Cumulative Structure in Zhuangzi's “The Great and Venerable Teacher”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Xinda Lian
Keyword(s):  
Value System ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Parallel Structures ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
The Way

Abstract The secret of the “cumulative structure,” one of Zhuangzi's favorite rhetorical devices, is “adding.” To add is not to repeat but to arrange meanings of different shapes in various incremental parallel structures. This effective tool is used in his chapter titled “The Great and Venerable Teacher” to explicate the highest order of true understanding of the Way, or zhenzhi, and to symbolize the climactic pursuit of the Daoist truth. Vertically the Daoist epistemological value system, with the zhenzhi at its apex, is extended into a graphic hierarchy; horizontally the step-by-step progressive process of the attainment of this true knowledge is sometimes subjected to contemplative examination and sometimes compressed along the axle of time flow into an intense moment of sudden enlightenment. Since the cumulative structure works as a living body of correlation, the palpable contour of which corresponds to the message it conveys, it enables the readers to experience—not just to understand—Zhuangzi's teaching.

Compremos como galegos

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-52
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary World ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
A Current ◽  
The Way

Abstract This work investigates a place of intersection between advertising and politics in Galicia, namely the series of television spots created by the supermarket chain GADIS under the title Vivamos como galegos. Most studies of this series have focused exclusively on the first spot and have argued that the success of the ad is due primarily to the way it makes Galician identity attractive. While agreeing that this factor is important, the present analysis expands on previous studies by analyzing rhetorical devices in and intertextual relationships between five ads in the series to argue that these spots discursively create an imaginary world in which Galician language and culture are timeless and will not be lost. This ideal characteristic responds to a current concern of Galician society, namely, the decreasing use of the regional language among youth. In creating this Galician world, GADIS discursively paints itself as a defender of all things Galician, which has led it to become “a campaña de maior éxito do momento” (Souto 2008, 199).

scholarly journals Ricoeur on time: From Husserl to Augustine

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert J. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
The Way

The development in Ricoeur’s concept of time did not receive as much attention as his move from eidetic to hermeneutic phenomenology and his  Time and Narrative, with which it coincided. This paper attends to the lacuna, specifically departing from Ricoeur’s Husserlian eidetics and moving towards the influence of Augustine’s discussion of the main aporias of time. Initially, Paul Ricoeur’s philosophic approach can be described as a Husserlian eidetic phenomenology, which influenced the way in which he understood time. This changed somewhat when Ricoeur moved from eidetic to hermeneutic phenomenology. Ricoeur has developed his understanding of the concept of time since his initial writings up to the end of his academic career of 70 years. This article focusses on Ricoeur’s initial eidetic approach in Freedom and Nature and, in more existential terms, in Fallible man, but also focusses on the initial phase of his turn to hermeneutics in Volume 1 of Time and Narrative with his exposition of Augustine’s views on time. His eidetic approach stems from his appreciation for and extension of the work of Husserl, Marcel and Kant, while he also drew much from Heidegger and Gadamer after his hermeneutic turn. His initial arguments on the hermeneutic phenomenology of time flow from Augustine’s discussions of the aporias of time. The later extension of his understanding of time to include emplotment was a logical next step.

scholarly journals Building Leafs Nation: rhetorical devices in the online imagined community of the Toronto Maple Leafs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Iantorno
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Sports Organization ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes ◽  
E Mail ◽  
The Way

Established almost 100 years ago, the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team is known for their large, dedicated fan base called Leafs Nation. I am a devoted member of this nation and, as such, the team’s communication practices speak both to me, and about me. This major research paper (MRP) is an analysis of e-mails sent to a subscriber-only list in the context of marketing. Researching the e-mail communication from the Toronto Maple Leafs to their fan base lends itself to an understanding of the communication that occurs in a professional setting. Not only do the Toronto Maple Leafs communicate directly with their proactive fan base but I argue that the way in which they do this instills a sense of community within Leafs Nation through the use of themes, metaphors and rhetorical tropes. Communicating effectively with a fan base is an essential component in running a sports organization. Texts in the form of words and images do not only assist in getting an organization’s message to the supporters, but their connotative meanings can also contribute to the senses of community and belonging. This paper will examine how the Toronto Maple Leafs employ rhetorical devices in the e-mail newsletters sent out to Leafs Nation, as well as analyzing the rhetorical connotations in these devices. Also, I will be examining the way in which the use of rhetorical devices contributes to the creation of an online ‘imagined community,’ a concept first introduced by Benedict Anderson in 1936 in the context of nations and nationalism. Anderson stated that an imagined community does not conform to traditional ideals of a community and is constructed by those that see themselves as being a part of this community, and I see the Leafs Nation as conforming to the ideals detailed by Anderson. As such, I will be completing a qualitative textual analysis of 43 e-mails that have gone out to the subscriber-only fan list since 2012. By examining these e-mails I will attempt to identify the presence of the rhetorical devices of pathopoeia, scesis onomaton and principle of scarcity and the overall frequency with which they appear. Based on the data that emerges from my research, I will then attempt to draw correlations between the findings and attempt to link the presence of rhetorical devices as a contributing factor to the creation of Leafs Nation as an online imagined community through a qualitative textual analysis.

