Clean and Green

Meridians ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Sri Craven
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
The Poor

Abstract This short story examines the class and caste dimensions of gender under economic liberalization in India through the experiences of its protagonist, Rani. It elicits the ways the new economic model purportedly ushers in a new modernity, even as the conditions of the poor remain the same within historically established social hierarchies and the damage inflicted on the environment.

scholarly journals Condemnation of Religious Concepts: An Examination of Chubak's "An Afternoon in Late Autumn" through Bakhtin's Theory of Grotesque Realism

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Anoosheh ◽  
Muhammad Hussein Oroskhan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Lower Section ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Style Of Writing ◽  
A Site

The first traces of modernism in Iranian society can be found in the second decade of twentieth century which was deeply embedded with religious concepts. With regard to Persian literature, short story was developed as a new genre and a sign of modernism of that period by prominent Iranian writers such as Sadeq Hedayat (1903-1951), Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh (1892-1997) and Sadegh Chubak (1916-1998). In this way a cultural clash was broken out between the traditional religious concepts and the new modern ideas. Among these writers, Chubak was more influenced by the doctrine of modernism. He expressed his message colloquially through his short stories to instigate the lower part of society. His naturalistic style of writing delved into the most gruesome details of people's life with the aim of shocking his reader in experiencing a new perspective previously ignored. To highlight Chubak's style of writing attempt is made to explore one of the highly praised short stories entitled "An Afternoon in Late Autumn" on the ground of the Bakhtin's theory of grotesque realism cited in Rabelais and His World. Grotesque realism is a site upon which religious and social hierarchies can be subverted and renewed. This study tries to reveal that Chubak followed the Bakhtin's grotesque realism to evoke a new outlook particularly in the lower section of society.

If “Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola” Then “Cold Drink Means Toilet Cleaner”: Environmentalism of the Dispossessed in Liberalizing India

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
Amanda Ciafone
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Corporate Globalization ◽  
Consumer Citizenship ◽  
Village Communities

AbstractWith the sudden, almost ubiquitous reentry of The Coca-Cola Company to India during economic liberalization, the branded commodity became a sign of both aspirational global consumer-citizenship for India's urban middle class and of corporate enclosure for those dispossessed of material and symbolic resources to fuel this consumption. Village communities around several of Coca-Cola's rural plants, including in Mehdiganj, Uttar Pradesh, organized against the company's operations, which they accused of exploiting and polluting common groundwater in the production of bottled drinks as an increasing expanse of the country fell into a crisis of water scarcity. This “environmentalism of the poor” has articulated a powerful critique of corporate globalization and privatization, illuminating the exploitation of the resources of the rural poor for the consumption of those on the other side of an increasingly widening economic divide.

scholarly journals Negotiating Independence: Manliness and Begging Letters in Late Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of

Begging letters provide a rich source for historians of the poor, who have used them to explore their lives, constructions of identity, and regional variation in charitable giving. The rhetoric of benevolence and gratitude that pervades them, however, has often been dismissed as ‘inauthentic’ or as interfering with our access to the words of the poor. This chapter explores how Scottish beggars used the language of gratitude in their letters to patrons, contributing to both a history of letter-writing and masculinity amongst the poor. It highlights the way that an emotional-charitable language placed patron and client in a hierarchical social relationship that brought benefits to both parties. It argues that, rather than being an unmanly act, begging could provide space for poor or subordinate men to articulate their masculine identities within a society where social hierarchies were normal and understood as key to social order.

scholarly journals Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (201) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Healthcare Coverage ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

Guatemala has enjoyed a prolonged period of macroeconomic stability underpinned by prudent fiscal management and a credible monetary policy. Despite strong fundamentals, Guatemala’s social and economic model has proved vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Limited healthcare coverage, especially of the poor and rural populations, pose a substantial challenge to contain the spread of the virus. Amidst plummeting remittances and essential containment measures, growth prospects have deteriorated markedly, creating large fiscal and external financing needs. Risks to the outlook are firmly tilted to the downside.

scholarly journals Marxism in Zakia Mashhadi's Death of an Insect

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (III) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatima ◽  
Aadil Ahmed ◽  
Shahzeb Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Rich

