likewise a challenge for the application of SNA in sociolinguistics. Nevertheless, the overall methodological effort of SNA has been much reduced by the advancements in recording technology, data processing, and the introduction of SNA software (UCINET) and packages for network statistics in R (‘sna’). In the field of African sociolinguistics, a more recent version of SNA has been implemented in a study on contact-induced variation and change in Pana and Samo, two speech communities in the Northwest of Burkina Faso. Moreover, further enhanced applications are on the way for Senegal and Cameroon, and even more applications in the field of African languages are to be expected.

Syntax and Contact-Induced Language Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-154
Author(s):  
Malcolm Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The chapter examines contact-induced change in grammatical constructions. Scholars know of only a few cases where evidence is available of both (i) the social context of constructional change and (ii) the grammars of the copying language before and after change and the model language during the change. Most examples are drawn from two European languages which largely fulfil these conditions. Contact-induced constructional change occurs either through bilingualism or through rapid language shift. Bilingually induced change is exemplified by Colloquial Upper Sorbian, rapid language shift by rural Irish English. Four degrees of change are identified: increased frequency of use, change in function, constructional calquing and metatypy. The chapter then discusses the mechanisms and social contexts of constructional change and compares bilingually induced and shift-induced change, leading to the observation that metatypy is restricted to bilingually induced change. In other respects both kinds of change have similar effects. This means that contact-induced change in grammatical constructions serves to diagnose the difference between bilingually induced change and rapid language shift only in rather rare instances.

scholarly journals Interferensi Bahasa Ibu Oleh Guru dan Implikasinya Terhadap Bahasa Indonesia di SMP Negeri 13 Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ivone Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Language changes according to the influence of historical, psychological, social and cultural ( Hickerson 1980 : 5 ). Universality and diversity of language variation in terms of characteristics and functions of language can be observed in the school as an official institution in the field of education that organizes the learling process is considered as a small speech community or public education. As we know, school is a gathering place speakers who come from various backgrounds and different cultural communities. When the situation and conditions is the social interaction associated with the culture of each individual in the school, it appears that the communication that includes similarities and differences in the expression of speech of each individual. The core prolem in this reseach is the analysis the forms and causes interference language used by the teacher during the learning process takes place. The aims of this reseach were : identify and analyze the forms of interference mother language used by teacher.

An intonational change in progress in Australian English

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Guy ◽  
Barbara Horvath ◽  
Julia Vonwiller ◽  
Elaine Daisley ◽  
Inge Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Australian English

ABSTRACTMany speakers of current Australian English often use a high-rising intonation in statements. This usage, which has been termed Australian Questioning Intonation (AQI), has a nonpropositional, interactive meaning (checking for listener comprehension) and interacts with the turn-taking mechanism of conversation. A quantitative study of the use of AQI in Sydney reveals that it has the social distribution characteristic of a language change in progress: higher rates of usage among working-class speakers, teenagers, and women. Real time data confirm this, showing that the form was almost nonexistent in this speech community two decades earlier. The social motivations of this innovation are examined in terms of local identity and the entry of new ethnic groups into the community, and possible linguistic sources are discussed. The utility of quantitative methods in studying meaningful linguistic variables is demonstrated. (Australian English, language change in progress, intonation, sociolinguistic variation, social class, social motivation)

The Structure of Phonological Networks and Social Identity of Heritage Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Mohd Hamid Raza
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speech Segment ◽  
The Difference

This paper provides the basic information of the phonological networks and social identity about the heritage languages. The phonological networks convey the classification of the sound systems, while the social identity declares the difference among the native speakers of the heritage languages. The problem is investigated that how a particular speech segment created the variation among the speakers of the different languages in the speech communities. The objective of this paper is to determine the unique segments of the heritage languages and how these segments clear the social identity of the speakers in a particular speech community. The researcher collected the sample of primary and secondary data from the gadgets and the speakers of the heritage languages. The sample of data goes to the social characteristics of ages between twenty and forty of the respondents both male and female. The data are collected through observation, interview and the available literature of the heritage languages. For the collection of primary data, the high quality of the tape recorder is used and put approach to the mouth of the respondents for the recording at the time of interview. After the data collection, it is analysed base on the aspects of phonetics and phonology to find out the social identity of the respondents. In the result, it is found out that one particular speech segment represented the social identity of the speakers. In the framework of conclusion, it is represented that Urdu has different types of the speech segments covered all the processes of production, transmission, and perception.