scholarly journals EMPLOYER BRAND IMAGE DEPENDING ON STAKEHOLDERS’ MATERIAL VALUE TENDENCY: COMMUNICATION MARKET IN TURKEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Çağla Pınar BOZOKLU
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Value System ◽  
Common Value ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Employer Brand ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Oriented Material ◽  
Average Position ◽  
The Way

According to branding and reputation literature, all stakeholders shares a common value system, which also leads developing similar perceptions towards corporates. As a value, materialism, especially effects the way that people mentally coding their environment and their lives. Preferences of consumers can differ from each other depending on how they judge the success depending on possessions or centralize the possessions in their life or are satisfied by owning them. The aim of this research is to test meaningful differences between employer brand images in terms of stakeholders’ material value tendency. A questionnaire composed of Employer Brand Image and Material Value Scales was conducted to three primary stakeholder groups. Results reveal that employer brand image differs depending on the stakeholders’ success-oriented and centrality-oriented material values for communication brands. The employer brand images of Vodafone and Turk Telekom that have the best and the worst reputation status in the market depending on being involved in a serious scandal, did not differ according to the stakeholders’ material values, whereas the employer brand image of Turkcell which has an average position in the market, statistically differed.

Personal values and pro-social behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1969-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Coppola ◽  
Fabio Verneau ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo ◽  
Teresa Panico
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Value System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of socio-economic context in affecting the relationship between personal values and the purchase of fair trade (FT) products. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on data and information collected by means of a web-administered survey and was performed in two steps. First, an explanatory factor analysis on the Schwartz value system and a confirmatory factor analysis on socio-economic context variables were carried out. Second, the per capita GDP at provincial level and the predicted factor scores were used in an ordered probit model to explain the expenditure level of FT products. Findings The results provide evidence that the value system has an effect on the consumption of FT products, but the economic context, in particular the average wealth at province level, is also relevant and plays a role by either affecting FT product purchasing levels directly or interacting with personal values. Research limitations/implications Because of the electronic submission and the specific channel used in the survey, the sample cannot be considered as representative of Italian consumers, and thus the analysis has a merely descriptive (non-inferential) function. Originality/value While several studies investigated how personal values affect consumers’ behaviour directly or indirectly, very few studies analysed the way socio-economic context interacts with the value structure and the way both aspects influence ethical consumption. The present study analyses this last aspect and provides evidence of the role economic context plays in affecting the relationship between personal values and FT products consumption.

The Balance-Plastometer: a Simple Instrument for Measuring Plasticity and Recovery of Soft Materials

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Simple Instrument ◽  
Plastic Stage ◽  
The Way

Abstract The theory of parallel-plate plastometry has recently been studied extensively by Scott and by Peek. Though the time-flow relations for substances following Bingham's or de Waele's laws are more or less mathematically solved by these authors, this is not the case for substances like rubber, which have no true yield value. Peek says that, in the case of rubber, there occurs an “overlapping of the elastic and the plastic stage,” so that the results are ambiguous. This remark seems to us very much to the point. By reason of this “overlapping” the question of the “recovery” of masticated rubber and related substances is as yet rather unsolved. Karrer's method of expressing plasticity (“softness”) and recovery in one figure is not to be regarded as a solution of the problem. Moreover, his instrument for measuring the recovery has the great disadvantage of a fixed time and rate of compression. There is no possibility of varying the time and the percentage of compression to any great extent; therefore, with his instrument it is not possible to study the way in which the “yield value” or the degree of plasticity varies with the time and the percentage of compression.

scholarly journals The reasons for the different nest shapes of Megapis bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Woyke ◽  
Jerzy Wilde ◽  
Maria Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Apis Laboriosa ◽  
The Way