Poverty is the root cause of exploitation of the poor at the hands of the rich in the root structure of the society that leads the poor towards the state of self-pity. This study is an interlink between the domains of World Englishes, Freudo-Marxist Literature, Trauma Literature and Postcolonial Literature. The postcolonial context of the subcontinent amidst language appropriation is the major theme that witnesses the phenomenon of exploitation and poverty through the canvas of Freudo-Marxist Literature. The current study attempts to find Marxist themes, predominantly exploitation and poverty, from a short story Death of an Insect by Zakia Mashhadi. The textual qualitative method of analysis proceeds under the operational theoretical lens of Edgar W. Schneider and Karl Marx. The former deals with textual analysis through language appropriation, while the latter deals with thematic analysis through the behaviour of the bourgeoisie towards the proletariat, respectively. The study has found that the upper class, for their vested interests, even for the satisfaction of their ego, brutally exploit the poor working class, who have to suffer and bear all inhuman behaviour without any resistance. Thus, this continuous Vicious Circle of exploitation and poverty cause difficulties and hardships for the poor class.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONFLIK SOSIAL DALAM CERPEN “KETIKA CINTA TAK DIRESTUI” KARYA TARJOYO (TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yuti Mahrita
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak: Konflik merupakan pertentangan atau perbedaan antara dua orang atau kelompok.  Konflik politik terbentuk karena adanya penguasa politik.  Kekuasaan politik mempunyai cirri-ciri masyarakat secara keseluruhan sebagai objeknya. Konflik merupakan bagian kehidupan sosial, konflik sosial di latarbelakangi  oleh perbedaan ciri-ciri yang  dibawa individu dalam suatu interaksi. Konflik sosial yang terkandung dalam cerpen “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” karya Tarjoyo mengacu pada konflik eksternal khususnya pada konflik sosial.  Mulanya konflik ini terjadi karena adanya pertentangan antara keluarga Risky yang kaya raya dan keluarga Nana yang miskin.  Karena adanya perebedaan status sosial yang menghalangi cinta Nana dan risky yang membuat orang tua Risky tidak merestui Nana untuk mendampingi Risky.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif  kualitatif.  Data yang dihasilkan berupa kata-kata dalam bentuk kutipan-kutipan.Kata kunci: Konflik, konflik sosial, sastra, masyarakat,kekuasaan. Abstract: Conflict is dispute or contradiction between two or more people. Political conflict happened because there was political power. The character of political power is society as the object. Conflict is a part of social life which is happened because the difference of characters brought by individual when he/she has interaction. Social conflict in this short story “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” by Tarjoyo refers to external conflict especially social conflict. At first this conflict happens because there is contradiction of social status and social class between Rizky, the rich and Nana, the poor. Because of this status there is barrier between their love, Rizky and Nana, it makes Rizky’s parent doesn’t bless Nana to live with Rizky.This study uses qualitative descriptive method. The data are in the form of words and quotes.Key words: Conflict, political and sosial conflict, literature, society, power.

‘It is astonishing how little literature has to show of the life of the poor’: Ford Madox Ford’s The English Review and D. H. Lawrence’s Early Short Fiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Annalise Grice
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Early Publication ◽  
The Poor ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Insight Into

Ford Madox Ford’s founding (but short lived) editorship of The English Review from 1908-1910 inspired and provided an early publication venue for the young D. H. Lawrence, who wrote several of his early stories and sketches to please his new literary mentor as he began to move in metropolitan literary circles. This chapter identifies a consistent focus on working-class themes across contributions to The English Review and outlines Ford’s interest in the conte, or what he termed ‘the real short story’, which was in Ford’s eyes best modelled by Henry James and the nineteenth-century European tradition of Maupassant and Balzac. These were writers Lawrence also admired and Ford deemed Lawrence’s earliest regional stories to be apposite for his cultural journal which called for more working class voices, an insight into the life of the poor and greater experimentation in the short form by English writers. The chapter also considers that Lawrence’s production of several (little-known) short sketches on his experiences as a schoolteacher in Croydon were intended for Ford’s journal.

scholarly journals The Concept of New Women in the Short Stories of Odia Writer Binapani Mohanty

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Chinmayee Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
New Woman ◽  
New Women ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Individual Woman ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Story Writer ◽  
Poor Class

I deliberate on examining few of the liberated women or the New Women presented in an Odia short story writer  Binapani Mohanty’s stories.  In her stories, the persona and disposition is finding a place for constructive thrive, but again those are not really allowed to flourish in a full fledged manner. With the change of time and different dynamics of the modern scenario, women have started to become aware of the happening surrounded by them. A liberated woman thinks on her own, can take decision, has the ability to accept or reject any idea. They hold their own opinion. But when patriarchy operates, to what extent they have been allowed for expression is the next thing to be examined. Talking about the New Women is more appropriate than New Woman. Every individual woman has a different circumstance to respond to. Her portrayal of new women is different from the idea of the Victorian New Woman.  In the modern context, they have to endure lots of struggle and suffering.  Mohanty’s characters are mostly the middle class women, who are affected by every small little change in the society. She has also drawn a parallel with the doubly disadvantageous lot of the society, the poor class women. In every situation the characters so dynamically adopt to every situation.

scholarly journals The Realization of the Bad Impact of Early Capitalism in Oscar Wilde’s “The Happy Prince”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Nor Holis ◽  
Ratna Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Good For

Living under feudalism and capitalism seems very good for those who were born from rich people. It is because they do not have to struggle of their life and would get everything as desire. Meanwhile, it is very hard for poor people because their live is worse and if they do not struggle of the life they might die. “The Happy Prince” is the story that shows how the feudalism and early capitalism work in the society. People live contradictory under those systems. Fortunately, since the capitalism applies, the poor people find new hope. Their laborpower is paid so that they are to feed themselves and the family. Besides, they work for the capitalists’ happiness. This new term of live is not a big different from feudal system. The payment for the poor who work is a very little difference that makes the poor happy. This research aims to describe how the feudalism and the early capitalism work in the short story. Using the sociological approach as to the evidences of the feudalism and the early capitalism system in the story is chosen to describe the impacts of those systems toward society. The result of this research shows that poor people accept the system of capitalism than the feudalism. It is because their labor-power is paid. This condition is different from previous system (feudalism) that makes poor people are getting worse because they must work freely.

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