ETHNIC DIVERSITY OF BANTENESE SOCIETY

ALQALAM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ayatullah Humaeni
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Difference

As an area that had ever been under the authority of Hindu Kingdom of Padjajaran in which the majority of its society professed Hindu and it had ever become one of the International trading centres and one of the central spots of Islamic studies in the archipelago during The Islamic Sultanate of Banten period in which many people of various ethnics came into Banten not only for conducting trading activities, but also for conducting religious proselytizing (dakwah) and studying Islam, Banten looked like becoming a magnet for people from many ethnics to earn a living, even to live permanently in Banten. Furthermore, they assimilated, integrated and conducted social interaction with local community of Banten. The majority of Bantenese society basically consisted of two dominant ethnics, "Jawa Banten people" and "Sunda Banten people". However, it is wrong to consider that Sundanese ethnic of Banten is the same as Sundanese people of Priangan, Jawa Barat and Javanese ethnic of Banten is similar to Javanese people in Central and East Java due to the difference of languages and cultures among them. As stated on the title, this article discusses the ethnic diversity of Banten. Furthermore, this article also tries to explain the social structure of Bantenese society in the sultanate period, the pre-colonial period, and post-colonial period.

scholarly journals Evidence of Variable Gender Role in Defining Language Change Leadership in Syrian Arabic

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Change Leadership ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Linguistic Difference ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

This study aims to present evidence of gender variability among leaders of language change across different sociolinguistic variables, five phonological variables (a consonant and four vowels) and a discourse variable in Syrian Arabic, within the same speech community. Employing a sociolinguistic variationist approach and comparing children to adults yielded different gendered linguistic behavior. Children show the same dramatic gendered linguistic difference as adults regarding the variable (q), with males using much more rural [q] than urban [ʔ] than females. Regarding the vowel variables, children dramatize their gendered linguistic difference much more than adults; boys show much higher use of the rural vowels than girls compared to the difference between men and women. This pattern is reversed in the discourse variable (yaʕni) ‘that is/I mean’; the gendered linguistic difference is more dramatic among adults than it is among children, and gender effect diminishes in the linguistic distribution of the variable. This multidirectionality in gender effects bears implications for sociolinguistic variationist research. Variables indexed to urban refinement/prestige and social meanings such as femininity/masculinity are more likely to be led by females than males. Conversely, variables that lack these types of social/gender identification indexicality, regardless of whether they are phonological or discursive, do not follow the same pattern of leadership.

Bilingual adolescent vowel production in the Parisian suburbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1315
Author(s):  
Margaret Cychosz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Language Change ◽  
First Language ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Language Influence

Aims and objectives: The study examines how bilingualism and adolescent identity interact to influence acoustic vowel patterns. This is examined in students at a secondary school in the socially and economically disadvantaged working-class Parisian suburbs. Design: The front, round vowels /y/, /ø/, and /œ/ were analyzed in the speech of ( N = 22) adolescents. Three student groups were juxtaposed: monolingual Franco-French ( N = 9) and two simultaneous bilingual groups, Arabic-French ( N = 6), and Bantu-French ( N = 7). Crucially, unlike French, these contact languages do not have phonemically round front vowels. Data and analysis: To elicit naturalistic speech, sociolinguistic interviews were conducted with students speaking in dyads or small groups. Vowel roundedness, derived from acoustic measurements of the third formant and the difference between the third and second formants, was compared across speaker groups. Findings: Results show an effect of bilingual status for male speakers – monolingual speakers pattern differently from both bilingual groups. Still, bilingual Bantu-French and Arabic-French speakers show some distinct patterning. This suggests influences beyond first-language phonology on bilingual speakers’ production of French. Originality: This is one of the first studies to look beyond Arabic substrate influence in emerging Hexagonal urban youth vernaculars. It contributes naturalistic data from those most prone to language change, adolescents, for the study of French in contact. Finally, the study proposes a type of ‘laboratory in the field’: because none of the contact languages contrast vowels by roundedness, first-language influence is controlled for and the effect of social stigmatization upon speech can be isolated. Implications: The findings suggest that the social and ethnic divisions between dominant ethnic groups and minorities of immigrant descent may even be reflected in their phonetic patterning. Because these patterns are present in adolescents, who are the source of much language change, a connection between segregation and language change is drawn.

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