Abstract Over a 37-year period, we observed 1011 active bee nests and abandoned combs of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa in Nepal, India, the Philippines, and Bhutan. This article focuses on the reasons for the different shapes of the nests. We discovered that differing ambient conditions were the reasons for the following three shapes of symmetrical nests: vertical semi-ellipse, semicircle, and the horizontal semi-ellipse. We noted that asymmetrical nests were constructed when there was lack of space to extend the comb equally in both external directions. An asymmetrical nest also appeared when remnants of a previous comb remained on one edge of the nest. Convex nests were constructed to avoid excess sun exposure. Concave nests appeared as a result of low temperatures during the night and part of the day (Nepal). An L-shape nest was constructed when there was lack of space available to extend the nest in a straight direction. The shape of the nests also determines the way the combs fall.

scholarly journals The brain as part of an enactive system

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher ◽  
Daniel D. Hutto ◽  
Jan Slaby ◽  
Jonathan Cole
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic System ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Reach And Grasp ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Representational Models ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe notion of an enactive system requires thinking about the brain in a way that is different from the standard computational-representational models. In evolutionary terms, the brain does what it does and is the way that it is, across some scale of variations, because it is part of a living body with hands that can reach and grasp in certain limited ways, eyes structured to focus, an autonomic system, an upright posture, etc. coping with specific kinds of environments, and with other people. Changes to any of the bodily, environmental, or intersubjective conditions elicit responses from the system as a whole. On this view, rather than representing or computing information, the brain is better conceived as participating in the action.

scholarly journals Building Leafs Nation: rhetorical devices in the online imagined community of the Toronto Maple Leafs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Iantorno
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Sports Organization ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes ◽  
E Mail ◽  
The Way

Established almost 100 years ago, the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team is known for their large, dedicated fan base called Leafs Nation. I am a devoted member of this nation and, as such, the team’s communication practices speak both to me, and about me. This major research paper (MRP) is an analysis of e-mails sent to a subscriber-only list in the context of marketing. Researching the e-mail communication from the Toronto Maple Leafs to their fan base lends itself to an understanding of the communication that occurs in a professional setting. Not only do the Toronto Maple Leafs communicate directly with their proactive fan base but I argue that the way in which they do this instills a sense of community within Leafs Nation through the use of themes, metaphors and rhetorical tropes. Communicating effectively with a fan base is an essential component in running a sports organization. Texts in the form of words and images do not only assist in getting an organization’s message to the supporters, but their connotative meanings can also contribute to the senses of community and belonging. This paper will examine how the Toronto Maple Leafs employ rhetorical devices in the e-mail newsletters sent out to Leafs Nation, as well as analyzing the rhetorical connotations in these devices. Also, I will be examining the way in which the use of rhetorical devices contributes to the creation of an online ‘imagined community,’ a concept first introduced by Benedict Anderson in 1936 in the context of nations and nationalism. Anderson stated that an imagined community does not conform to traditional ideals of a community and is constructed by those that see themselves as being a part of this community, and I see the Leafs Nation as conforming to the ideals detailed by Anderson. As such, I will be completing a qualitative textual analysis of 43 e-mails that have gone out to the subscriber-only fan list since 2012. By examining these e-mails I will attempt to identify the presence of the rhetorical devices of pathopoeia, scesis onomaton and principle of scarcity and the overall frequency with which they appear. Based on the data that emerges from my research, I will then attempt to draw correlations between the findings and attempt to link the presence of rhetorical devices as a contributing factor to the creation of Leafs Nation as an online imagined community through a qualitative textual analysis.

scholarly journals How to Gain Wisdom of Heart: The Meaning of the Rhetorical Structure of Psalm 90

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Marek Kowalczuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Valuation Theory ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
The Way

The request for wisdom of heart that can be found in Psalm 90:12 conveys in a certain sense the essence of the spiritual search on which that the authors of the Old Testament Wisdom Books embarked. In the end, they arrived at the conclusion that true knowledge can be attained only as a gift from the Creator. The question that remains, however, is: how man can receive this knowledge? The analysis of Psalm 90 presented below is an attempt to respond to this question. This analysis focuses particularly on the literary structure of Psalm 90 because, by coming to a better understanding of the way in which the sections and respective elements of the poem relate to each other, one arrives at the psalm’s deeper meaning. In this regard, the psychologist Hubert Hermans’ valuation theory is particularly helpful.

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